Last Updated: June 2012 Federal Update: October 2013

SOUTH DAKOTA LOBBYING REGISTRATION AND REPORTING Lynn, Jackson, Shultz & Lebrun, P.C. (South Dakota) Gene N. Lebrun Foley Hoag LLP (Federal) Tad Heuer and Pat Cerundolo

Table of Contents 1. Federal Registration and Reporting 2. South Dakota Registration and Reporting The following is intended to provide a brief overview of the various potential registration and reporting requirements under federal and South Dakota laws with respect to the lobbying activities of most social sector organizations, both nonprofit and for-profit, including public charities, social welfare organizations and other forms of organization with a social change mission. The lobbying limitations imposed on tax-exempt organizations by the Internal Revenue Code are described in the section entitled Nonprofit Taxation and are not reiterated here. 1. Federal Registration and Reporting Organizations that engage in a specified amount of lobbying activities and lobbying contacts through personnel that receive financial or other compensation are required to register and file disclosure reports under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, as amended (most recently by the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007). Other than religious orders, tax-exempt churches, and their integrated auxiliaries, all social sector organizations— nonprofit as well as for-profit — that otherwise meet the thresholds on lobbying contacts and overall expenses (discussed below) must register and file reports. a. Registration The federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (the “Act”) is intended to reach “professional lobbyists”— those paid to lobby on behalf of an employer or client. Thus, if a social sector organization engages in covered “lobbying contacts” through its own staff that

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exceed the statutory thresholds, that organization must register as a lobbying entity, and must register its individual employee-lobbyists (who are sometimes referred to as “inhouse” lobbyists). If, however, a social sector organization employs lobbyists only from an outside lobbying firm, the outside lobbying firm must register (and identify its social sector client) if its lobbying exceeds the statutory thresholds, but the social sector organization itself is not required to register. All federal lobbying registrations and reports must be filed electronically at a single location, http://lobbyingdisclosure.house.gov/index.html, which covers registration for both the Secretary of the Senate’s Office and the Office of the Clerk of the House. A social sector organization is required to register its employee-lobbyists if it meets the following two conditions: First, the organization must have one or more compensated employees who (a) make more than one “lobbying contact” on behalf of the organization and (b) spend at least 20% of their total time for the organization on “lobbying activities” over a given quarterly reporting period. A “lobbying contact” is a written, oral or electronic communication to a “covered” federal official, (which includes a Member of Congress, congressional staff, and certain senior executive branch officials), with respect to the formulation, modification or adoption of a federal law, regulation, rule, program, or policy, or the administration or execution of a federal program or policy. “Lobbying activities” include not only “lobbying contacts” but also background activities, research, and other efforts that support lobbying contacts. Note that there are also several enumerated exceptions to what constitutes lobbying contacts for purposes of the Act — for instance, they do not include testifying or submitting written testimony, and do not include lobbying either legislators or governmental bodies at the state or local levels. A Section 501(c)(3) organization that has made the “safe harbor” election under Section 501(h) of the Code has the option of using either the Act’s definition of “lobbying activities” or the Internal Revenue Code’s definition of “influencing legislation” to determine the organization’s reporting obligation. Second, the organization must have spent more than $12,500 in a quarterly reporting period on “lobbying activities.” The $12,500 includes salaries, overhead, and other expenses, as well as payments to any outside lobbyists made during the three-month reporting period. This figure is increased periodically for inflation. If an organization hires an outside lobbyist or a lobbying firm, then the outside lobbyist and his/her lobbying firm must register on behalf of the client/organization if he/she (a) makes more than one lobbying contact with a covered official on behalf of that client/organization, (b) spends at least 20% of his/her time for that client/organization in a

