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Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Presented by Enrique RODRIGUEZ-FLORES Titelseite
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
List of Contents
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List of contents
z 1. Introduction z 2. Project description Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
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z 3. Current status and achievements
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Introduction
African night
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Introduction
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Population Census 2004: 1,3 Million © Lahmeyer International GmbH
Total surface: only 11.300 km² GNP per capita: USD 340
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Brief Energy Sector Overview z The Gambia ranks among the poorest countries in the world but it is active in international programs to fight local poverty and enhance the infrastructure and the local industry z Energy consumption of the Gambia in 2000 was 0.26 TOE on a per capita basis (0.62 TOE for Africa and 1.68 TOE for the Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division World) z The consumption was met by firewood (77%), petroleum products (21%) and to a very limited extent by electricity (2%). The biggest energy consumers were households (83%) and the transport sector (13%)
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Brief Electricity Sector Overview z Electricity consumption was around 80 GWh in 2002 (slightly more than 50 kWh/Capita and year) z The major consumer have been private households z extremely high cost of Office electricity withEnergy tariffDivision ranges currently Government of the Gambia, of the President, from USD 0.18 to USD 0.25/kWh (Senegal USD 0.12/kWh and Mali USD 0.11/kWh) z The Greater Banjul Area (GBA) is supplied by diesel-run generators with a total installed capacity of 43.7 MW z The rural electrification grade is very low LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Government Energy Policy z Main Objective: Provision of efficient, reliable and affordable energy that is sustainable and environmentally sound z Regarding the electricity sector: Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division z Increase of generating capacity that is presently inadequate and unable to meet the demand z Improve the poor state of the transmission and distribution system (high technical and non-technical losses 40%); and z Improve efficiencies in order to reduce the high cost of energy
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Energy Sector: Rural electrification z AfDB financed rural electrification project aims to: z increase the installed generation capacity in the urban areas to 6200 kW z extend the MV-lines to a total of 228 km and electrify an Government of30 thevillages Gambia, Office President, Energy Division additional i.e.ofinthetotal to 46 villages z Increase the service of power supply to 24 hours
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z After completion still 60% of the population in Gambia will live outside the areas with electricity supply z In these areas electricity cannot be supplied economically by conventional grid electricity LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Renewable Energies (I) z The government is encouraging the use of other energy sources. The Gambia Renewable Energy Center has been established and some experiences with RE has been made Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
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z Solar water heating systems have been promoted mainly in the tourist industry to substitute diesel oil-fired and electric systems z Utilisation of solar photovoltaic power is increasing for industrial, commercial and domestic uses. PV units in remote areas for rural health care and PV water pumps for potable water supply and for irrigating (EU Project) LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Introduction
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Renewable Energies (II) z A small hybrid PV-Diesel System was commissioned in 2004 for supplying electricity to the Darsilami small health centre, around 40 km south of Banjul (ISET involvement) Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
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z A private company is negotiating with the public utility NAWEC on the setting up of a small wind-driven electricity generator (150 kW) in the GBA
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Key Data of the Project z Project:
Renewable Energy Study for The Gambia
z Client:
Government of The Gambia Office of the President Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division Energy Division
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z Funding of: African Development Bank z Consultant: Lahmeyer International GmbH – Germany z Budget:
US$ 901,490 LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Main Objective to develop and promote renewable sources of energy as an alternative to conventional and traditional sources of energy especially in the rural areas of the country
Specific Objectives
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
z assess the renewable energy resources of The Gambia, z prepare a master plan for the development of the country’s renewable energy sub-sector, z formulate policies, strategies and the required institutional framework for the development of the renewable energy sub-sector, and z prepare a feasibility study for a priority project which can be implemented in the medium term LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Methodology of the Master Plan
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Project description
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Solar and Wind Potential in The Gambia
z Collection of Climate Data: analysis of the regional wind and solar regime has been made (collection of historical wind and solar data) Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
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z Data provide the information required to be utilised for the preparation of the zero wind map and the zero solar map
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Solar and Wind Potential in The Gambia z Zero Map for Solar Incidence z Annual sums of global solar radiation have been retrieved from the METEONORM database in a 10x10 km grid for the entire Gambia Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division z A map has been prepared by creating a continuous field through steady interpolation of these values z Results zero solar map: 2080 kWh/m² year or 5.7 kWh/m² day in the Banjul area z There are discrepancies in the data from international databases. There is a need for a precise measurement campaign
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Solar and Wind Potential in The Gambia Zero Map for Solar Incidence
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Mean annual solar radiation on a 17° inclined surface pointing to the equator
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
z Zero Map for Wind z Only data from the international databases is available for the case of The Gambia z LI applies its three dimensional mesoscale Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division atmospheric model KLIMM to calculate a first version of a wind resource map z In later stages of the study the data obtained during the measurement campaign will be incorporated and the map can be recalculated obtaining an exceptional high degree of detailed wind information
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Solar and Wind Potential in The Gambia
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
Solar and Wind Potential in The Gambia Lahmeyer International
Zero Map for Wind
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Zero wind map of The Gambia at 50m above ground
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Solar and Wind Measurement Campaign Eight Measurement Stations
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Project description
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Solar and Wind Measuring Equipment
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
400.0 350.0 Consumption [10³ TOE]
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Fuelwood is still the main source of energy in The Gambia
300.0
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division 250.0 200.0 150.0
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100.0 50.0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year
Development of Energy Consumption – Fuelwood (1991-2004) Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
LI-Overview 1
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
120
Consumption [10³ TOE]
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100 .
