Author’s Acknowledgements I am very grateful to everyone who has contributed to Georgian Language For English Speakers (Level II, with CD). My thanks to: • Ann Marie Yastishock, Scott Whitmore, Michael Andruchov for their continual advice and encouragement; • Archil Tsagareli for producing the CD, the actors: Kakha Gogidze, Tamuna Nikoladze, Tiko Katamashvili for their voices; • Giorgi Navrozashvili computer manager; • All my editors; • My publisher Grigol Tarashvili and his group; • Tamta Tabukashvili - cover and book designer; • All the teachers who piloted the material, especially teacher and proofreader Rusudan Margishvili; • Proofreaders: Tomas Bodine, Andrea Dickson and Nino Sharashenidze, for their encouraging, detailed advice and constructive reports; • Leila Geguchadze and Kakha Gabunia for taking over as editors so calmly and effectively. This book was published with support from the U.S. Embassy in Tbilisi. First edition 2007 © nana SavTvalaZe, 2007, # 2859, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo qarTuli ena inglisurenovanTaTvis II, Tan erTvis CD © nana SavTvalaZe, 2007, vaSingtoni, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi qarTuli ena inglisurenovanTaTvis II ilustraciebi – saavtoro ufleba miRebulia 2005 wels © Nana Shavtvaladze, 2007 Tbilisi, Georgia Georgian Language For English Speakers II © Nana Shavtvaladze, November 2007 # Washington, D.C. USA Georgian Language For English Speakers II Images Corel-12 - Copyright © 2005 Nana Shavtvaladze and its licensors All rights reserved. enis skola, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo Language School, Tbilisi, Georgia seria – biliki (done II) Seria – Biliki (Level II)



winasityvaoba wigni “qarTuli ena inglisurenovanTaTvis”, seria B”biliki” (done II), warmoad­ gens saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli eniT dainteresebul inglisurenovan ucxoelTaTvis. am wigniT yvela dainteresebul ucxoels saSualeba eZleva, gaecnos ara mxolod qarTul enas, aramed _ qarTul kulturas, qarTvelTa xedvas, yofas, cxovrebis wessa da Cveulebebs. • wigni agebulia Tanamedrve meTodologiiT; • sakomunikacio aspeqtiT dayofilia Temebad; • gramatikuli masala mowodebulia martivad, sqematurad da inglisur masalasTan Sedarebis saSualebiT; • wigni Sedgeba 16 karisagan; • TiToeul karSi warmodgenilia mocemul Temaze agebuli teqsti, ucxo sityvebi, dialogi, 11 savarjiSo. savarjiSoebSi mravalsaxadaa gameorebuli axali masala, raTa advilad aiTvisos studentma; • wigns sul axlavs 4 testi: yoveli oTxi gakveTilis Semdeg moTavsebulia testi, sadac kidev erTxel meordeba da mowmdeba oTx TemaSi mocemuli masala; • wigns erTvis: . testebis pasuxebi; . warmodgenil zmnaTa uRlebaTa cxrilebi; . anbanis mixedviT dalagebul zmnaTa saZiebeli; . gamatikis samyaro. aq terminebiT datvirTuli Teoriebi ki ar aris warmodgenili, aramed warmoCenilia masala praqtikuli xedviT, garkveuli sistemiT; . wigns axlavs 800 sityvisgan Semdgari leqsikoni; . CD, romelzec Cawerilia dialogebi yoveli karidan.

IntroductIon

The “Georgian Language for English Speakers,” is the second book in the “Biliki” series (level II). It is a textbook for English speakers who are interested in studying the Georgian language. With the help of this book, students not only study the Georgian language, but also become familiar with Georgian culture, lifestyle, national views, habits, and traditions. • The book is designed in accordance with modern teaching methodologies • It is divided into units based on the immediate communication needs of pre-intermidiate level students • Georgian grammar is explained by means of easy charts and is compared with English grammar • The book consists of 16 units and four tests • Each unit consists of a text on various topics, new words, a dialogue, and eleven exercises. New words and phrases are repeated several times throughout the exercises for better comprehension • The book has a comprehensive reference section at the back, which includes: . A glossary of 800 vocabulary words; . Answer-keys to the unit tests; . All verbs conjugated in all tenses by unit; . A grammar reference section which is based on practical use, rather than overloaded with unnecessary linguistic terms; . CD.  In the glossary, Georgian verbs are given in the present simple tense, third person, with the corresponding form of the future tense.



