UNIDAD
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Home Sweet Home
En esta unidad aprenderás a: 1. Expresar existencia en presente y en pasado 2. Describir los objetos y las partes de una casa 3. Dar órdenes e instrucciones 4. Hablar, preguntar y responder sobre cantidades 5. Preguntar y contestar direcciones 6. Usar cuantificadores 7. Organizar una redacción y recopilar ideas para escribirla 8. Diferenciar la pronunciación de los sonidos /e/, /c /, /f:/
Por medio de: Contenidos gramaticales: 1. There is/ there are 2. There was/ there were 3. El imperativo 4. Los nombres contables e incontables. 5. Cuantificadores "much" y "many" / "some" y "any"
Vocabulario: 1. La casa 2. Partes de la casa: habitaciones y muebles 3. Preposiciones de lugar y movimiento 4. Direcciones
Fonética: 1. Pronunciación de los sonidos: /e/, /c/, /f:/
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CONTENIDO
Unit 1. Describing the world
pág. 16
GRAMMAR
READING
Message in a bottle.
WRITING Uso de mayúsculas. Signos de puntuación
To be/ to have en presente. To be/ to have en pasado. Verbos modales: 'can' 'must' 'have to'. Genitivo Sajón.
VOCABULARY Saludos y presentaciones. Nacionalidades. Partículas interrogativas. Adjetivos posesivos. Pronombres posesivos. Descripción física. Cognados.
PRONUNCIATION
LISTENING & SPEAKING
Los sonidos /æ/, //, /Y:/
Identificar fórmulas de saludo y presentación. Entender descripciones físic a s d e personas.
FUNCTIONS Saludar y presentarse. Hablar de países y nacionalidades. Describir la apariencia física de personas y objetos. Expresar capacidad y obligación. Expresar posesión.
Unit 2. Home sweet home READING
Downshifting.
WRITING
GRAMMAR There is/ there are. There was/there were. Imperativo. How much/How many. Cuantificadores: some/any.
PRONUNCIATION
Organizar composición en párrafos: Los sonidos /e/, /c/, /f:/. presentación, nudo, desenlace.
VOCABULARY Partes de la casa: muebles y habitaciones. Direcciones. Preposiciones de lugar y movimiento.
LISTENING & SPEAKING Entender direcciones
FUNCTIONS Expresar la existencia presente/ pasado. Dar órdenes e instrucciones. Hablar de cantidades. Preguntar y dar direcciones. Usar cuantificadores.
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Reading 1. Getting the general idea (1
)
a) When trying to understand a text, it may help you to find out the clues that come with it. These clues are the title, the pictures, the graphics, etc. Try to guess what the text is about by reading the title, and looking at the pictures. Try to recognize the parts of the new word: DOWN + SHIFT: BAJO+ CAMBIAR. Do you know what "Downshift" means? Does the picture help you to understand the title? Does it give you any more information? What do you think they are going to shift or change? b) Read the first and the last sentences. How do you think the story is going to end? Choose one option. They will live happily ever after. They didn't change anything in their life. They wanted to change their life, but they couldn't. They moved from the beach to London. They didn't like the village where they were born.
c) Will you change anything from your present life? Choose the most suitable answer for you. No, my life is perfect the way it is. Yes, but not much. Yes, I will change many things. Yes, I will change my job. Yes, I don't like where I live now.
