The Advantages of Group Relamping
Spot vs. Group Relamping Why Group Relamp Group Relamping is crucial to a successful lighting program aimed at get...
Spot vs. Group Relamping Why Group Relamp Group Relamping is crucial to a successful lighting program aimed at getting the optimum light output at the most effective cost. The more lamps burn, the less light they deliver.
Vs. Spot Relamp Lamp replacement on an as-needed basis, only after lamp has failed Spot Relamping labor cost is generally 5 times greater than Group Replacement labor costs.
Cost of Lighting
Initial Investment/Considerations
Materials: The cost to purchase lamps, luminaries, ballasts & wiring • Lamps: Consider efficacy (LPW) • Ballast: Choice will effect power consumption and light levels • Fixtures: Ability to deliver light where needed?
the
Operating Costs: The electrical energy costs to operate lamps over their life
Maintenance: The cost of replacement lamps and ballasts, and installation labor costs to replace burned out lamps • Labor to Install: Dependent on fixture type and number being installed
Electricity = Lamp Watts X Rated Lamp Life X $ per kWh (Kilowatt Hour) 1000 (W/kW)
Cost of Lighting 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Lamps Labor Electricity
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
1st Qtr
Importance of Group vs. Spot Relamping Lighting System Maintains Higher FC Levels Reduced Labor Costs .20 Minutes/Fixture - Sport Relamping (Higher Hourly Rate) vs. .03 Minutes/Fixture - Group Relamping (Low Hourly Rate)
Fewer Work Interruptions to Replace Spot Failures Labor slated in off peak hours
Lamp to Lamp Color Uniformity Light level uniformity Less Inventory Lamp warranty tracking easier to administer Lamp recycling more cost effective
When to Relamp Fluorescent: 70-80% of Rated Life at Given Burning Cycle
Incandescent/Halogen: 85% of Rated Life HID: Metalarc - 70 to 80% of Rated Life at Given Burning Cycle Lumalux Plus - 70 to 80% of Rated Life at Given Burning Cycle
Importance of Lighting Maintenance Improved Safety and security Maintain lighting efficiency Optimal light output
What Are the Primary Light Loss Factors? Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) Lumen loss over time due to lamps Fluorescent: Degradation of phosphor Incandescent: Gradual evaporation of tungsten electrode material, depositing on the bulb wall HID Lamps: Gradual evaporation of tungsten electrode material, depositing on arc tube wall
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation Lumen loss over time due to dirt accumulation on lamps, luminaires and room surfaces
Failed Lamps Dead lamps and lamps approaching the end of their lives can cause substantial light losses Average rate life of any group of lamps is when 50% have failed Fluorescent - Average rated life based on 3 hrs. per start HID - Average rated life based on 10 hrs. per start Halogen/Incandescent - Not affected by hours per start
Typical Fluorescent Lamp Mortality
Percent Surviving
100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0%
Average Rated Life 50% lamp failures
30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent Rated Life
120
140
160
Average Rated Life Vs. Operating Cycle Fluorescent
Lamp
3 Hours per Start
12 Hours per Start
OCTRON
15,000 Hours
24,000 Hours
OCTRON XP
18,000 Hours
26,000 Hours
Lamp operated on Instant Start Ballast
Average Rated Life Vs. Operating Cycle High Intensity Discharge (HID) Hours per Start
Lamp Life Effect
Greater than 10 Hours per Start
Insignificant
5 Hours per Start
25% Reduction
2 1/2 Hours per Start
50% Reduction
Lamp Lumen Maintenance 100% OCTRON
Percent Inititial Output
90% F40CW/SS
80% F96T12/CW/HO/SS
70% LUMALUX PLUS/ECO
60% 50%
SUPER METALARC 360SS
40% 30% 20% 0
5000
10000
15000
Burning Hours
20000
25000
30000
Lamp Lumen Maintenance Fluorescent
Lamp Type
Lumen Maintenance @ 8000 hours
OCTRON 800XP
95%
OCTRON 700
90%
F40 DESIGNER 800
88%
F40/CW/SS
85%
Typical Fluorescent Lamp Mortality
Percent Surviving
100.0% Relamp at 70- 80% of Rated Life
90.0% 80.0%
- Less than 15% failures at this point
70.0%
- Failure rate increases rapidly after this
60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Percent Rated Life
Economics of Group Vs. Spot Relamp Example Number of Lamps: § 3000 OCTRON FO32/735 lamps
Annual Operating Hours: § 4000 hours (14 hr/day x 5.5 days per week x 52 weeks)
Number of Fixtures: § 1000 3-lamp Parabolic Troffers
Economics of Group Relamp Group Relamp Costs: Group Relamp Every 5 years
Labor Costs*
$3000
$3.00 per fixture X 1000 fixtures
Lamp Cost
$4800
$1.60 per lamp X 3000
Cost for Group Relamp * Labor rate of $15.00/hour & 12 minutes per fixture to change lamps and clean fixture
$7800
Economics of Group Relamp Spot Relamp between Group Relamps: About 15% failures or 450 lamps
Labor Cost*
$2250
$5.00 per lamp X 1000 fixtures
Lamp Costs
$720
$1.60 per lamp X 450
Cost for Spot Replacements * Labor rate of $15.00/hour & 20 minutes per lamps replacement - includes time to carry ladder from storage, get new lamp, replace failed lamp and return ladder
$2970
Economics of Group Relamp Cost for Group Relamp
$7800
Cost for Spot Replacements
$2970
Inventory Management Costs:
$540
5% of total labor & materials
Total Cost of Group Relamp
$11, 310
Every 5 years
Annualized Cost
$2262
Economics of Spot Relamp Spot Relamp Costs over 5 years: Labor Costs*
$8625
$5.00 per lamp X 345 lamps replaced per year on average** X 5 years
Lamp Cost
$3625
$2.10 per lamp X 345 lamps/year X 5 years
Labor & Lamp Costs to Spot Relamp $12,250 * Labor rate of $15.00/hour &20 minutes per lamps replacement - includes time to carry ladder from storage, get new lamp, replace failed lamp and return ladder ** Based on lamp mortality curve it would take 10 years for all the lamps to fail - about 15% of the lamps would be replaced twice - 1.15 X 3000/5 - 345 lamp failures per year
Economics of Spot Relamp Spot Relamp Costs over 5 years: Labor & Lamp Costs Inventory Management Costs
$12,250 $1225
10% of total labor & materials
Total Costs to Spot Relamp Average Annual Cost to Spot Relamp
