2015 Airport Benchmarking Team

2015

Project Coordinator: Professor Tae H. OUM

Air Transport Research Society

Research Director: Professor Chunyan Yu

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

North America: Professor Bijan VASIGH (United States of America) Professor Jia YAN (United States of America) Asia Pacific: Professor Peter FORSYTH (Australia)

Information Package

Washington State University

Monash University

Professor Paul Hooper (Australia)

University of New South Wales

Professor Japhet Law (Hong Kong)

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Professor Yuichiro YOSHIDA (Japan)

International University of Japan

Professor Yeong-Heok LEE (Korea)

Hankuk Aviation University

Professor Shinya HANAOKA (japan)

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Professor Xiaowen Fu (Australia)

The University of Sydney

Europe: Professor Jaap de WIT (The Netherlands)

University of Amsterdam

Professor Eric PELS (The Netherlands)

Free University of Amsterdam

Professor Hans-Martin NIEMEIER (Germany)

University of Applied Science

Professor Nicole ADLER (Israel)

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Headquarters Staff: Christian Mehlan Vivek Rao Bompally Permapoon Panyathorn Xueyu Cheng

 2015 Air Transport Research Society, all rights reserved www.atrsworld.org

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society

1

Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report Asia Pacific

Code 1

Airport Name

City, Country

ADL

Adelaide International Airport

Adelaide, Australia

2

AKL

Auckland International Airport

Auckland, New Zealand

3

BKK

Suvarnabhumi Airport

Bangkok, Thailand

4

BNE

Brisbane Airport

Brisbane, Australia

5

BOM

Chhatarpati Shivaji International Airport

Mumbai, India

6

CAN

Bai Yun Airport

Guangzhou, China

7

CEI

Mae Fah Luang-Chiang Rai International Airport

Chiang Rai, Thailand

8

CGK

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Jakarta, Indonesia

9

CJU

Jeju International Airport

Jeju, Korea

10

CHC

Christchurch International Airport

Christchurch, New Zealand

11

CMB

Bandaranaike International Airport

Colombo, Sri Lanka

12

CNS

Cairns International Airport

Cairns, Australia

13

CNX

Chiang Mai International Airport

Chiang Mai, Thailand

14

DEL

Indira Gandhi International Airport

New Delhi, India

15

DRW

Darwin International Airport

Darwin, Australia

16

DUD

Dunedin International Airport

Dunedin, New Zealand

17

DXB

Dubai International Airport

Dubai, UAE

18

GMP

Seoul Gimpo International Airport

Seoul, South Korea

19

GUM

Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport

Hagatna, Guam

20

HAK

Meilan International Airport

Haikou, China

21

HDY

Hat Yai International Airport

Hat Yai, Thailand

22

HKG

Hong Kong International Airport

Hong Kong, China

23

HKT

Phuket International Airport

Phuket, Thailand

24

HND

Haneda Airport

Tokyo, Japan

25

ICN

Incheon International Airport

Incheon, Korea

26

KIX

Kansai International Airport

Osaka, Japan

27

KUL

Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Chennai, India

28

MAA

Chennai International Airport

29

MEL

Melbourne Airport

Melbourne, Australia

30

MFM

Macau International Airport

Macau, China Manila, The Philippines

31

MNL

Ninoy Aquino International Airport

32

NAN

Nadi International Airport

Nadi, Fiji

33

NGO

Central Japan International Airport

Nagoya, Japan

34

NRT

Tokyo Narita International Airport

Tokyo, Japan

35

NTL

Newcastle Airport

Newcastle, Australia

36

OOL

Gold Coast Airport

Gold Coast, Australia

37

PEK

Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing, China

38

PEN

Penang International Airport

Penang, Malaysia

39

PER

Perth International Airport

Perth, Australia

40

PNH

Phnom Penh International Airport

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

41

PUS

Gimhae International Airport

Busan, Korea

42

PVG

Shanghai Pudong International Airport

Shanghai, China

43

REP

Siem Reap International Airport

Siem Reap, Cambodia

44

SHA

Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport

Shanghai, China

45

SIN

Singapore Changi International Airport

Singapore, Singapore

46

SUB

Juanda International Airport

Sidoarjo, Indonesia

47

SYD

Sydney Airport

Sydney, Australia

48

SZX

Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport

Shenzhen, China

49

TPE

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

Taipei, Taiwan

50

TSV

Townsville Airport

Townsville, Australia

51 52 53

WLG XMN ZQN

Wellington International Airport Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport Queenstown Airport