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HOME SWEET HOME
2. Read and listen to this text (2
)(
)
Downshifting Mr Dinwidie is determined to change his way of life. He has just turned 55 and he has been working hard all his life. He is well off and likes his job but he has always spent a long time at his office and flying around the world. Consequently, he has not been able to see his family and has missed his wife. One day he realised that his children had grown up and had left home, so his wife was feeling lonely as she spent most of her time all by herself. That day Mr Dinwidie thought that it was the right moment to make a change. At that time, he was living in a beautiful and expensive attic in London, near Oxford Street. It was very comfortable. There were three bedrooms, a bathroom, and a sitting-room. The kitchen was not too big but there was a pantry next to it. As they lived in Central London, their residence was well communicated and not far from his office. As a result it took him very little time to get to work but he was always annoyed by the background noise. There were always cars and ambulances, and even fire engine sirens disturbing their peace. When he decided to retire he transferred his business to his children who were 28 and 25 years old. They had been working with him for the past 3 years, and he thought they could take over the company. Both his children agreed with the difficult decision their father had taken, although they weren't sure if they were responsible enough to run the business all by themselves. They decided to move to Porthleven. It is a small village in Southern Cornwall. It is a quiet place overlooking the sea where Mr and Mrs Dinwidie met for the first time. There, they wanted to devote their time to gardening, a hobby that they really loved. In Porthleven, they bought a detached house with a large garden. In the new house there are 4 bedrooms, a dining room, a sitting room, two bathrooms, a spacious kitchen and a big pantry at the side of the kitchen. Their downshifting was a carefully thought out decision, because they were going to change their way of life drastically. But they were going to be able to do what they had always dreamt of: growing flowers and fruit trees in their garden and watching the fishermen coming into the harbour. The removal van brought all their belongings as the flat in London was sold, and they wanted all their memories to live with them in their new house.
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Comprehension 3. Find words in the text that mean: (3
)
a) When you have made up your mind to do something. (1st paragraph) b) Having enough money to live, or being rich. (1st paragraph) c) To become adult or mature. (1st paragraph) d) A room usually next to the kitchen where the food is kept. (2nd & 4th paragraph) e) Changing a busy life to a more comfortable and quiet one. (5th paragraph) f) Personal things or possessions. ( 5th paragraph) 4. Circle the correct answer: (4
)
a) Mr Dinwidie wanted to change his way of life because: He was very stressed with his work. He was ill, and the doctor told him to retire. His wife was alone and he wanted to be with her. He was too old to continue working. b) His home in London: Was very far away from his work. Had many rooms and a big garden. Was near his office. c) What did Mr Dinwidie do with his bussiness: He gave it to his children. He sold it. He closed it down. d) Mr and Mrs Dinwidie´s children: Don't want their father´s business. Are going to work for him for 3 years. Are happy but afraid with his father's decision. e) His house in Porthleven: Was small, but it had a big garden. Was spacious, but the garden was small. Was big, spacious and it had a big pantry.
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Learning vocabulary The house
KITCHEN COCINA
BATHROOM BAÑO
LIVING-ROOM CUARTO DE ESTAR
BEDROOM DORMITORIO
DINING-ROOM COMEDOR
GARDEN JARDÍN
HALL ENTRADA
ATTIC BUHARDILLA
PANTRY DESPENSA
GARAGE GARAJE
LIVING-ROOM
BEDROOM SHEETS
SÁBANAS
TV SET
TELEVISIÓN
PILLOW
ALMOHADA
ARMCHAIR
SOFÁ
BLANKET
MANTA
CARPET
ALFOMBRA
WARDROVE
ARMARIO
CURTAINS
CORTINAS
ALARM CLOCK
DESPERTADOR
FIREPLACE
CHIMENEA
BATHROOM
KITCHEN
BATH
BAÑO
FRIDGE
FRIGORÍFICO
SHOWER
DUCHA
OVEN
HORNO
SPONGE
ESPONJA
MICROWAVE
MICROONDAS
TOWEL
TOALLA
FRYING PAN
SARTÉN
SOAP
JABÓN
COOKER
COCINA
TAPS
GRIFOS
JUG
JARRA
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5. Listen and try to match the rooms of the plan with their correct name.(5
)(
b c
d
c j
a
g
f e
h
i
BATHROOM
PANTRY
KITCKEN
DINING ROOM
BEDROOM
SITTING ROOM
HALL
ATTIC
GARAGE
TERRACE
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)
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HOME SWEET HOME
6. Look at the picture of the kitchen. a) Tick with a “√” the items that are in the picture; b) Tick with a “X” the ones that aren’t; and c) with " " the ones that do not belong to the kitchen. Use the dictionary if you need it. (6 ) THE KITCHEN CURTAINS
TV SET
FIREPLACE
CARPET
FRYING PAN
FRIDGE
MICROWAVE
OVEN
JUG
PLATES
ARMCHAIR
WASHING-MACHINE
d)The four items that you have marked with " " belong to the ...................................................................................................................................... ......................…………………………………………………………………...................... 7.Follow the same steps as in the exercise before, but this time in the bathroom. (7 ) THE BATHROOM
BATH
SPONGE
TAPS
WARDROBE
SHOWER
SHEETS
PILLOW
BLANKET
SOAP
ALARM
MIRROR
TOWEL
There are 4 items that don't belong to the bathroom,(" ") Where are they from? ............................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................