Diesel
80
60 Gasoline Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
40
LPG
Kerosene / Jet 20
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HFO 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year Development of Energy Consumption – Petroleum Products (1991-2004)
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY Lahmeyer International
NAWEC Western Grid 50.0
Installed Cap. [MW]
45.0
Available Cap. [MW] 40.0 35.0 30.0
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
25.0 20.0 15.0
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10.0 5.0 0.0 1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Development of Installed and Available Capacity (1995-2004) Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
10,000
9,000 8,000 Monthly Consumption [MWh/mon]
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EVOLUTION OF THE MONTHLY CONSUMPTION OVER THE YEAR
7,000
6,000
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division Dom estic
5,000 4,000
3,000 Maxim um Dem and
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2,000 Com m ercial
1,000
Institutional Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
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Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
PROJECTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
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FUELWOOD CONSUMPTION 500,000 LGA OF BASSE
LGA OF JANJANBUREH 400,000
LGA OF KUNTAUR LGA OF KEREWAN LGA OF MANSAKONKO
300,000
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division LGA OF BRIKAMA 200,000
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100,000 GBA - GREATER BANJUL AREA
0 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Projected Fuelwood Demand in TOE/a (2005-2025) Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
2025
LI-Overview 1
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
PROJECTED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2004-2025)
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1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
800,000
Demand at Sent-Out Level (incl. Suppressed D emand)
600,000
Imported Electricity
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400,000
200,000
Available Electricity by Primary Energy Sources Additional Electricity Requirements
B ase
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
2024 LI-Overview 1
2025
Current status and achievements - Energy Demand Assessment
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PROJECTED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2004-2025) PER LGA
[TOE/a] LGA OF BASSE
75,000
LGA OF JANJANBUREH LGA OF KUNTAUR
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division LGA OF KEREWAN
50,000
LGA OF MANSAKONKO
LGA OF BRIKAMA
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25,000
GBA - Greater Banjul Area
0 Base 2005 2006
2007 2008
2009 2010
2011
2012 2013
2014 2015
2016 2017
2018
2019 2020
2021 2022
2023 2024 LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
2025
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Current status and achievements - RE Resource Assessment
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
RE Resource Assessment
Biomass Potential Lahmeyer International
Biomass source
Physical Potential in TJ/a
Agricultural residues Millet Sorghum Maize Rice straw Rice husks Groundnuts Facility Kuntaur Facility Banjul Energy crops for direct combustion Government for ethanol production for vegetable oil production
Recommended options
3,968 874 973 635 67
0 0 0 0 0
255 255
153 153
not recommended Power plant with steam/water cycle
not recommended of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division -
up to 107 GJ/ha/a 57 GJ/ha/a
6,000 650
0 16 grazing cows: 29 GJ/a
Pilot biogas plant projects
Municipal residues Waste incineration (Ba.+Ka.) Landfill gas Kanifing Landfill gas Banjul Waste water Human excrements
402 21 10 - unit 100 persons: 32 GJ/a
not recommended not recommended not recommended not recommended Pilot biogas plant projects
Industrial residues Fish industry Meat industry Banjul Brewery
- facility with 144 t/a: 0,38 0.0034
Pilot project biogas plant Anaerobic waste water treatment plant
Animal husbandry residues dung combustion dung for biogas
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Technical Potential in TJ/a
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
not recommended Pilot plantations
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
LI-Overview 1
RE Resource Assessment
GREC01_30m GREC08_30m GREC03_30m
5.0 Wind Speed in m/s
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Wind Energy Potential
4.5 4.0
Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
3.5 3.0 2.5
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2.0 07-05
08-05
09-05
10-05
11-05
12-05
01-06
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
RE Resource Assessment
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Solar Energy Potential: 4.5 and 5.3 kWh/m².d
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Government of the Gambia, Office of the President, Energy Division
LI-Overview 1
Renewable Energy Master Plan for The Gambia
PhD Meeting, Kassel, June 29th and 30th 2006