sarCevi 1.

kari I

yofilxarT saqarTveloSi? (Have you been in Georgia?) 2. gramatika: zmna _ TamaSi, cxovreba, swavla, laparaki, muSaoba, keTeba, yidva, simRera, momzadeba, dapatiJeba, gatareba, wera, nadiroba (present perfect) – I Type 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv 1. 2.

kari II 3. 1. 2.

kari III

3.

kari V

I.

kari VI

erTi ojaxis cxovreba (One family’s life) 17 gramatika: zmna _ waReba, wayvana, motana, moyvana (awmyo dro), movla, darekva, gauToveba, garecxva, dalageba, gadaxda (present perfect) – I Type. nawilakebi _ arc..., arc ... leqsika Temis irgvliv aveji (Furniture) 25 gramatika: zmna _ ndoma, yola, qona, siyvaruli, mowoneba, goneba,SeZleba, sixaruli (imperfect) – II Type. Tandebuli _ gan leqsika Temis irgvliv



tansacmeli (Clothing) 36 gramatika: zmna _ dafaseba, Segroveba, povna, moZebna (present perfect) – I Type. sityvaTwarmoeba, daboloeba _ ebul-i. obieqti - zmnaSi. gansazRvrebebis rigi winadadebaSi 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

testi (1-4)

Sinauri cxovelebi (Pets) 51 gramatika: zmna _ waReba, wayvana, motana, moyvana, micema, yefa (present perfect) – I/IV Type. nawilakebi _ xom/xom ar 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

8

1. 2.

kari IV

1. 2.

46

kari VII

kari VIII

II. kari ØIX

1. 2.

muzeumebi (Museums) 61 gramatika: zmna _ datkboba, damSvideba, gabrazeba, momsaxureba, gaTboba, daintereseba (present perfect) – III Type. kavSirebi _ Tu/an/an....an/sadac 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv erTi dRe (One day) 71 gramatika: zmna _ adgoma, dajdoma, dawola, dawyeba, damTavreba, dabruneba, daZineba, gaRviZeba (present perfect) – I/III Type. nawilakebi _ unda/iqneb/nu. Tandebuli _ viT. sufiqsi _ indel-i 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

1. 2.

sakancelario nivTebi (Office Supplies) 82 gramatika: zmna _ gadaReba, dabeWdva, gaWedva, gafuWeba (present perfect) – I/III Type. ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi _ vinme/rame...… uaryofiTi nawilakebi _ aRar/veRar/nuRar 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

1. 2.

testi (5-8)

92

1. 2.

97

3.

SekveTebi (Orders) gramatika: zmna _ Targmna, mosmena, yureba, SekveTa (present perfect) – I Type. mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli – maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri _ romelic. sufiqsi _ ian leqsika Temis irgvliv



kari X

1. 2.

3.

sastumros dajavSna (Booking a Hotel) 108 gramatika: zmna _ Setyobineba, Cveneba, moxerxeba, dagvianeba, datoveba, dajavSna (present perfect) – I Type. mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi – maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi _ vinc/rac... uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebi _ araferi/veraferi/nuraferi leqsika Temis irgvliv

manqanis SekeTeba (Car Repair) 117 gramatika: zmna _ gakeTeba, gagiJeba, damSvideba, gaZneleba, garTuleba, gamartiveba, gafarToeba, daviwroeba, gawiTleba, gaRaribeba, gamdidreba (present perfect) – III Type. sityvawarmoeba, D daboloeba _ ebul-i. Tandebuli _ gamo. pirdapiri-iribi naTqvami, III piri _ o. 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv 1. 2.

kari XI

kari XII

1. 2.

3.

III. kari XIII



zRvaze (At the sea) 128 gramatika: zmna _ Woraoba, eWvianoba, keklucoba, grZnoba, xumroba, nerviuloba, sinanuli, siCqare, wvaleba, qiraoba (present perfect) – I Type. zmnizedaYTandebulis funqciiT _ qveS. leqsika Temis irgvliv

testi (9-12)

138

abrebi da sagzao niSnebi (Signboards) 144 gramatika: zmna _ ndoma, yola, qona, siyvaruli, mowoneba, goneba, SeZleba, sixaruli (future, aorist) – II Type 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

1. 2.

tradiciuli suvenirebi (Traditionals Souvenirs) 155 gramatika: zmna _ ndoma, yola, qona, siyvaruli, mowoneba, goneba, SeZleba, sixaruli (optative) – II Type. Tandebuli _ mixedviT. 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

1. 2.

kari XIV

1. 2.

kari XV 3.

kari XVI

IV.