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Working with words 8.Join with arrows the two columns. Look for the synonyms or definitions. (8
)
a. Room containing a bath, a shower, a toilet. b. Thing to control the flowing of water into the bath, sink, etc.. c. Loft or a room in the top of the house. d. Basin in a kitchen, which is usually used to wash dishes. e. Where people relax and watch TV. f. It Is the roof of the room, where the lamp usually hangs. g. A screen for the windows to prevent the light getting into the room. h. Devise usually placed on roofs to receive radio or television waves or signals.
a. Attic b. Sitting room c. Bathroom d. Taps e. Sink f. Aerial g. Ceiling h. Blind
Grammar NOMBRES CONTABLES E INCONTABLES A. NOMBRES CONTABLES: Los nombres contables son aquellos que se pueden considerar unidades independientes, como por ejemplo: niño, libro, botella. One child, two children One bottle, three bottles
Un niño, dos niños Una botella, tres botellas
Pueden aparecer en singular. A horse is usually strong Un caballo normalmente es fuerte. O en plural. Friends are always good company
Los amigos son siempre buena compañía.
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B. NOMBRES INCONTABLES: Los incontables no se consideran unidades cuantificables de forma independiente, no pueden ir en plural y llevan el verbo en singular: music, weather,virtue, milk, sugar, oil. Los nombres incontables nunca llevan el artículo "A /AN". Music, weather, virtue, milk, sugar, oil. La distinción entre nombres contables e incontables es muy importante porque de ella depende la concordancia del verbo, y el uso de cuantificadores como much (para incontables) y many (para contables). Much time
mucho tiempo
Many days
muchos días
Existen algunos nombres que son incontables, pero que en ciertas ocasiones aparecen como contables Beer
Cerveza
Give me a beer
I like beer
Me gusta la cerveza
Dame una (jarra de) cerveza
Estudia los siguientes nombres incontables Furniture
muebles: Furniture is very expensive
Work
trabajo: There was work for a whole week
Money
dinero: Money does not give happiness
Gold Salt
oro: Gold is very expensive Sal: Salt preserves food
El uso de algunas de estas palabras puede resultar problemático, porque en ocasiones es necesario expresarlas en singular. Mira los siguientes ejemplos, aunque no valen para todos los casos. Furniture News
muebles. Pero UN SOLO mueble: a piece of furniture noticias. Una sola: A piece of news.
Information
informaciones. Una sola: A piece of information
Otras veces, un nombre incontable puede convertirse en contable, cambiando así su significado, como por ejemplo: - Paper
papel ( la materia)/ A paper
- Bread
pan/ A slice of bread
- Coffee
café/ A coffee
- A bean of coffee - Glass
una rebanada de pan una taza de café.
un grano de café
vidrio/ A glass
un vaso 46
un periódico
Grammar exercises 9. Choose between the two possibilities: (9
)
a) Waiter! I have hair/ a hair in my soup. b) Don't ask me for a money/ money. c) Will you please pass me a bread/ a slice of bread? d) I don't want to read paper/ this paper. I don't trust what it says. e) What a good weather/ good weather! f) Could you pass me some glass of water/ a glass of water? g) In our little farm we have chickens but we never eat chickens /chicken.
