Vertical greening / farming – a concept for the future?
Stadt der Zukunft: Innovative Konzepte in Deutschland und Frankreich 19. Nov. 2015 Prof. Dr. Dr. Christian Ulrichs Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Faculty of Life Sciences Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology Lentzeallee 55/57, D-14195 Berlin +49 (30) 2093 46422
[email protected]
Vertical greening / farming
Quelle: http://www.worldofstock.com/slides/BAG1506.jpg [09.062013]
http://media.economist.com/images/imagesmagazine/2010/12/11/tq/20101211_tqp001.jpg (13.6.13/18:40uhr) VFA Studentenwettbewerb 2015
Development of the vertical farming idea
• 1915 Gilbert Ellis Bailey
• 1990 Ken Yeang » Malaysian architect, concept of mixed use skyscrapers
• 1999 Dickson Despommier » Ecologist at Columbia University
Quelle: http://cdn.supadupa.me/shop/860/images/334154/theonlyway_grande.jpg?1334473596 [11.06.2013]
» Inspired through forest farming in different strata
http://openlibrary.org/works/OL15596 36W/Vertical_farming http://www.digitalfrog.com/resources/archives/strata.jpg
http://www.treehugger.com/culture/the-vertical-farm-does-it-make-sense-book-review.html
Allottment gardening
Agropolis
Urban agriculture
Urban food zoning Urban horticulture
Entrepreneurial horticulture Urbanes planting 2.0
Allottment gardening
Agropolis
Urban agriculture
Urban food zoning Urban horticulture
Entrepreneurial horticulture Urbanes planting 2.0
Advantages Adaptation to the future • 2050 Food for 9 Bill. People question – (productivity 4-6 x increased) • Consumer near production • Resource management (for 1 area unit up to 6 units can be recultivated) Increase of biodiversity through species diversity • Especially old varieties and land races can be produced in small scaled systems Urban growth • Employment • Biomass for energy production
Human health aspects • Nutritional improvement, subsistence • Participative production • Organic production Parking lot in Berlin Kreuzberg, 2009
Advantages Adaptation to the future • 2050 Food for 9 Bill. People question – (productivity 4-6 x increased) • Consumer near production • Resource management (for 1 area unit up to 6 units can be recultivated) Increase of biodiversity through species diversity • Especially old varieties and land races can be produced in small scaled systems Urban growth • Employment • Biomass for energy production
Human health aspects • Nutritional improvement, subsistence • Participative production • Organic production Parking lot in Berlin Kreuzberg, 2009
Existing systems; use of unused areas Integration of conventinal production methods into the concept of urban farming Brooklyn, NY
Quelle: http://gothamgreens.com/our-farm
NY
Quelle: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/12/nyregion/in-rooftop-f arming-new-york-city-emerges-as-a-leader.html [11.06.2013]
Tokio
Quelle: http://www.cityfarmer.info/2008/11/10/tokyo-rooftop-and-underground-urban-farminglures-young-japanese-office-workers/ [11.06.2013]
Existing systems; use of unused areas Quelle: http://www.tao.at/files/2012/07/New-YorkRiverpark-Urban-Farm1.jpg [09.06.2013] Quelle: http://www.urbandreammanagement.com/2010/05/ bagfield-in-kalasatama/ [09.06.2013]
Quelle: http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/swedishgarbage-bags-grow-instant-vertical-gardens.html [09.06.2013]
- bag farming - container - vertical - hanging - raised beds - open fields - hydroponic Quelle: http://www.worldofstock.com/slides/BAG1506.jpg [09.062013]
Quelle: http://agreenroof.com/vertical-urban-farms /urban-farming-photo-gallery/ [09.06.2013]
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Existing systems; new structures Suwon, South Korea
http://www.insideurbangreen.org/vertical-farms/
http://www.geo.de/GEO/natur/green-living/suedkorea-vertical-farming-der-bauernhof-im-hochhaus69065.html
http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/real-live-vertical-farm-built-in-south-korea-churning-outlettuce.html
http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_economyscience_detail.htm?No=25007
• 450 m² leafy vegetables • Ecological produced • Water recycling systems (90% savings)
Underground farming Quelle: http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/pasona-o2-urban-underground-farming.html [10.06.2013]
• • • •
Since 2005, in Tokio 1000 m² 100 different cultivars 100% artif. light
• CELSS system managed
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Urban vegetable production
• Hanoi: 50% of all crucifers, 100% of all leafy vegetables (An et al. 2003) • Shanghai 60% of all vegetables (Cai and Zhangen 2000) • Metro Manila: 0.5% of all vegetables (Ulrichs et al. 2001) 15-20% of all vegetables for the urban population are produced urban/peri-urban (FAO 1999)
Innovative vertical farming concepts
Quelle: http://spatialconditions.blogspot.co.at/2011/08/urban-farming.html [05.06.2013]
Quelle: http://www.detail.de/daily/farm-statt-skyscraper-projekt-von-vincent-callebaut-21565/ [11.06.2013]
Disadvantages Economical • Very few existing buildings can carry the weight • Costs for new buildings have not been calculated yet properly (energy, investments, pollination, irrigation,…) Pollution • Energy needs to be produced • Light pollution • Water pollution with agrochemicals Produced varieties • Vegetables and mushrooms but staple crops like wheat and rice are not produced because of the area needed (factor 10) Acceptance • Consumer acceptance because of contamination, quality risks
Säumel et al. 2012, Environmental pollution
Associated quality problems
Mucha-Pelzer, T., Ulrichs, C. & Mewis, I. 2010: J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 12473–12480
= 69% reduced qualiy
Next steps • Upscaling from conventional roof farms • Adjustments of existing technological solutions to these new complex production systems • Establishment of standards to integrate into the urban metabolism • Product safety and quality management
Wettbewerb des BMBF: Agrarsysteme der Zukunft
www.agrarsysteme-der-zukunft.de
Vertical greening / farming – a concept for the future?
Not the silver bullet - but part of the solution towards a sustainable urban development
Contribution of urban greening and urban farming to all three columns of sustaniability
Joint research opportunities We are looking for partners for an urban horticultural call within „Horizon 2020“ Contact:
[email protected]
