Internet history.

eBusiness technology infrastructure MGMT 230 Week 2

After today’s class you will understand: • The development of the Internet and eBusiness • The technological infrastructure required for eBusiness to function – Web hosting alternatives

INTERNET HISTORY

Brief History of the Internet •

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1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet (based on packet-switching) 1970 - First five nodes: UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara, U of Utah 1972: Network email is introduced 1973: The network becomes global: nodes added in UK and Norway. The term “internet” is first used 1974 - TCP specification published by Vint Cerf. First commercial ISP is launched 1979: USENET forms to host news and discussion groups. 1982 –The Internet with its 1000 hosts converts en masse to using TCP/IP as a common protocol 1983: The Domain Name System (DNS) establishes the .edu, .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net, and .int system for naming websites. 1989: Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML and HTTP and the Web is born Internet history timeline

The Web is not the Net • https://youtu.be/scWj1BMRHUA – Explanation from Vsauce (Michael Stevens)

A short history of e-business • Email introduced in 1972 • Desktop computing became the norm for business in the mid-to-late 1980’s • 1989 - World Wide Web devised – text only until 1993, when the image tag was introduced into html – this fueled commerce on the web eg.

• yahoo.com (1994 ) amazon.com (1995) ,ebay.com (1995), google.com (1998)

• By 1997 virtually every major company, organization, government, and media outlet had a web presence • Internet boom lasted until 2001 when the “dot-com bust” occurred • Since 2001 organizational and commercial use of the internet has matured, and now “all business is eBusiness” • Business processes have become increasingly “network-centred” with cloud computing being the major trend of the past few years • Up in Google’s Cloud (CBS) (video 5 minutes)

Some uses of the internet in 2016? • Write down all of the things that businesses, organizations and consumers use the internet for in 2016

E-BUSINESS: THE TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

What *is* the internet? • “The internet is a physical thing, but the web is an agreement that we will use http and html” Boair Qin via twitter • Andrew Blum: Discover the physical side of the internet (TED talk 11 minutes) • The internet is also an agreement that we will use common protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, VoIP, POP3 etc

What is the technology that underlies eBusiness? • Computer networks (LANs, WANs) joined by routers to the Internet • The Internet includes the hardware that connects the computers, and the hardware that connects the networks • The computers themselves (clients and servers) run a variety of software (OS, DBMS, server software, etc) Managing Information Technology. 7th Ed. Brown et al. Pearson 2012

Speed of transmission and bandwidth (capacity) 50,000 bits (ie. 1s and 0s)=1 page of data

1,000,000 bits = 1 page of 3 billion bytes (8 bits=1 a graphic byte) or 3 gigabytes = 1 hour of HD video

10 pages via a 56 kps modem (analog phone line) = 9 seconds

10 pages of graphics via a 56 kps modem (analog phone line) = 3 minutes

1 hour HD video via a 56 kps modem (analog phone line) = 5 days

10 pages via a 1 million bps DSL line = 0.5 second

10 pages of graphics via a 1 million bps (mbps) DSL line = 10 seconds

1 hour HD video via a 1 million bps DSL line = 6.66 hours

1 hour HD video via a 30 mbps fiber-to-thepremises line = 13.33 minutes Bandwidth determines what types of communication – voice, data, graphics, video – can reasonably be transmitted over a particular medium Managing Information Technology. 7th Ed. Brown et al. Pearson 2012

Web servers • Web servers comprise – Hardware eg. Dell, Oracle, IBM, HP etc (or custom built from components like the servers that Google uses) – Operating system software eg. Windows, Unix, Linux etc – Web server software eg. Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services), Apache

• Main job of a web server is to respond to and process http requests from web browsers running on client computers Managing Information Technology. 7th Ed. Brown et al. Pearson 2012

How a simple (2 tier architecture) web server works on the Internet

Static html pages

Source: Electronic Commerce 7th ed. Schneider. Thompson. 2006

Dynamic content needed for eBusiness • Static web page is prewritten and simply retrieved from the server • Dynamic page is created on-the-fly by a program in response to a users request • Example:

– Customer wants to enquire about the status of their order – enters order number into a form on a web page – Server sends a query to a database in a higher tier – Generates a dynamic webpage that contains the answer to the customer’s query

• Dynamic page generation technologies include Active Server Pages (asp), PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (php), JavaServer Pages (jsp) Managing Information Technology. 7th Ed. Brown et al. Pearson 2012

Three tier client/server framework to handle eCommerce transactions

https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/PCI_DSS_v2_eCommerce_Guidelines.pdf

Demands on eCommerce servers • Transaction processing sites need to be available 24/365 • Need fast and reliable hardware • Spare capacity for handling demand spikes • Must ensure sufficient bandwidth is available – Very simple calculation to arrive at a broad estimate of bandwidth requirement for a small business: File size being served multiplied by number of requests = bandwidth requirement

Managing Information Technology. 7th Ed. Brown et al. Pearson 2012

Key elements of a B-to-C electronic commerce system –The week after next we will look at the requirements for implementing basic eCommerce –Next week we will look at how to select and activate a domain name –Now we will turn to the problem of finding a suitable web host for your site

WEB SERVER AND HOSTING BASICS

Server/Hosting basics • Main options for getting a site online – Dedicated server • Co-located server or on premises server

– Shared (or virtual) server • “traditional” web hosting • Cloud based offerings (eg. Amazon Web Services)

Dedicated server, co-location, managed hosting • A dedicated server has only your website on it • Choices for a dedicated server 1.

The server hardware and software is owned by you and located on your own premises

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The server hardware and software is owned by you but located in a data centre or server farm on the premises of an ISP (this is called a Co-located server)

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The server hardware and software may be owned by the ISP, located on their premises, and managed by them

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In the case of a co-located server, the contract may also include management (backups, maintenance etc)

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Used by medium and large businesses – as an example: Telus has a variety of “managed hosting” options (starting at around $500 - $600 per month)

Shared or (virtual) servers – “traditional” web hosting for SMEs • • 

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Your site shares a server with many other web sites, but you have your own domain name The best choice for SMEs so long as a reputable host is used Advantages: – Relatively cheap eg. Telus Small Business Shared Hosting or HostPapa – Easy to use - the service provider does all the work Disadvantages of “traditional” web hosts for SMEs – May be limitation in features available (such as scripting and database support) due to security concerns – The more sites you share the server with, the more likely there are to be problems (especially if other sites are busy) – Sometimes too cheap – be careful and know the risks.

Shared or (virtual) servers – cloud-based offerings for firms of all sizes

• Becoming very popular in the last few years – biggest provider is Amazon Web Services • Payment model is very different – “pay only for what you use” in terms of storage, computing power, bandwidth etc • Used by some of the biggest names in the business, such as Netflix (3 minute case study video)

Things to think about in selecting a web hosting firm • Cost • Services you need…for example: – – – –

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Bandwidth (how much do you need?) Email accounts eCommerce functionality Scripting / database environment

Where is the server farm located? Reputation of the firm Service Level Agreement (read the fine print) Availability of tech support, amount of downtime etc (research the firm first)