Grammar LA EXPRESIÓN DE LA EXISTENCIA PRESENTE
PASADO
A. "THERE IS": ( SINGULAR)
C. "THERE WAS": ( SINGULAR)
Se emplea "There is" + nombre contable en singular, para indicar la existencia de una unidad en el presente There is a sofa in the sitting room Hay un sofá en el cuarto de estar Se usa "There is" + nombres incontables bles que no pueden usarse en plural como: weather, water y money. There is beer in the fridge Hay cerveza en la nevera.
Se utiliza "There was" + nombre singular o nombre incontable, para referirse a algo en singular o incontable que existió en el pasado. There was a well in the garden Había un pozo en el jardín
-
There was milk in the class leche en el vaso.
Había
D. "THERE WERE": ( PLURAL) B. "THERE ARE": ( PLURAL) Se utiliza "There are" + nombre plurales, para indicar la existencia de varias unidades en el presente There are two beds in our bedroom Hay dos camas en nuestro dormitorio.
Se usa "There were" + nombre plural, para referirse a dos o más unidades que existieron en el pasado. There were many radiators in the loft Había muchos radiadores en el ático. There were two chairs sillas.
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Había dos
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HOME SWEET HOME
Grammar exercises 10. Use: There is, there are; there was; there were: (10
)
a) .......... ......... two sofas in the new living-room. b) When I was young.......... ......... a bed in my bedroom. c) Last year, ......... ...... a television in the living-room. d) ........ ....... two bedside tables in my bedroom. e) ......... ...... an apple tree in the garden. f) ......... ...... a desk in my bedroom but now the desk is in my brother's room. g) .......... ..... five chairs in the dining-room. We bought one more and now ........... .....six. h) ......... ....... several computers in my father's office. i) ......... ....... two toilets in the house. 11. Put the sentences in order: (11
)(
)
a) is/ a/ there/ there/ bathroom/over. ………………………………………….....……………………………………………... b) beds/ are/two/bedroom/the/there/in. ………….…………………………………………………………………………….. c) television/was/ the/ a/in/ there/ sitting-room. ………….…………………………………………………………………………….. d) were/ two/ the/ desks/there/bedroom/ in. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. e) chicken / in/ kitchen/a/is/the/ there. ... ... ... ... .……………………………………………………………………………
EL IMPERATIVO (IMPERATIVE) El imperativo tiene la misma forma que el infinitivo, pero no lleva "To". Por ejemplo: Si estudiamos el verbo "To Be", el imperativo es "Be". El imperativo del verbo "To Move"(cambiar, trasladar, mover) es "Move".
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El imperativo se emplea para dar órdenes, mandatos, sugerencias o hacer peticiones: Move that table !
¡ Mueve esa mesa !
Bring here the chairs !
¡ Trae aquí las sillas !
Please, help me !
¡ Por favor, ayúdame !
Give me a hand !
¡ Échame una mano !
Como en Inglés no hay diferencia entre “tú” y “usted” o “vosotros” y “ustedes”, la forma del imperativo es única: Ej: Open that door ! Podría traducirse por: ¡ Abre (tú) la puerta !
¡ Abra (usted) la puerta !
¡ Abrid (vosotros) la puerta !
¡ Abran (ustedes) la puerta !
IMPERATIVO EN FORMA NEGATIVA: Se utiliza para expresar prohibición.Se antepone DO+NOT al infinitivo: DO NOT ( DON´T )+ infinitivo sin "To". Don't push the furniture !
¡ No empujes los muebles !
Don't run in the house !
¡ No corras dentro de casa !
