Electric cars and the Sustainable Future

Electric cars and the Sustainable Future 23.06.2010 The coincidence of four factors put tremendous pressure on the auto industry 2 Development El...
Author: Bertha Riley
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Electric cars and the Sustainable Future 23.06.2010

The coincidence of four factors put tremendous pressure on the auto industry

2

Development Electrification

Electric Vehicle

Electric Vehicle

EV optimized Platform

E - Vehicle

Plug In Hybrid ICE, Electric Motor

EV mit REX Electric Motor ICE with generator

Full-Hybrid ICE Electric Motor

Mild-Hybrid ICE, Electric Motor

Micro-Hybrid ICE, Start-Stop

yesterday

today

tomorrow

3

Components for Electrification

Li-Ionen Battery

Ni-Metal Battery Electric Power Steering

Range Extender

Inverter 1st Generation

E-Motor Electric Wheel Hub

E-Brake Assistant

Start Stop Automatic

yesterday

today

tomorrow

4

Experiences of customers What can customers experience with 1000 Wh?

Free time & Sport sleeping

4h

12 h

Car 250 m

Preparing 50 cups tea

Vision

height difference

watching TV

1/4 full bath

10 km today

4 km

driving by car

2h

driving by car .

14 km

acceleration

jogging

12x to 50 km/h

B- Segment Vehicle

playing golf

30 km riding bicycle Body weight: 70 kg 5

Experience Electrification What can customers experience with Electrification?

Electric driving experience

high

A + elektric driving 3-5 km

middle

+ elektric driving up to 50 km

driving up to 100 km

+ electric acceleration up to 40 km/h

Emission free traffic light stop

low Start/Stop Automatic

50 Wh Supercap

1.000 Wh Battery+ ICE

10.000 Wh Battery+REX

Size of energy storage system/ type

20.000 Wh Battery 6

Drivers for sustainable Mobility

Climate changes NEW LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Environmental awareness Experiencing the NEW MOBILITY

Oil ressources, fuel price CHANCE FOR ENERGY SUPPLIER Green Image CHANCE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Technology leadership A CHANCE for EUROPE High purchase price NEW BUSINESS MODELS

NEW Technologies CHANCE FOR NEW PRODUCTS Electrification drivetrain CHANGES OF INFRASTRUCTURE

new consumer behavior- new technologies- new vehicles, new laws- new infrastructure – new business models

the NEW as a CHANCE 7

Energy concept of complete vehicle Energy consumption [kWh/ 100km] city cycle incl. real – life conditions

optimization auxiliaris & air conditioning ! new, high efficient thermo systems braking

drivetrain losses

! energy recuperation

roll resistance

!  efficient aggregates !  optimized tires ! mass reduction vehicle

aerodynamics

! OEM: Aerodynam. optimized body

Significant reduction of energy consumption needs common work Current energy consumption 20-25kWh/ 100km

Source: R. Bosch GmbH

Target energy consumption 8-15kWh/ 100km 8

Technical Potential Analysis Power and Energy Flow – NEDC Cycle FullHybrid

ML350 - HySUV™ Hybrid

Vehicle Measures

Internal Combustion Engine Optimized Strategy Hybrid technology enables the optimization of power flow of the entire vehicle system and supports general measures.

Hybridisation Concept

9

What does energy efficiency cost (2013)? 60,000

EU market incl. VAT

Price incl. 19% VAT EV (red curve): incl. Battery price ICEs (black curve): Honda FR-V, Opel Zafira, Citroen Berlingo

50,000

Purchase price !

Show car MILA EV 40,000

Rolling Cha

30,000

ssis EV Platform

20,000

10,000

0 0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Volume / year

140,000

160,000

180,000

10

200,000

Total Cost of Ownership Comparison to VW Polo 1.4

Mila EV Basic: ! 23.540,00 incl. 19% VAT (#150.000)

VW Polo: ! 15.820 ,00 incl. 19% VAT (#400.000)

Car life time (EV & ICEV) 7 years, 100.000km, Battery life time 7 years, not considered: residual value Mila EV EVO Basic: Fixed electricity price: 0,126 EUR/kWh (80% night, 20% day tariff) Consumption: 13,8kWh/100km Insurance + no tax, service: assumptions MS

VW Polo 1.4 Fixed fuel price,: 1,2 EUR/l City consumption: 6,0 l/100km Insurance + tax, service : according Auto Test 08/2008 11

Energy Storage 1.000 Wh are stored in… Supercap Supercap Energy battery Energiebatterie Bamboo Bambussprossen Bambusssprossen Wood Holz Bread dumpling Semmelknödel Semmelknödl Rapeseed oil Rapsöl Chocolate Schokolade Gasoline Benzin 0.01

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

Weight of energy storage kg

12

Batteries: Portfolio Electric Energy Storage SuperCaps:

Li-Ion:

highest specific power; limited for applications due to poor energy density

high power and energy density; preferred technology at some point in the future

Specific Power, W/kg at Cell Level

100.000

NiMH:

10.000

DLC 1.000

Li-Ion

Futu re

Li-Io n

state of the art; up to 70% less energy and power density on system level

?

100

Ni-Mh 10

Pb Technology

Pb

for Micro Hybrid applications only

1 1

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Specific Energy, Wh/kg at Cell level 13

Cell Price Development Lithium Ionen Battery: Cell costs 120%

Current costs

Price (%)

100%

Optimization of production (mass production, cell power)

80%

60%

!450

-30 % -60%

new materials 40%

-15 %

cell standardization material price

!315 !250 -10%

2009

!200

-5%

!180

2020 Source: Continental AG

14

Apple – an interesting inspiration for the Automotive Industry

patent aluminium housing

size difference

Apple operating system

FOCUS

standard components

speed difference

no difference

Source: Cisco Systems

15

Mini uses this model currently

personalization

product difference

association

FOCUS

association difference

Peugeot diesel engine

no difference

Source: Cisco Systems

16

Degree of Electrification

Conclusion

Gasoline

Engine: -  ICE -  Electric auxiliary system Engine: -  ICE -  High power -> ICE -  low electric range of coverage

Engine: -  electric dominant -  High power -> electr. machine -  high electric range of coverage

Engine: -  pure electric

Diesel

Purchase price !

EU Market incl. value-added tax

Volume per year

Ni-Metal Battery

Li-Ion Battery

? 17

Many things started Still many possibilities and chances

CHANCE FOR ENERGY SUPPLIER What is the role?

NEW LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Everyone on ist own or common?

CHANCE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES Who has the potential to finance?

EXPERIENCE THE NEW MOBILITY Energy efficiency – a rate for premium? A CHANCE FOR EUROPE How do we keep that chance?

CHANCE FOR NEW PRODUCTS Who can handle the complexity?

NEW BUSINESS MODELS Which one will accomplish?

CHANGE OF INFRASTRUCTURE What are the new possibilities?

It is not a question of IF and WHEN It is a question of HOW and WHO

World is changing

Let US change the world 18