An Unconventinal and Innovative Solar Power Conversion Approach for Low FiT and Low Quality Grids. Fatih KAVASLAR Mavisis Teknoloji
An Unconventinal and Innovative Solar Power Conversion Approach for Low FiT and Low Quality Grids Fatih KAVASLAR Mavisis Teknoloji
LOW VOLTAGE GRID ...
An Unconventinal and Innovative Solar Power Conversion Approach for Low FiT and Low Quality Grids Fatih KAVASLAR Mavisis Teknoloji
LOW VOLTAGE GRID POWER QUALITY
Advanced grid-tie inverters could support the grid and control the voltages between certain limits near the endpoints of the LV grid by reactive power regulation. But to overcome out of tolerance Voltage problems and other kind of Power Quality Problems other types of Power Conditioners are necessary.
REFERENCE: IEA PVPS TASK-10
GRID TIE INVERTERS UNDER ABNORMAL GRID CONDITIONS •
Voltage Variations
•
Time Delays prevent unnecessary trips in case of temporary grid faults.
•
Frequency Variations
IEEE 1547
IEC61727
VDE0126-1-1
Voltage Interval (%)
Trip Time (s)
Voltage Interval (%)
Trip Time (s)
Voltage Interval (%)
Trip Time (s)
V < 50
0.16
V < 50
0.10
110 ≤ V < 85
0.2
50 ≤ V < 88
2.00
50 ≤ V < 85
2.00
110 < V < 120
1.00
110 < V < 135
2.00
V ≥ 120
0.16
V ≥ 135
0.05
IEEE 1547
IEC61727
VDE0126-1-1
Frequency Interval (Hz)
Trip Time (s)
Frequenc y Interval (Hz)
Trip Time (s)
Frequency Interval (Hz)
Trip Time (s)
59.3 < f < 60.5*
0.16
fn-1 < f < fn+1
0.2
47.5 < f < 50.2
0.2
* 30 kW tan küçük sistemlerde frekans kontrolüne katılım için alt sınır ayarlanabilir
•
After trip reclose condition
IEEE 1547
IEC61727
VDE0126-1-1
88 < V < 110 [%] and 59.3 < f < 60.5 [Hz]
85 < V < 110 [%] and fn-1 < f < fn+1 [Hz] and Min. delay of 3 minutes
N/A
LV Grid Power Quality Problems Normal Sinusoidal Waveform
Noise
Transients
Voltage Dip
Harmonic Distortion
Blackout
Spike
Voltage Swell
POWER QUALITY ACCORDING TO THE STANDART EN 50160 •
Voltage variations should be in the tolerance band ±10% .
•
Frequency variations should be in the tolerance band ±1% .
•
Voltage dips: duration < 1 second, Level < 60%
•
Voltage Harmonic Levels: VTHD should be less than 8%.
•
Voltage imbalance between phases should be less than 3%.
REFERENCE: EN-50160
LV Grid Fault Statistics : Norway Number of Voltage dips per site per year 25 20 15 0-10
10
10-40 40-70
5 90-70 40-70
0
90-70
10-40 0-10
Duration of the Voltage dips [s] REFERENCE: EFI
Amplitude of Voltage dV/V [%]
LV Grid Availability: NORWAY vs DAGLICA GRID AVAILABILITY-NORWAY
REFERENCE: EFI
A=99.998%
GRID AVAILABILITY-DAGLICA
0-10
0-10
10-40
10-40
40-70
40-70
90-70
90-70
90-110
90-110
REFERENCE: GLOBAL TOWER
A=23.100%
POWER CONDITIONERS TO SOLVE POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS Line-Interactive Input
Double Conversion Output
~=
Input Bi-directional Converter
~=
Rectifier
Output
Inverter
Batteries
Batteries
Pasive Stand-by Input
=~
Delta Conversion Output
~= Batteries
Bi-directional Converter
Input
~=
Rectifier
=~
Batteries
Inverter
Output
POWER CONDITIONER Double Conversion
INPUT
~
Batteries
=
=
~
OUTPUT
PC CONFIGURATION IN A TYPICAL BUSINESS ENTERPRICE ( IT, TELECOM, MEDICAL, INDUSTRIAL,.. )
GRID
Transfer Switch
Double Conversion Power Conditioner
Non-Critical Loads
Critical Loads BACK-UP GENERATOR
Batteries DC BUS (400-600 VDC)
PC CONFIGURATION IN A TYPICAL SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRICE
EMERGENCY LIGHTS
Double Conversion Power Conditioner
SERVER
COMPUTERS, PRINTERS, ETC.