"LET´S" O "LET US" Esta fórmula es un incoativo que sirve para expresar la idea de que el que manda, sugiere o pide, se incluye a sí mismo en el acto, de modo que se palía la fuerza exhortativa del mismo. Así se usan las fórmulas: "Let's + el infinitivo sin "To": "Let us" + el infinitivo sin "To". Let us move this trunk Let's go!
Movamos este baúl.
Vámonos.
La forma negativa de "Let's" or "Let us" se expresa de dos modos: DON´T let us break the crockery Let's NOT break the crockery
No rompamos la vajilla No rompamos la vajilla
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12. Fill the blanks with the correct imperative: (12
Be careful Be good Be quiet Don´t move
)(
Don´t run Don´t touch Hurry up Help me
)
Let´s go Shut up Sit down Stay here
My name is Helen. I am 25 years old and I am living with some friends at the moment. I like it, but sometimes I think about the old days when I used to go shopping with my mother and my brother. We used to go to a big supermarket by car. In my mother's car, my brother and I used to sing and shout, and she was always telling us: (a)"....... ........" or when she got angrier: (b)"............... .........".We also used jump in the back seats and my mother said: (c)"........... ..........". When we arrived at the supermarket, she told us: "Please, (d)" ........ ......... this time". My brother Mathew and I, used to take a trolley and run around with it, and of course, my mother would always say: (e)"......... .........". Once, we were crossing the road, and a car was coming. My brother didn't see it, and I was on the trolley, and my mother shouted (f)".......... .........". We were all shocked but fortunately we weren't run over by the car. We tended to touch every single thing we liked inside the supermarket, so my mother obviously had to show us how to behave and used to say: (g)"......... ....... anything!", but we didn't stop. We used to play around the place, and she looked for us, and when she found us, she punished us. I remember her telling us: (h)"............ ..........." away from the trolley and (i)"............ ........."by the fruit, I'll be back in a minute". But we couldn't stay in the same place for a long time. After paying the cashier, neither of us wanted to carry the bags, so she would say: (j)".......... ........ with these bags, please! And (k)"......... ......", it's very late. (l)".......... ........" home immediately.
Learning new expressions: PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR (PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE) Una preposición es una palabra que señala la relación entre cosas, personas o acontecimientos. Las preposiciones de lugar indican relaciones en el espacio. Las traducciones son orientativas. Las más importantes son las siguientes: "Inside" dentro de
"In" dentro
"On" sobre
"Under" debajo de
"Opposite" en frente de
"Next to" al lado de
"Near" cerca de
"Outside" fuera de
"Behind" detrás de
"At" en
"Over" por encima de
"Beyond" más allá de
"In front of" delante de
"Between" entre
"Above" encima
"Below" bajo
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Practice 13. Read about the western city where Tom went years ago, and fill the blanks with the correct preposition of place. Be careful, some of them are used more than once. (13 )
In front of Inside Near Next to On (3) Under Up
At Above Behind Below Between In
In Almería, (a)......... the south of Spain, there is a place where some western films were produced in the 60´s. Some years ago I went there with my family. It was just like the cities you watch (b)........ television. The best place was the bar, where all the fights took place and visitors like us could see some actors playing poker, until any of them got angry and started to throw chairs (c).......... the heads of the rest of the players. Some cowboys who were drinking tried to hide (d).......... the tables or (e)...........the counter. (f)........... the saloon, there was a shop, but I didn't like going there. I preferred to see the actors fighting!. Just (g)...........the saloon, crossing the road, there was the sheriff's office. He was sitting (h)........... an armchair with his feet (i)......... his desk, (j)..............this room, there were two cells with some prisoners (k)............ them. (l)......... the shop and the church, there was a hotel. We had to go (m)........ many stairs to reach the entrance, and (n)......... the main door there was a dog who frightened me and I had to ask my father to take me (o)........ his arms. The hotel was full of women who seemed to be flirting with the guests. (p)......... the stage there were other women dancing and singing. Just (q)......... the stage, in the second floor, there was a man who didn't seem very friendly, as he had a big rifle (r) ......... his hands. 14. Fill the blanks of the next sentences with prepositions of place. In some sentences there are several possibilities (14 ) a) I live ..... the south of Spain. b) John is ...... the shop buying some sweets. c) I found my pencil ....... his pencil-case. d) My car is parked .......... my father's car and my brother's motorbike. e) He has all his books open ...... the table while he is studying. f) She found a mouse ......... the pantry eating bread. 51