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given quarterly reporting period on lobbying activities, and (c) his/her/its total income from that client/organization for lobbying exceeds $3,000 in that quarterly reporting period. Lobbyists are required to be registered within 45 days after either (a) being hired by a client (if the intent is that the lobbyist will make more than one lobbying contact and meet the 20% threshold), or (b) making a second lobbying contact (if the intent to make a second contact did not exist at the outset of the engagement) and meeting (or intending to meet) the 20% threshold. Information required on the registration form, known as the LD-1 form, includes: identification of the lobbyist(s); the client or employer of the lobbyist(s); identification of any foreign entity and its contributions over $5,000 (if the foreign entity owns 20% of the client or controls, plans or supervises its activities); and a list of the general issue areas on which the registrant expects to lobby. b. Reports Registrants under the Lobbying Disclosure Act are required to file both quarterly and semi-annual reports. Quarterly reports by the lobbying entity (either the outside lobbying firm or the employer of in-house lobbyists), also known as LD-2 reports, are to be filed within 20 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Among other items, these reports must include not only the issues lobbied upon, but the bill numbers lobbied upon, the names of the lobbyists, and the Houses of Congress and federal executive branch agencies contacted. Reports must also include a good faith estimate of either lobbying expenditures (for reports filed by organizations who employ in-house lobbyists), or income received from clients (for reports filed by outside lobbyists). Amounts in excess of $5,000 are to be rounded to the nearest $10,000. Semi-annual reports by individual lobbyists, also known as LD-203 reports, are due on January 30 and July 30. The required disclosures in these reports include: the names of all political committees established or controlled by the lobbyist or registered organization; disclosures of contributions by each lobbyist of more than $200 to federal candidates or officeholders, political committees, or leadership PACs; and funds disbursed for events to honor covered government officials, to entities that are named for or “in recognition” of such officials and to entities that are controlled or designated by such officials. The name of each presidential library and inaugural committee to which contributions of at least $200 were made during the semi-annual period must also be reported. Additionally, registrants are required to certify that the organization or person filing the report has read and is familiar with the rules of the House and Senate regarding gifts and travel, and that they are compliant with these rules.

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For more detailed information, the House Clerk maintains a comprehensive Guide to the Lobbying Disclosure Act at http://lobbyingdisclosure.house.gov/amended_lda_guide.html. c. Penalties Amendments in 2007 to the Lobbying Disclosure Act increased the civil penalties for violations of the Act and for failing to remedy a defective filing to up to $200,000. In addition, the amendments imposed criminal penalties for “knowingly and corruptly” failing to comply with the Act, with a maximum of five years’ imprisonment. d. Grassroots Lobbying The Lobbying Disclosure Act only applies to “direct” lobbying—direct communications with covered federal officials, and the “lobbying activities” that the person making the direct communication engages in to prepare for those contacts. “Grassroots” lobbying is not covered. An organization that engages only in grassroots lobbying will not be required under the Act to register and report. e. Congressional Gift and Travel Rules The Lobbying Disclosure Act imposes civil and criminal penalties on registered lobbyists (or organizations that employ them) for violations of congressional gift and travel rules. The Act expressly prohibits any registered lobbyist, any organization that employs them (and is required to register), and any employee required to be listed as a lobbyist from making a “gift” or providing “travel” to a Member of Congress or staffer (and other “covered officials”) if the registrant “has knowledge that the gift or travel may not be accepted” under House and Senate rules. The congressional gift and travel rules, and the numerous exceptions to those rules, are extremely detailed and particularly restrictive with regard to registered lobbyists. No attempt will be made here to summarize those rules. Any questions concerning the applicability of the congressional gift and travel rules to specific situations should be addressed to counsel with specific expertise in this area of law. f. Federal Funds and Grants Grant money and funds under federal contracts may not be used by nonprofits and other organizations for lobbying or for other advocacy or political activities unless authorized by Congress. These restrictions apply to both direct and grassroots lobbying at the federal, state and local levels.