Tavis mowesrigeba (Morning dress up (toilet) 166 gramatika: zmna _ gageba, miReba, garecxva, gaxexva, gaparsva, Sekvra, Cacma, wasma, gaxda, dasxma (conditional) – I Type. sityvawarmoeba, daboloeba _ obiT. Tandebuli _ magivrad/nacvlad. leqsika Temis irgvliv

xasiaTebi da unarebi (Characteristics and Skills) 178 gramatika: zmna _ sicili, Rimili, tirili, Civili, yvirili (conditional) – I Type. Tandebuli _ garda. sityvawarmoeba, prefiqs-sufiqsi _ u——o. 3. leqsika Temis irgvliv

1. 2.

testi (13-16)

188

testis pasuxebi

(Test Answers)

193

zmnebi

(Verbs)

200

zmnis cxrili

(Conjugation Table)

226

gramatikis samyaroSi

(Grammar)

232

leqsikoni

(Dictionary)

246



1

kari pirveli yofilxarT saqarTveloSi?

gazafxulis grili, SesaniSnavi saRamo iyo. Zvelma mego­ brebma erTmaneTi naxes. isini restornis aivanze iyvnen. didi xnis unaxavi megobrebi saubrobdnen, Tu ra moxda saintereso maTs cxovrebaSi. manana argentinis araCveulebrivi ambebis Sesaxeb laparako­ bda, sabina _ saqarTveloSi gatarebuli drois Sesaxeb. manana: _ ra aris axali? Tu gimuSavia amerikis elCTan er­ Tad? sabina: _ ki, rogor ara! Cemi samuSaoc es iyo. gvimuSavia da gvikeTebia kidec erTad bevri rame. axla Sen Tqvi, ra naxe argentinaSi, sad cxovrobdi, iswavle maTi ena? manana: _ ki, karg adgilas vcxov­ robdiT, centrSi. xalxi Zalian Tbi­ li da yuradRebiania. espanuri ena kargad viswavle, vnaxe bevri rame. Sen Tu yofilxar svaneTSi, raWaSi, varZiaSi? sabina: _ svaneTsa da raWaSi _ ara. saelCodan eqskursia jer ar yofila. varZiaSi ki vyofilvar, araCveulebrivia. manana: _ albaT, Sen ukve yvela qarTuli, tradiciuli saW­ meli giWamia da mravalgvari Rvinoc dagilevia. sabina: _ ki, xinkali momwons, magram qa­ rTveli kacebiviT aT cals ver vWam. yvelaze bevri _ sami SemiZlia SevWamo. dawere rame axali argentinaSi gatarebuli drois Ses­ axeb? manana: _ bolomde ar damiweria. axla vwer da mere gaCveneb. Cems qmars, robins, is qveyana moswons da samuSaoc kargi aqvs. Tan, xom ici, rogori niWi aqvs enebis Seswavlis? sabina: _ roca laparakobs, albaT, yvela fiqrobs, rom adgilobrivi mcxovrebia.



axali sityvebi:

aqauri iqauri es-es aris ukve odesme arasdros, arasodes jer ara kidec kultura namdvilad gegma vertmfreni mcxovrebi niWi yuradReba yuradRebiani di plomatiuri mravalgvari ganTqmuli gatarebuli araCveulebrivi SesaniSnavi uCveulo daujerebeli unaxavi yofila SevTanxmdiT! uCndeba (ga-)

local, from here foreign, from there just (adv.) already ever never not yet even culture really plan helicopter inhabitant talent attention attentive diplomatic varied, various famous spent (time) extraordinary remarkable unusual incredible, unbelievable

kari 1

who hasn’t, haven’t seen

has been Agreed! jhf

9

var xar aris varT xarT arian

gramatikis samyaroSi  Present Perfect Tense (prev.)/mi

———— ia (prev.)/gi ———— ia (prev.)/u ———— ia

gvi ———— ia gi ———— iaT u ———— iaT



Verbs with the Present Tense endings —ob, —eb, —i, —0 I Type form the Present Perfect with the mi-, gi-, u-, gviprefixes and the _ia(T) endings shown above. –ob, and

_ me _ Sen _ is _ Cven (me da qeTi) _ Tqven (Sen da qeTi) _isini (is da qeTi)

kari 1

daimaxsovreT!