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PREPOSICIONES DE DIRECCIÓN (PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION) Este tipo de preposiciones van acompañadas de verbos que indican movimiento. Aquí se señalan algunas de las que más aparecen: "From"
"Up"
"On to"
"Along"
"Down"
desde
hacia arriba
sobre
a lo largo de
hacia abajo
"Towards"
"Out of"
"To"
"Into"
"Through"
hacia
fuera de
hacia
dentro de
a través de
Practice 15. Read about Mary's niece, and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition of direction. (15 )( )
Across Along Down From Into On the way
On to Out of Through To Towards Up
I have a niece, she was very nice when she was born, but now she can't keep still. She runs (a)............. the corridor (b) ............. me, and when I am about to hug her, she passes (c)........... my legs, and she keeps on running. When she gets (d)..........the sitting-room, she jumps (e).............. the sofa, even though we always tell her not to do that. She likes going (f).......... the stairs and loves sliding (g)............ them. Unfortunately one day she hurt herself, and she has never done it again. I can still remember taking her (h)......... my parent's house (i)......... the park. I don't know how but she started running (j)........... the road, and I couldn't stop her. Luckily, there weren't any cars coming. (k)............... back home, I held her hand very tight because I was afraid she could run away again. She was so angry with me, that when we got home, she disappeared. I looked for her for a long time and when I finally found her, I had to take her (l)............ the washing-machine, where she was hiding.
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Grammar “SOME” Y “ANY” Ambos son cuantificadores que se usan para hablar de cierta cantidad indefinida. You need some chairs in this room Necesitas algunas sillas en esta habitación. They don't need any desks in the farm No necesitan ningún pupitre en la granja. SOME y ANY van delante de nombres plurales o incontables indistintamente. La regla general dice que SOME va en frases afirmativas y ANY en frases interrogativas y negativas. There are some broken tiles in the roof Hay algunas tejas rotas en el tejado. There aren't any pictures on the walls No hay ningún cuadro en las paredes. Are there any Venetian blinds? ¿Hay alguna persiana? También pueden usarse como pronombres y aparecen sin sustantivo. Is there any milk left? There is some in the fridge Hay algo en el frigorífico
¿Queda algo de leche?
Grammar exercises 16. Use 'Some' or 'Any', according to the meaning of the sentences. (16
)
a) I would like ............ more tea, please. b) Have ....... bread!. Take it from the breadbasket. c) Is there ..........butter left? There is ........ in the fridge. d) I need to drink .....water. e) Children must drink .......milk every day. f) Mum, could you lend me ...... money? No, I already gave you .......yesterday. g) I met .......... English people when I travelled to France but I didn't meet........ Scottish. h) I think he'd like .....cheese with his sandwich. i) I don't have .....cheese left, he ate it all.
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MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF How much ? significa “cuánto” y se usa con nombres incontables. How much money are you going to spend redecorating the farm? ¿Cuánto dinero vas a gastarte en arreglar la granja?
How many significa “cuántos” y se usa con nombres contables How many rooms are there in your house? ¿Cuántas habitaciones hay en tu casa?
A lot of: puede reemplazar tanto a “much” como “many”. Se traduce por “un montón”, “mucho”. Puede utilizarse tanto con nombres contables como incontables. Usar “a lot of” es aconsejable cuando el alumno tenga duda sobre si un nombre es considerado contable o incontable. También se puede utilizar A LOT, sin la preposición “of” cuando no se utiliza ningún nombre detrás How much material will you buy for the curtains? ¿Cuánta tela comprarás para las cortinas? A lot of yards A lot
muchas yardas
mucha.