Wellington, New Zealand Xiamen, China Frankton, New Zealand

Airport Code 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

AGP ALC AMS ARN ATH BCN BEG BGY BHX BLQ BRS BRU BSL BTS BUD CDG CGN CIA CPH DUB DUS EDI FCO FRA GLA GVA HAJ HAM HEL IST KBP KEF LED LGW LHR LIN LIS LJU LPA LTN LUX LYS MAD MAN MLA MUC MXP NAP NCE OPO

Europe

Airport Name Malaga-Costa del Sol Airport Alicante Airport Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Stockholm-Arlanda Airport Athens International Airport Barcelona El Prat Airport Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport Bergamo-Orio al Serio Airport Birmingham Airport Bologna Airport Bristol Airport Brussels Airport EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg Bratislava Milan Rastislav Stefanik Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport Cologne/Bonn Konrad Adenauer Airport Rome Ciampino Airport Copenhagen Airport Kastrup Dublin Airport Düsseldorf International Airport Edinburgh Airport Rome Leonardo Da Vinci/Fiumicino Airport Frankfurt Airport Glasgow Airport Genève Aéroport Hannover Airport Hamburg Airport Helsinki Vantaa Airport Istanbul Atatürk Airport Kiev Boryspil International Airport Keflavik International Airport Pulkovo Airport London Gatwick International Airport London Heathrow Airport Milan Linate Airport Lisbon Portela Airport Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport Gran Canaria Airport London Luton Airport Luxembourg Airport Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport Madrid Barajas Airport Manchester Airport Malta International Airport Munich Airport Milan Malpensa Airport Naples International Airport Nice Cote D’Azur Airport Porto Airport

City, Country Malaga, Spain El Altet - Torrellano, Spain Amsterdam, The Netherlands Stockholm, Sweden Athens, Greece Barcelona, Spain Belgrade, Serbia Bergamo, Italy Birmingham, England Bologna, Italy Lulsgate Bottom, England Brussels, Belgium Basel, Switzerland Bratislava, Slovakia Budapest, Hungary Paris, France Cologne, Germany Rome, Italy Copenhagen, Denmark Dublin, Ireland Düsseldorf, Germany Edinburgh, Scotland Rome, Italy Frankfurt, Germany Renfrewshire, Scotland Geneva, Switzerland Langenhagen, Germany Hamburg, Germany Helsinki, Finland Istanbul, Turkey Kiev, Ukraine Reykjanesbaer, Iceland Saint Petersburg, Russia London, England London, England Milan, Italy Lisbon, Portugal Ljubljana, Slovenia Teldi, Spain London, England Findel, Luxembourg Colombier-Saugnieu, France Madrid, Spain Manchester, England Valletta, Malta Munich, Germany Milan, Italy Naples, Italy Nice, France Porto, Portugal

2

Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.)

124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150

Code ABQ ALB ANC ATL AUS BDL BNA BOS BUF BUR BWI CLE CLT CMH CVG DAL DCA DEN DFW DTW EWR FLL HNL HOU IAD IAH IND

North America - United States

Airport Name Albuquerque International Sunport Albany International Airport Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Austin Bergstrom Airport Bradley International Airport Nashville International Airport Boston Logan International Airport Buffalo Niagara International Airport Bob Hope Airport Baltimore Washington International Airport Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport Charlotte Douglas International Airport Port Columbus International Airport Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport Dallas Love Field Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Denver International Airport Dallas Forth Worth International Airport Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport Newark Liberty International Airport Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport Honolulu International Airport William P. Hobby Airport Washington Dulles International Airport George Bush Intercontinental Airport Indianapolis International Airport

City, State Albuquerque, New Mexico Albany, New York Anchorage, Alaska Atlanta, Georgia Austin, Texas Windsor Locks, Connecticut Nashville, Tennesse Boston, Massachusetts [ Cheektowaga, New York Burbank, California Baltimore, Maryland Cleveland, Ohio Charlotte, North Carolina Columbus, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Dallas, Texas Washington, DC Denver, Colorado Dallas, Texas Detroit, Michigan Newark, New Jersey Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Honolulu, Hawaii Houston, Texas Washington, DC Houston, Texas Indianapolis, Indiana

North America - United States

151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191

Code JAX JFK LAS LAX LGA MCI MCO MDW MEM MIA MKE MSP MSY OAK OGG OKC OMA ONT ORD PBI PDX PHL PHX PIT PVD RDU RIC RNO RSW SAN SAT SDF SEA SFO SJC SJU SLC SMF SNA STL TPA