Subject Dative levans

_i are dropped from the Present Tense stem before adding

vyofilvar yofilxar yofila vyofilvarT yofilxarT yofilan

Verb Present Perfect uTamaSia

Object Nominative burTi

_ia(T): vTamaSob _ miTamaSia TamaSob _ giTamaSia TamaSobs _ uTamaSia mReris _ umReria cxovrobs _ ucxovria swavlobs _ uswavlia laparakobs _ ulaparakia yidulobs _ uyidia muSaobs _ umuSavia note: vmuSaob _ mimuSavia; vTevzaob _ miTevzavia; –eb ending is kept in the Present Tense stem of verbs we have studied: vakeTeb _ gamikeTebia akeTeb _ gagikeTebia akeTebs _ gaukeTebia ——————————————————————————— amzadebs _ mo/daumzadebia patiJebs _ daupatiJebia atarebs _ gautarebia —0 ending: vwer _ damiweria wer _ dagiweria wers _ dauweria  The verb to be forms the Present Perfect differently. The 10 subject is in the Nominative case:



savarjiSoebi:

1. aRniSneT, romelia swori informacia: nimuSi: Zvelma, didi xnis unaxavma, megobrebma erTmaneTi naxes. 1. manana saberZneTis araCveulebrivi ambebis Sesaxeb laparakobda. 2. sabinas amerikis elCTan erTad umuSavia. 3. mananam espanuri ena ver iswavla. 4. sabinas tradiciuli qarTuli saWmelebi uWamia. 5. robins enebis Seswavlis niWi aqvs.



2. gadaiyvaneT zmnebi present perfect droSi:  nimuSi: mama manqanas akeTebs. mamas manqana gaukeTebia. 1. skoti vaSingtonSi gatarebul droze saubrobs. __________________________________________________ 2. Cven amerikis elCTan erTad vmuSaobdiT. __________________________________________________ 3. ofisidan telefoniT xSirad vlaparakobdi. __________________________________________________ 11

4. mananam da robinma argentinaSi dro sainteresod gaatares. __________________________________________________ 5. ucxoelebi qarTul xinkals gemrielad Wamen. __________________________________________________ 6. _Tqven werT werilebs? _diax, vwer. __________________________________________________ 7. Cven mTavrobidan samoci stumari davpatiJeT. __________________________________________________ 8. argentinelebma bevri ifiqres axali gegmis Sesaxeb. __________________________________________________ 9. ivlisSi borjomis parkSi bevrs vseirnobdiT. __________________________________________________ 10. Sexvedraze bavSvebi burTs TamaSobdnen. __________________________________________________ 3. SearCieT zmnis swori forma:  nimuSi:

me wels saberZneTSi ar viyavi/ ar vyofilvar/ ar var/ 1. odesme akeTebT/ gaakeTebT/ gagikeTebiaT/ es saqme? 2. aq yazbegelebma kargi xinkali amzadeben/ moamzades/ moumzadebiaT/ 3. aq studentebs mravali bednieri wuTi gavatarebT/ gautarebiaT/ vatarebT/ 4. Tqven WamT/ SeWameT/ giWamiaT/ qarTuli xaWapuri? 5. –bodiSi, mas ar TamaSobs/ uTamaSia/ iTamaSebs/ 6. elCi arasodes vpatiJeb/ davpatiJeb/ dagvi patiJebia/ 7. jer ar vyidulob/ viyidi/ miyidia/ axali manqana. 8. ninom axali wigni SesaniSnavad wers/ dawera/ dauweria/

12

4. gaxseniT frCxilebi da CasviT saxeli swori brunvis formiT:  nimuSi:

[megobrebi] —­megobrebs—­ kargi dro gautarebiaT.