Grammar exercises 17. Use "how much" or "how many".(17
)
a) .................brothers and sisters have you got? One brother and one sister b) .................loaves of bread did you buy? Three. c) ................ bottles did your father buy for Christmas? About six. d) .................wine did you drink last night? Not much, because I had to drive. e) .................dresses have you got? Many, about 20. f) .................does that skirt cost? 20 pounds. g) .................money have you got in the bank? Very little. h) .................wall paper do you need to redecorate your sitting room? i) .................people went to the party? j) .................trees do you need to plant in your garden? k) .................days will you be away? One week. 54
Using English: Directions
TURN LEFT
GO STRAIGHT ON
TURN RIGHT
AROUND THE CORNER
Listening 18. Listen and write where these people want to go and the directions that they have to follow to get there. (18 )( )( )
HOW?
WHERE? a) b) c) d) e)
19. Look at the map of London and write the directions to get to: (19 a) The National Gallery b) Nelson's Column c) ST. James's Park d) Piccadilly Circus e) Buckingham Palace
YOU ARE HERE
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)
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Writing a composition:structure and ideas Escribir una redacción no es una tarea fácil. Pero para que resulte más fácil deberás seguir una serie de pasos, que ahora te mostraremos:
1. Lo primero que hay que hacer es elegir el tema y luego organizar las ideas Tienes que hacer una lista de ideas sobre el tema. Después tienes que distribuir esas ideas en grupos. Así podrás relacionar las ideas entre sí. Obtendrás varios grupos de ideas, a los que es aconsejable dar un nombre y ordenar según se vayan a presentar en los diferentes párrafos. Los grupos deben crease atendiendo a un tema común, por ejemplo: enumeración de ventajas, o de desventajas.
2. Empieza escribiendo en sucio frases con las ideas que ya has agrupado. Si tienes algún problema de gramática, de ortografía, o de puntuación, márcalo con un círculo para cuando revises tu texto puedas localizarlo con facilidad. Intenta que tus ideas que sigan un orden lógico.
3. Tu redacción debería tener tres partes "Opening": es el comienzo, que corresponde al primer párrafo, es donde se presenta el tema o "topic". "Body": El nudo, se compondrá de los grupos de ideas elaborados con anterioridad. Es aconsejable que le dediques un párrafo a cada grupo de ideas. "Conclusion": en ella se intentan resumir las ideas expuestas anteriormente y responder a las preguntas que se pudieron hacer en el comienzo.
4. Consejos Finales Debes leer todo para buscar y corregir los posibles errores. Pasarás la redacción a limpio una vez se haya revisado la puntuación, la gramática y las faltas de ortografía.
20.Write a composition about one of these topics. Follow the steps above and the following model. (20 )( ) 1. The house of your dreams. 2. Your house at the present time. 3. Is it better to rent or to buy a house?
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MODEL COMPOSITION
BRAINSTORMING DIAGRAM Idea a IDEA 2
Idea b IDEA 3
IDEA TOPIC
“DO YOU PREFER A FLAT IN THE CITY OR A DETACHED HOUSE IN THE COUNTRY?” If I had to choose between a flat in the city, like for example London or Madrid, or a detached house in the country, I would probably choose the detached house. I think the way of life there is more comfortable. Living in a flat in the middle of the city has several advantages. If it is near your job, you don't have to drive many kilometres every day to go to work. In cities there are many cinemas, theatres, and pubs, to have fun. There are also plenty of shops where you can buy whatever you need easily, and many restaurants to go if you don't want to cook. But in cities there is also an important problem: noise. It is produced by cars, ambulances, and crowds of people. In a detached house in the country the air is cleaner than in the city. There is less noise and pollution, because there are not so many cars. Obviously this is better for your health. In a detached house you can have more rooms, like for example a guest room, or an attic. Detached houses have garages so you don't have to look for a place to park your car every day. You can have a swimming pool in the garden and space for your children to run and play without going out of the house. Nowadays, I live in a flat in the city with my parents but I am determined to live in a detached house when I get married. Perhaps the best thing would be: to have a detached house in the middle of the city, but I'm afraid I won't be able to afford such an expensive accommodation.
