INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS TO DRIVE THE WORLD TRANSPORT ELECTRIC AND SUSTAINABLE
Ziva Patir – Better Place VP Global Standards, Environment, Quality and Safety
A world with 2 billion cars
900 million cars today
80 million cars are built and sold every year
China and India just started
Major challenges: pollution, resource depletion, congestion, and global warming Standards are necessary to show the way
Electric Vehicles – Not As New As You Think
Thomas Edison and an electric car in 1913
The Henney Kilowatt, a 1961 production electric car based on the Renault Dauphine
Electric Vehicle History
Electric cars were popular in the late-19th century and early 20th century
Before the 1920s, electric automobiles were competing with petroleum-fueled cars for urban use of a quality service car
Proposed as early as 1896 in order to overcome the lack of recharging infrastructure, an exchangeable battery service was first put into practice by Hartford Electric Light Company for electric trucks
Electric cars were often marketed as suitable vehicles for women drivers due to their ease of operation, and lack of vibration, smell, and noise associated with gasoline cars
Where should EV The electrically propelled vehicle standardization – Is it a Vehicle? happen? – Is it an Electrical Device? This may seem a trivial question, but it shows the difference of technical cultures – Electro technical standardization (IEC) – Automotive standardization (ISO) – What about other SDO’s ?
Standardization Effort divided between IEC and ISO
Most of the work is done by these committees: ISO TC22 SC21
IEC SC23H ,IEC TC69
Aspects related to the electric vehicle as a whole
Aspects related to electrical components, socket outlets, plugs and electric supply infrastructure
CEN/CENELEC electro-mobility focus group identified more than 60 standards related to EV
A list of EV related Standards Electric road vehicle – Vocabulary ISO 8713:2005 under revision
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2
Electric road vehicles – Vocabulary
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3
Electrically propelled road vehicles - Terminology
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2
Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC 60417
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2
Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification. Identification of conductors by colours or numerals.
IEC 60446
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3
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529
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1
Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles — Terminology
ISO/WD 13062
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1
Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles - Safety specifications
ISO/WD 13063
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1
Battery-electric mopeds and motorcycles, Performance - Reference energy consumption and range
ISO/WD 13064-1
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1
Battery-electric mopeds and motorcycles, Performance - Road operating characterictics
ISO/WD 13064-2
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1
Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles
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2
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations. Batteries EN 50272 -4 for use in portable appliances
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Mechanical tests for sealed portable secondary cells and batteries
IEC 61959
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
IEC 61960
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications
IEC 62133
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non acid electrolytes – Design and manufacturing recommendations for portable batteries made from sealed secondary cells
IEC/TR 62188
EN 13447:2001
ISO 8713
Cycles, Mopeds and Motorcycles Applications
EN 15194:2009-01
A list of EV related Standards - batteries A
2
Batteries General requirements for battery powered trucks
EN 1175 -1
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3
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations. Stationary batteries
EN 50272 -1
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3
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations. Stationary batteries
EN 50272 -2
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2
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations. Traction batteries
EN 50272 -3
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1
B
1
Electric road vehicles - Safety specifications - Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 1: High power applications Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 1: High energy applications Preferred sizes and voltages of battery monoblocs for electric vehicle applications Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for large format secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
ISO 6469-1:2009 Ed. 2 ISO/DIS 12405-1 under Revision ISO/WD 12405-2 under devlopement
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1
A
1
C
3
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2
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 482: Primary and secondary batteries
IEC 60050-482
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2
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 486:Secondary cells and batteries
IEC 60050-486
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3
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Sealed nickelcadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells
IEC 60622
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3
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Vented nickelcadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells
IEC 60623
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
IEC 61434
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1
Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol ISO 7000-1135
IEC 61429
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3
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Portable sealed rechargeable single cells – Part 1: Nickel-cadmium
IEC 61951-1
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Portable sealed rechargeable single cells – Part 2 :Nickel-metal hydride
IEC 61951-2
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3
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Mechanical tests for sealed portable secondary cells and batteries
IEC 61959
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2
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
IEC 61960
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2
Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Test parameters
IEC 61982-1 under revision
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1
Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 2: Dynamic discharge performance test and dynamic endurance test
IEC 61982-2
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1
Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Performance and life testing (traffic compatible, urban use vehicles)
IEC 61982-3
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2
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2
Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 1: Test parameters Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 5: Safety testing for lithium-ion cells and batteries
IEC 61894 IEC 62619
IEC 61982-4 IEC 61982-5
A list of EV related Standards – Charging stations Charging Systems Type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: General rules Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 2 : Circuit-breakers Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switchdisconnectors and fuse-combination units
EN 60439-1 EN 60947-1 EN 60947-2
IEC 60439-1 IEC 60947-1 IEC 60947-2
EN 60947-3
IEC 60947-3
EN 61851-1
IEC 61851-1 2nd edition
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1
A
1
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1
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1
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c./d.c. supply
IEC 61851-21 under revision
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station
IEC 61851-22 under revision
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: d.c. electric vehicle charging station
IEC 61851-23 New Work Item approved IEC 61851-24 IEC 62040-2
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2
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Communication protocol between offboard charger and electric vehicle
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3
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle couplers and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: Charging of electric vehicles up to 250 A a.c. and 400 A d.c.