kari

1. [deda] —————— saWmeli jer ar moumzadebia. 1 2. [ivane javaxiSvili] ___________________________ saqarTvelosTvis bevri ram gaakeTa. 3. [me da Cemi megobrebi] ———————————————— ——————— arasdros gvinadiria. 4. [Cven] —————— isini koncertze ar dagvi patiJebia. 5. guSin [prezidenti] —————————————— SesaniSnavi rameebi ulaparakia. 6. dRes [biWebi] ———— fexburTi kargad ver iTamaSes. 7. [niko] ————— aseTi kargi wigni jer ar dauweria. 8. am tbaze [papamisi] —————————— ar uTevzavia. 9. [ken kolinzi] ————— ori weli icxovra afrikaSi. 10.[delegacia] ­———————————— xval mofrinavs. 5. mousmineT dialogs da Semdeg waikiTxeT: track 2

yofilxarT saqarTveloSi?

_skot, Zalian kargad laparakobT qar­ Tulad, iciT bevri ram saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. axla erTi kiTxva maqvs: adrec yofilxarT saqarTveloSi? _iciT, saintereso SekiTxvaa. ara, ar vyofilvar. _aba, qarTuli sad iswavleT? _vaSingtonSi, di plomatiur skolaSi. iq Zalian kargi maswavleblebi myavda: qalbatoni nana da qalbatoni lali. me maTTan xSirad misaubria, milaparakia qarTuli kulturis Sesaxeb. bevri mifiqria da miweria kidec saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. _namdvilad kargad laparakobT da Tan SesaniSnavi maswav­ leblebic gyavdaT. ramdeni xani iqnebiT saqarTveloSi? _albaT, kidev ori weli. _ra gegmebi gaqvT? risi naxva gnebavT? _ar minaxavs yazbegi, svaneTi, raWa. yvelgan minda wasvla. vici, gzebze problemebia, magram Cems TanamSromlebTan 13

erTad yazbegSi vertmfreniT vfiqrob gamgzavrebas. _rodis? mec ar vyofilvar da Zalian minda naxva. _jer ar vici, vnaxoT, imedi maqvs! _kargi. yazbegi ulamazesia, Tan ganTqmulia xinkliT. me ki iqauri xinkali ar miWamia. _ho, amboben. kargi, mivdivarT! dapatiJebuli xarT! _mSvenieria, SevTanxmdiT. kargad, skot! _kargad iyaviT, qeTi!

8. Seavse gamotovebuli adgilebi zmnis formebiT, SeuTanxme mocemuli piris nacvalsaxelebi: me

Cven

Sen

Tqven

mas

maT

kari 1

1. mimgzavria———————A ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— 2. ——————— vyofilvarT——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— — 3. ——————— ———————-mogimzadebia——————— ——————— ——————— 4. ——————— ——————— ——————— gagiyidiaT ——————— ——————— 5. ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— ucxovria ———————

6. gaixseneT, ra gikeTebiaT an ar gikeTebiaT bavSvobisas:  nimuSi: to play - miTamaSia

7. miswavlia ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— ———————8. ——————— gvisaubria———————— ——————— ——————— ———————

to think —————————

to invite ———————

to work —————————

to celebrate ——————

10. ——————— ——————— ———————- gizeimiaT ——————— ———————-

to spend ———————

11. ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— gautarebia ———————

to prepare ———————

12. ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— ———————-uTevzaviaT

to stroll ————————— to take —————————

me bavSvobaSi

to buy ————————— .......................... to write ———————— to sell —————————

to travel ————————

to hunt —————————

to fish —————————

7. daakavSireT erTmaneTs:  nimuSi:

14

6. ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— ——————— umuSaviaT

mas mas mas mas mas mas mas mas mas mas

xorci afrikaSi stumrebi araferi zRvaze bevri wignebi sadili jer ar fexburTi

moumzadebia uswavlia uTamaSia ucxovria dauWria uyidia daupatiJebia waukiTxavs gaukeTebia useirnia

9. ——————— ———————- gifiqria ———————- ——————— ———————-

9. daakavSireT erTmaneTs sityvebi:  nimuSi:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

yuradRebiani di plomatiuri daujerebeli SesaniSnavi ganTqmuli gatarebuli

ambavi dro SekiTxva maswavlebeli xalxi xinkali

10. gaixseneT zmna to say (Tqma) da CasviT gamotovebul adgilas Sesatyvisi formebi: 1. guSin ninom da Tamunam bevri ram —————————. 2. xval isini axali programis Sesaxeb rames —————————.

15