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2
UNIDAD HOME SWEET HOME
Pronunciation Los sonidos /e/, /c/, /f:/ El sonido /e/ es corto y se parece bastante al sonido /e/ de la vocal española. Leg
/leg/
Best
/best/
Left
/left/
Said
/sed/
El sonido / c/ es muy frecuente en la lengua inglesa. Es también una vocal corta y para pronunciarse hay que dejar los labios muy relajados. Suele aparecer en sílabas no acentuadas. Litter
/'litc/
Tendon /'tend cn/
Countable /'kauntcbl/
Connect /k c'nekt/
El sonido /f:/ es una vocal larga con una pronunciación muy similar a la primera pero se debe pronunciar más tiempo. Word / w f:d/
Fur / f f:r/
World / w f: ld/
Her / hf:r/
21. Place the following words in the column that corresponds. (21
)(
)
Men, Over, Nurse, Bed , Girl, Local, Pen, Egg, Moment, Shirt, Church, Woman
e
c
f:
Cap
Cap
Cap
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Vocabulary Above /c’bv /: encima Aerial /’ecrwcl/: antena Agreed/ c’gri:d/: pactado, de acuerdo Around /c’rand/: alrededor Be well off /bwwelcv/: ser pudiente Behind /bw’hawnd/: detrás Belongings / bw’l c†w†z/: pertenencias 58
Between /bw’twi:n/: entre Beyond /bw’jcnd/: más allá Business /’bwznws/: negocios Ceiling /’si:lw†/: techo Change /t•ewn®/: cambio Consequently /’kcnswkwcntlw/: por consiguiente Detached /dw’tæ±/: separado Determined /dw’tmwnd/: resuelto, empeñado Dining room /’dawnw†rm/: comedor Disturbing /’dwstf:bw†/: perturbador Downshifting /’dan'•wftw†/: cambiar a una vida más cómoda Flirt /flf:t/ (-ed): coquetear Fly /flaw/ (p. flew /flu:/ pp. flown /flcn/): volar Fridge /frw®/: frigorífico Frighten /’frawtn/ (-ed): asustar Garage /’gærY:®/: garaje Gardening /’gY:dnw†/: jardinería Hall /h]:l/: vestíbulo Heat /hi:t/: calor Heavy /’hevw/: pesado Here /hwc r/: aquí Hide /hawd/ (p. hid /hwd/ pp. hidden /’hwdn/): esconder Hug /hg/: abrazo Hurt /hf:t/: herida Left /left/: izquierda Living room /’lwvw†rm/: sala de estar Lonely /’lcnlw/: solo Move / mu:v/ (-ed): mover Outside /at’sawd/: fuera Pantry /’pæntrw/: despensa Punish /’pnw•/ (-ed): castigar Removal van /rw’mu:vcl væn/: camión de mudanzas Retire /rw’tawc r/ (-ed): jubilar Rifle /’rawfl/: rifle, fusil Right /rawt/: derecha, correcto Run (a business) /rn/ (p., ran,pp. run /rn/): dirigir (una empresa) Shout /•at/ (-ed): gritar Slice /slaws/: rebanada Slide /slawd/ (p., pp. slid /slwd/): deslizar Spend /spend/ (p., pp. spent /spent/): gastar Straight /strewt/: recto Through /θru:/: a través de Tight /tawt/:apretado Turn /tf:n/ (-ed): cambio de dirección, girar 59