Airport Name Jacksonville International Airport New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport Las Vegas McCarran International Airport Los Angeles International Airport LaGuardia International Airport Kansas City International Airport Orlando International Airport Chicago Midway Airport Memphis International Airport Miami International Airport General Mitchell International Airport Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport Oakland International Airport Kahului Airport Will Rogers World Airport Eppley Airfield LA/Ontario International Airport Chicago O'Hare International Airport Palm Beach International Airport Portland International Airport Philadelphia International Airport Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Pittsburgh International Airport Theodore Francis Green State Airport Raleigh-Durham International Airport Richmond International Airport Reno/Tahoe International Airport Southwest Florida International Airport San Diego International Airport San Antonio International Airport Louisville International-Standiford Field Seattle-Tacoma International Airport San Francisco International Airport Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport Salt Lake City International Airport Sacramento International Airport John Wayne Orange County Airport St. Louis-Lambert International Airport Tampa International Airport

City, State Jacksonville, Florida New York, New York Las Vegas, Nevada Los Angeles, California New York, New York Kansas City, Missouri Orlando, Florida Chicago, Illinois Memphis, Tennesse Miami, Florida Milwaukee, Wisconsin Minneapolis, Minnesota New Orleans, Louisiana Oakland, California Kahului, Hawaii Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Omaha, Nebraska Ontario, California Chicago, Illinois West Palm Beach, Florida Portland, Oregon Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Phoenix, Arizona Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Warwick, Rhode Island Raleigh, North Carolina Richmond, Virginia Reno, Nevada South Fort Myers, Florida San Diego, California San Antonio, Texas Louisville, Kentucky Seattle, Washington San Francisco, California San José, California San Juan, Puerto Rico Salt Lake City, Utah Sacramento, California Costa Mesa, California St. Louis, Missouri Tampa, Florida

192 193

TUL TUS

Tulsa International Airport Tucson International Airport

Tulsa, Oklahoma Tucson, Arizona

194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205

Code YEG YHZ YOW YQB YQR YUL YVR YWG YYC YYJ YYT YYZ

Airport Name Edmonton International Airport Halifax Stanfield International Airport Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport Regina International Airport Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Vancouver International Airport Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Calgary International Airport Victoria International Airport St. John's International Airport Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport

City, Province Edmonton, Alberta Halifax, Nova Scotia Ottawa, Ontario Québec City, Québec Regina, Saskatchewan Montréal, Québec Vancouver, British Columbia Winnipeg, Manitoba Calgary, Alberta Victoria, British Columbia St. John's, Newfoundland Toronto, Ontario

North America - Canada

3

Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.) Asia Pacific - Major Airport Authorities Code G1

AAI

G2 G3 G4

APAC

Authority Name

Country

Airports Authority of India

India

ADG

Airport Development Group

Australia

AOT

Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited

Thailand

Australia Pacific Airports Corporation

Australia

G5

API

P.T. (Persero) Angkasa Pura I

Indonesia

G6

APII

P.T. (Persero) Angkasa Pura II

Indonesia

G7

KAC

Korea Airports Corporation

Korea

G8

MAHB

Malaysia Airports Holding Behard

Malaysia

G9

QAL

Queensland Airport Limited

Australia

The ATRS Benchmarking Report consists of three parts: 

Part I provides a summary of the research approach and key results. It contains 9 summary tables and 10 summary charts covering the main aspects of airport operations and management, including labour productivity, soft cost input productivity, residual variable factor productivity, and revenue generation.



Part II is the main body of the report. It provides over 200 charts and tables comparing most dimensions of airport performance across airports. It also provides comparisons of the status of the airports in terms of traffic volume, number of employees and terminal-airside capacity. A comparison of airport charges including landing and passenger charges is also presented.



Part III of the report presents a short description of each airport including a section on new development and on recent awards. It also includes information on capacity and traffic (with time series data), airport charges as well as highlights of the current revenue, and profit margin. In addition, a summary of the airport charges is also included.



This report includes: 205 airports 25 airports groups/authorities

4

About the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.) THE REPORT

UNIT COST AND UNIT COMPETITIVENESS

The main objective of this report is to measure and compare the performance of several important aspects of airport operation including:

The report presents a number of unit cost measures. These include measures such as labour cost per passenger, labour cost per aircraft movement, etc. A unit cost index provides a means by which to examine the relationship to various airport characteristics and airport service levels.