CONVENTIONAL METHOD GRID TIE PV INVERTER FOR POWER GENERATION DOUBLE CONVERSION POWER CONDITIONER FOR POWER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRID-TIE PV INVERTER ENERGY LOSSES: 3-6%
DOUBLE CONVERSION POWER CONDITIONER ENERGY LOSSES: 10-20%
CONVENTIONAL METHOD GRID TIE PV INVERTER FOR POWER GENERATION DOUBLE CONVERSION POWER CONDITIONER FOR POWER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRID-TIE PV INVERTER ENERGYLOSSES: 3-6%
DOUBLE CONVERSION POWER CONDITIONER ENERGY LOSSES: 10-20%
SUGGESTED MULTIFUNCTIONAL POWER CONVERTER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION, POWER CONDITIONING &ENERGY SAVING
Energy Losses K2&K3 vanish Energy Savings: 5-15%
SUGGESTED MULTIFUNCTIONAL POWER CONVERTER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION, POWER CONDITIONING &ENERGY SAVING
Transfer Switch
POWER CONDITIONER
Non-critical Loads
GRID 6 x MPPT
Critical Loads Charge&Discharge UNIT
BACK-UP GENERATOR Photovoltaic Modul Arrays
DC BUS (360 VDC) Batteries
TYPICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION AND POWER CONSUMPTION PROFILES
POWER CONSUMPTION OF CRITICAL LOADS
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER
COMPARISION CONVENTIONAL PV POWER GENERATION
MAVİ SOLAR MULTIFUNCTIONAL POWER CONVERTER
ENERGY COMSUMPTION of CRITICAL LOADS
240 kWh
240 kWh
POWER CONDITIONING LOSSES
50 kWh
19 kWh
PV INVERTER LOSSES
4 kWh
2 kWh
ENERGY SAVINGS
-
33 kWh
GRID VOLTAGE OUT OF TOLERANCE
Grid disconnected PV Power wasted
Grid side converter disconnected PV Power routed to critical loads
REACTIVE POWER from GRID
24 kVAr
1 kVAr
GRID SIDE POWER FACTOR
0.7
0.99
20kWp System
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
‘’LOGO YAZILIM’’ APPLICATION
•
The project is developed for LOGO YAZILIM, which is the Turkey’s biggest software company.
•
The application site is in Gebze near Istanbul.
•
The Power consumption of mission critical AC Loads are 3 Phase 24kVA.
•
Photovoltaic Power on the roof is 20kW with 6 strings of different sizes. (Because of the obstacles like air conditioners on the roof)
•
15 minute back-up battery group and back-up generator.
•
Project Development : by Cleanglobe ( a Turkish Consulting & PD company)
•
Photovoltaic Modules: by Cleanglobe total 20kW of 185W 36Vmpp MonoXTAL
•
Power Electronics: by Mavisis Teknoloji ( an innovative Turkish inverter manufacturer which received 3 times innovation awards.) •
30kVA AC Uninterruptible Power, 6 x 400-750VDC MPPT inputs for each PV String, 30kW bi-directional grid side converter
OZDERE APPLICATION (Turkey’s largest Off-grid installation)
OZDERE APPLICATION (Turkey’s largest Off-grid installation) •
The project is developped for Izmir Municipality to supply wireless trunks.
•
The Site is in Ozdere near izmir.
•
The Subcontractors of the project are: •
Aselsan : Turkey’s biggest defence industry company
•
Global Tower : Turkey’s biggest tower services provider which builds and operates GSM towers and basestation sites.
•
Denba: A Turkish telecom company who is the solution provider for Gloabal Tower & Turkcell.
•
Photovoltaic Modules: by Cleanglobe, total 42 kW with 185W 36Vmpp MonoXTAL
•
Battery Back-up: by Turkey’s biggest battery manufacturer Mutlu Aku, •
Total 700Ah 360VDC VRLA batteries.
•
Generator Back-up: by Isbir: a Turkish alternator and genset producer ,especially for defense industry.
•
Power Electronics: by Mavisis Teknoloji ( an innovative Turkish inverter manufacturer which received 3 times innovation awards.) •
7.5 kVA AC Uninterruptible Power,
•
6 x 400-750VDC Battery charging MPPT inputs for each PV String