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and vehicle couplers – Conductive charging of electricity vehicles – Part 2: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and vehicle couplers – Conductive charging of electricity vehicles – Part 2-1
IEC 62196-2-1
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and vehicle couplers – Conductive charging of electricity vehicles – Part 2-2
IEC 62196-2-2
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1
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 1: D.C. charging station
CLC/prTS 50457-1:2006
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1
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 2: Communication protocol between offboard charger and electric vehicle
CLC/prTS 50457-2:2006
EN 62196-1:2003
IEC 62196-1 under revision
IEC 62196-2 under development
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system -- Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station
EN 61851-22:2002
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system -- Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c/d.c. supply
EN 61851-21:2002
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system -- Part 1: General requirements
EN 61851-1:2001
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2
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 1: General considerations
ENV 50275-1:1998
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2
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 2-1: Connection of an electric vehicle to an a.c./d.c. supply
ENV 50275-2-1:1998
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2
Conductive charging of electric vehicles -- Part 2-2: A.C. charging station
ENV 50275-2-2:1998
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2
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 2-3: D.C. charging station
ENV 50275-2-3:1998
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2
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2
D
2
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2
Conductive charging for electric vehicles -- Part 2-4: Communication protocol between offboard charger and electric vehicle Industrial battery chargers Electric vehicle Charging System Equipment (2nd edition) Outline of Investigation for Electric Vehicle Supply Circuit Vehicle On-Board Charging Power Quality
ENV 50275-2-4:1998 UL 1564:2006 UL 2202:2009 UL 2594:2009 J 2894
A list of EV related Standards – wires and connectors 1
Wiring, Connectors, Controllers, Rotating machines Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated converters - Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
EN 60146-1
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1
Road vehicles – 60 V and 600 V single-core cables – Dimensions, test methods and requirements
ISO 6722
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1
Multi-core connecting cables – Part 1: Test methods and requirements for basic performance sheathed cables
ISO 4141-1
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1
Multi-core connecting cables – Part 2: Test methods and requirements for high performance sheathed cables
ISO 4141-2
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1
Multi-core connecting cables – Part 3: Construction, dimensions and marking of unscreened sheathed low-voltage cables
ISO 4141-3
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1
Multi-core connecting cables – Part 4: Test methods and requirements for coiled cable assemblies
ISO 4141-4
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1
Road vehicles – Round, unscreened 60 V and 600 V multicore sheathed cables – Test methods and requirements for basic and high performance cables
ISO 14572
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1
Road vehicles – Data cables – Test methods and requirements
ISO/TS 16553
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1
Road vehicles – Circuit breakers – Part 1: Definitions and general test requirements
ISO 10924-1
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1
Road vehicles – Circuit breakers – Part 4: Medium circuit breakers with tabs (blade type), Form CB15
ISO 10924-4
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1
Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Cables for general applications High flexibility braided cables
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2
(all parts) Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes
IEC 60309
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60309-1
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes – Part 2: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC 60309-2
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1
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1
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes – Part 4: Switched socket-outlets and connectors with or without interlock Wiring and connectors for electric road vehicles
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1
Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 5: Flexible cables (cords)
IEC 60227-5
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1
Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 7: Flexible cables screened and unscreened with two or more conductors
IEC 60227-7
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1
Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 3: Heat resistant silicone rubber cables
IEC 60245-3
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1
Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 4: Cords and flexible cables
IEC 60245-4
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1
Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 8: Cords for applications requiring high flexibility
IEC 60245-8
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1
Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 2-1: Application guide - Explanation of the application of the IEC 60664 series, dimensioning examples and dielectric testing
IEC 60664-1
EN 50525-xx…under devlopment
IEC 50525-xx..under developement
IEC 60309 -4 IEC/TR 60783
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1
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1
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1
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c./d.c. Supply Wiring and connectors for electric road vehicles Instrumentation for electric road vehicles Rotating machines for electric road vehicles
B
2
Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials
IEC 60811-i
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1
Plugs and socket-outlets for households and similar purposes
IEC 60884
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3
Conductors of insulated cables – Data for AWG and kcmil sizes 1 SAE J 2183 60 V and 600 V Single-Core Cables 1
IEC/TR 62602
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2
A
2
High Voltage Primary Cable High Voltage Automotive Wiring Assembly Design
J1654:2004 J1673:1996
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2
Connections for High Voltage On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring
J1742:2005
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2
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2
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2
SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler SAE Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging 60 V and 600 V Single Core Cables – Test Methods
J1772:2010 J1773:1999 J2183:2006
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2
Round. Screened and Unscreened. 60 V and 600 V Multi;Core Sheathed Cables
J2501:2007
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2
A
2
C
2
Plugs, Receptacles and Couplers for EVs Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling – Part 1: General requirements
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2
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2
A A
IEC 60664-2-1 IEC/TR 60783 IEC/TR 60784 IEC/TR 60785
UL 2251:2002 J 1773 IEC 61980-1
Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling – Part 2: Manual connection system using a paddle
IEC 61980-2
1
On board electric power equipment for electric road vehicles Electric road vehicles – Road operating characteristics
ISO 8715
1
Road vehicles - Intelligent power switches - Part 1: High-side intelligent power switch
ISO 10483-1
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1
Road vehicles – Intelligent power switches – Part 2: Low-side intelligent power switch
ISO 10483-2
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1
Controllers for electric road vehicles
IEC 61981
IEC/TR 60786
Types of Cables
Case A: The cable is part of the car Connected either to the home outlet or to the EVSE.