   

Productivity and Efficiency Unit Costs and Unit Competitiveness Financial Results Airport Charges

The report also examines the relationship between various performance measures and airport characteristics in order to better explain the differences in airport performance.

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY The report measures and compares a number of partial measures of productivity including labour productivity, capital productivity, and “soft cost input” productivity. These include the typical partial performers such as passengers per employee, passengers per gate etc. In addition, this report introduces a number of new partial productivity measures including the “soft cost input” productivity. “Soft cost input” productivity, a measure unique to the ATRS Benchmarking Report, is a catch-all input which includes all expenses other than labour and capital and is used primarily to take into account the cost of buying in outsourced services. The soft cost input account for 28% to 93% of an airports non-capital expenditures, as such, it is extremely important to consider this soft cost in examining airport performance.

FINANCIAL RESULTS The report presents a number of revenue generation indicators and common financial ratios, including aeronautical revenue per aircraft movement, total revenue per passenger, return on equity, current ratio, return on asset, etc. A yield for total revenue per unit of output is also provided as an overall revenue generation indicator.

AIRPORT CHARGES One means for airports to derive revenues is through charges associated with aeronautical activities. Aeronautical charges are levied for the use of an airport’s runway, apron and terminal facilities. Landing charges, typically based on the weight of the aircraft, terminal (Passenger) charges, generally levied on the number of passengers at time of departure, and aeronautical fee as a whole are compared in the report. Three types of aircraft reflecting different aircraft weight classes are considered: Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 767-400, Boeing 737-800, Airbus 321, and CRJ 200. A breakdown of landing charges by weight categories and passenger charges by boarding passenger is also included. .

5

Samples

Samples

6

Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share

Part III – Sample Airport Profile

Airport Charges – Cost per enplaned passenger

7

Table of Contents 4.2.1.3 Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee 4.2.1.4 Overall Labor Productivity 4.2.2 Capital Productivity 4.2.2.1 Passengers per Gate 4.2.2.2 Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Space 4.2.2.3 Aircraft Movement per Runway 4.2.3 Productivity of Soft Cost Input 4.2.3.1 Soft Cost Input Productivity with Passengers as Output 4.2.3.2 Soft Cost Input Productivity-Overall Output Index 4.3 Variable Factor Productivity 4.4 Factors Affecting Productivity 4.4.1 Labour Productivity and Airport Size 4.4.2 Labour Productivity vs. International Traffic 4.4.3 Labour Productivity vs. Cargo Traffic 4.4.4 Capital Productivity vs. Airport Size 4.4.5 Capital Productivity vs. International Traffic 4.4.6 Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Airport Size 4.4.7 Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic 4.4.8 Variable Factor Productivity vs. Airport Characteristics 4.5 Variable Factor Productivity Decomposition and Productive Efficiency 4.5.1 VFP Regression 4.5.2 Residual Variable Factor Productivity Appendix 4A Comparison of VFP and Stochastic Cost Frontier Stochastic Cost Frontier Function Estimation Comparison of Residual VFP and Cost Frontier Results

Part I. Summary Report

Background and Objectives Summary of Results Results on the Productivity Measurement and Analysis Partial Productivity Measures Labour Productivity Soft Cost Input Productivity Capital Productivity Variable Factor Productivity Gross Variable Factor Productivity Residual Variable Factor Productivity Unit Variable Cost and Cost Competitiveness Airport Cost Structure Unit Variable Cost Cost Competitiveness Airport Financial Performance Revenue Share Revenue generation Financial Profitability Airport Rate and Charges Summary Tables Summary Tables of Productivity and Efficiency Summary Tables of Airport Cost Performance Summary Tables of Airport Revenue Summary Figures

5.

Airport Cost Performance 5.1 Airport Cost Structure 5.1.1 Labour Cost Share 5.1.2 Soft Cost Shares 5.2 Unit Cost 5.2.1 Labour Cost per Passenger 5.2.2 Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement 5.2.3 Labour Cost per Work Load Unit 5.2.4 Variable Cost per Passenger 5.2.5 Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement 5.2.6 Variable Cost per Work Load Unit 5.2.7 Unit Variable Cost Index 5.3 Factors Affecting Unit Costs 5.3.1 Input Prices 5.3.1.1 Average Annual Employee Compensation 5.3.1.2 Variable Input Price Index 5.3.2 Unit Variable Cost vs. Labour Price 5.3.3 Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Size 5.3.4 Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Characteristics 5.4 Cost Competitiveness

6.