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g. Resources Jack Maskell, Lobbying Regulations on Non-Profit Organizations, CRS Report 96-809 (May 7, 2008). The House gift and travel rules are available online at http://ethics.house.gov/sites/ethics.house.gov/files/documents/2008_House_Ethics_Manu al.pdf The Senate gift and travel rules are available online at http://rules.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=RuleXXXV Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representatives, Guide to the Lobbying Disclosure Act (Effective Jan. 1, 2008; Revised Feb. 15, 2013), http://lobbyingdisclosure.house.gov/amended_lda_guide.html William V. Luneburg, Tomas M. Susman, & Rebecca H. Gordon, The Lobbying Manual: A Complete Guide to Federal Lobbying Law and Practice (4th ed. 2009). 2. South Dakota Registration and Reporting a. Registration The registration and reporting of lobbyist in South Dakota is governed by S.D.C.L. Chapter 2-12. A lobbyist who serves during the legislative sessions must register with the South Dakota Secretary of State on forms prescribed by that office. Unless otherwise exempt from such registration, that includes any person who employs any other person to act as a lobbyist to seek the introduction or legislation or to promote, oppose, or influence in any manner the passage by the Legislature of any legislation affecting the special interest of any agency, individual, association, or business, as distinct from those of the whole people of the state, or to act in any manner as a lobbyist in connection with any such legislation. The Secretary of State keeps a public record of the names, addresses of the employers of such lobbyist and the names, addresses, and occupation of persons employed as lobbyists, including the terms of such employment, and the special subject or subjects of legislation, if any, to which the employment relates. Lobbyist may pay an annual registration fee of Forty Dollars ($40.00) for each employer represented by such lobbyist. There is an additional fee of $5.00 per badge for additional or replacement badges. Each lobbyist must also file with the Secretary of State, within ten days after the date of registration, a written authorization to act as such, signed by his or her employer.

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Lobbyists who are registered with the Secretary of State have a continuing obligation to make or cause to be made additional entries next to his or her name in the Secretary of State’s directory of lobbyist of any further subjects of legislation introduced or arise to which such lobbyist is hired to promote or oppose. Contingent fees based upon the passage or defeat of any proposed legislation is prohibited. State government employees who are otherwise authorized to officially represent their particular department, constitutional office, the Public Utilities Commission, or judicial system, must also register with the Secretary of State, however, no registration fee is required. The Secretary of State issues a different color badge for such government employee lobbyists. All registered lobbyists must have an official name badge issued when they register with the Secretary of State, and they must wear the badge at all times when lobbying. b. Exemptions from Registration Individuals who speak on their own behalf or in the public interest, need not register. Elected members of governing boards of units of local government, as well as persons representing a bona fide church solely for the purpose of protecting the public right to practice the religious doctrines of such church are also exempt for registration as a lobbyist. c. Restrictions on former government employees, etc. No elected officer may act or register as a lobbyist, other than a public employee lobbyist, during a period of one year after the officer’s termination of service in the state government. d. Prohibited activities It is illegal in South Dakota to threaten, to harm, or offer or make bribes of money or other inducements, to offer or to give gifts or other types of consideration, to any person for the purpose of obtaining sponsorship or introduction of legislation influencing the form of legislation, attempting to influence any member of the Legislature to vote for or against any measure pending therein, or for or against any candidate for any office to be elected or appointed by the Legislature, attempting to influence any officer of either house of the Legislature in naming of members and officers of committees, or in the performance of any of his or her duties, or attempting to influence or control the action of any member in relation to any matter coming before the Legislature or any of its

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committees. These restrictions apply to persons, officers, agents, appointees, or employees in the service of the state or the United States, as well. e. Expense Reporting On or before July 1st of the year for which a lobbyist is registered, every lobbyist and every employer of a registered lobbyist shall submit to the Secretary of State a complete and detailed report of all costs incurred for the purpose of influencing legislation. This does not include the personal expense spent upon the lobbyist’s own meals, travel, lodging, phone calls or other necessary personal needs while in attendance at the legislative session. The costs and expenses to be reported do not include the compensation paid by the employer to the lobbyist. Forms for such expense reporting are prescribed by the Secretary of State. The completed reports are open for public inspection. Failure to file timely reports may subject the lobbyist or the employer to administrative penalties of up to $100 per violation. If a person authorized to act as a lobbyist on behalf of an employer does not actually lobby, the expense report is not required. f. Jurisdiction Acting as a lobbyist in South Dakota, whether registered or not, constitutes an act subjecting such a person to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state under its long-arm statute. g. Resources A link to the South Dakota Secretary of State’s website on lobbying can be found at http://www.sdsos.gov/adminservices/lobbyistreg.shtm.

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