Case B: A loose cable Connected the car on one side to the EVSE on the other side.
Case C: The cable is part of the Hanging Connected from the wall or EVSE to the car
A.
B.
C.
Types of Connectors
1.
Type 1 – SAE J1772, 208V or 240V, up to 80A
Type 2 – can be 1 or 3 phase, up to 63A
Type 3 – can be 1 or 3 phase, up to 32A, has shutters Inductive Charging
Still in R&D stage, standardization work is focused in the US
2.
3.
Auto Manufacturers Collaborate on Harmonized Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Solution
On the 12th of Oct. 2011 - Audi, BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen have agreed on a combined charging system (AC+DC) as an international standardized approach to charge electric vehicles. The system is a “Fast Charge” system and uses identical ways for the vehicle to communicate with the charging station.
Type 1 Combo
Type 2 Combo
Modes of charging Mode 1: Direct connection of the EV to the AC supply network. This mode will be allowed for electric bicycles and scooters. Mode 2: Connect to a dedicated house socket through a control box on the cable to the EV. Needed for safety, limited to low current. Mode 3: Direct connection of the EV to the AC supply network utilizing dedicated EVSE where the control pilot function extends to equipment permanently connected to the AC supply network. Mode 4: DC Fast charge – with the combo connector or the Japanese connector CHAdeMO
EV Communication and smart grid
Joint ISO/IEC WG ( ISO TC 22/SC3 and IEC TC 69) on Vehicle to Grid Interface (ISO/IEC 15118 standard series) based on the Joint ISO IEC Cooperation Agreement.
IEC Strategic Group 3 on Smart Grid in charge of developing a long term strategic plan for the IEC, and is about to establishes an IEC Strategic Group 6 on Automotive Electrotechnics.
It was also announced last month that the US (NIST) and Europe (SGCG) jointly intend to work together on Smart Grid standards development.
Batteries standardization Effort divided between IEC and ISO
Battery Safety Standards
ISO6469: General EV Battery Safety ISO12405: Lithium batteries (system level) IEC62660-2: Lithium batteries (cell level)
Batteries – new proposals at ISO and IEC:
New standardization activities are recommended, especially in relation to the requirements for storage, labeling, and battery switching stations.
Battery switch stations are being proposed for recharging batteries – similar to Mode 4 charging.
Standardization of battery modules should be considered as a long-term objective. (not likely due to objection from the automobile industry)
There is a need to create a unique standard that clearly defines the interfaces of removable batteries.
Batteries – new proposals at ISO and IEC:
New proposals for Battery standard work at ISO and IEC:
– Dimensions for lithium-ion cells and the location of the connection terminals to be used in electrically propelled road vehicles. – No specs for inner construction, cell chemistry, electrical characteristics and any further properties – No relation between dimensions and capacity of cell as the performance of secondary lithium-ion batteries for vehicle propulsion is still being improved quickly.
Batteries – new proposals at ISO and IEC:
11 battery switching station related standards are in final stages of developing.
The standards are very well drafted and deal with all major issues of BSS, including technical requirements, construction codes, acceptance tests and safety issues.
Switching time is defined as less than 300 seconds for private vehicles and 600 seconds for commercial vehicles.
Standards define a monitor and surveillance system that will manage and monitor the switching stations for safety and security reasons
Say Hello To Electric Car Battery Switching in China
U.S. Standardizatio n Status
ANSI Established the Electric Vehicles Standards Panel (EVSP) to lay the groundwork for a strategic roadmap that will define the standards and conformance programs needed to enable the widespread acceptance and deployment of EVs and associated infrastructure in the U.S.
There are 7 work groups. Each focus on one aspect of the electric vehicle, such as: charging, communication, vehicle-user interfaces etc.
Better Place participates in the steering committees of 3 working groups: Battery, Charging (act as its Chair) and Communication
Publication of the roadmap is expected by December 2011
Better Place Battery Switch Station
Conformity Assessment
IECEE recently accepted the IEC charging standards 62196-1, 62196-2 and 61851 (which defines the 4 Modes) as a new product category in the CB Scheme
It will allow participating bodies to issue CB test certificates and test reports for the purpose of obtaining the national certification marks or approvals for these products. The US National Electrical Code requires EV couplers (vehicle connectors and inlets) to be 3rd party listed in accordance to nationally recognized standards