Airport Financial Performance 6.1 Revenue Shares 6.1.1 Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share 6.1.2 Aeronautical Revenue Share 6.1.3 Concession Revenue Share 6.1.4 Parking Revenue Share 6.2 Revenue Generation 6.2.1 Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement 6.2.2 Concession Revenue per Passenger

Part II. Analysis and Full Results 1.

Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Approach and Scope

2.

Sample Airports

3.

Airport Capacities and Traffic Volume 3.1 Airside Capacity 3.2 Terminal-Side Capacity 3.2.1 Number of Gates 3.2.2 Terminal Size 3.3 Number of Employees 3.4 Traffic Volume 3.4.1 Passenger Traffic 3.4.2 Cargo Traffic 3.4.3 Work Load Unit (WLU) 3.4.4 Aircraft Movements 3.4.5 Passengers per Aircraft Movement 3.5 Market Share of Dominant Hub Carrier

4.

Airport Productivity and Efficiency Performance 4.1 Outputs and Inputs 4.2 Partial Productivity Measures 4.2.1 Labor Productivity 4.2.1.1 Number of Passengers per Employee 4.2.1.2 Aircraft Movements per Employee

8

Table of Contents (cont.) 6.2.3 Operating Revenue per Passenger 6.2.4 Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement 6.2.5 Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit 6.2.6 Operating Revenue per Employee 6.3 Financial Profitability 6.3.1 Net Operating Income 6.3.2 EBITDA 6.3.3 Operating Margin 6.3.4 Current Ratio 6.3.5 Return on Asset 6.3.6 Return on Equity 6.3.7 Debt-Asset Ratio 6.3.8 Debt-Equity Ratio 7.

Airport Rates and Charges 7.1 Landing Charges 7.2 Terminal (Passenger) Charges 7.3 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges 7.3.1 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges without Baggage and Check-in Charges 7.3.2 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges with Baggage and Check-in Charges 7.4 Cost per Enplaned Passenger 7.5 Air Travel Security Charges 7.6 Other Airport Charges

Part III. Airport Profiles, Methodologies and Data Description Appendix I Airport Profiles Asia Pacific Airports European Airports North American Airports

Appendix II Methodology: Computation of Total Factor Productivity Appendix III Data and Data Sources

List of Tables S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9

Sample Airports Airport Characteristics Partial Factor Productivity Measures Other Partial Productivity Measures Gross Variable Factor Productivity Residual Variable Factor Productivity Unit Variable Cost and Airport Cost Competitiveness Revenue Shares Revenue Generation Indicators

2-1a 2-1b 2-1c 2-2a 2-2b 2-2c

Sample Airports-Asia Pacific Sample Airports-Europe Sample Airports-North America Airport Characteristics-Asia Pacific Airport Characteristics-Europe Airport Characteristics-North America

3.1a 3.1b 3.1c

Length of Runways –Asia Pacific Length of Runways –Europe Length of Runways –North America

4.1.1a 4.1.1b 4.1.1c 4.1.2a 4.1.2b 4.1.2c 4.5.1a 4.5.1b 4.5.1c 4A-1 7.1a 7.1b 7.1c 7.2a 7.2b 7.2c 7.3a 7.3b 7.4

Input Measures – Asia Pacific Input Measures – Europe Input Measures – North America Output Measures – Asia Pacific Output Measures – Europe Output Measures – North America VFP Regression Results – Asia Pacific VFP Regression Results – Europe VFP Regression Results – North America Cost Frontier Function Estimation Results Landing Charges – Asia Pacific Landing Charges – Europe Landing Charges – North America Terminal (Passenger) Charges for International Flights– Asia Pacific Terminal (Passenger) Charges for International Flights – Europe Average Terminal (Passenger) Charges – North America Combined Landing and Terminal Charges – Asia Pacific Combined Landing and Terminal Charges - Europe Cost per Enplaned Passenger-North America

List of Figures S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10

Labor Productivity Soft Cost Input Productivity Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area Residual Variable Factor Productivity Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share Revenue per Passenger Revenue per Employee Landing Charges for Boeing 737 Landing Charges for Airbus 320 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges

3.2.1a 3.2.1b 3.2.1c 3.2.2a 3.2.2b 3.2.2c 3.3a 3.3b 3.3c 3.4.1a 3.4.1b 3.4.1c 3.4.1d 3.4.1e 3.4.1f 3.4.1g 3.4.1h 3.4.1i 3.4.2a 3.4.2b 3.4.2c

Number of Gates – Asia Pacific Number of Gates – Europe Number of Gates – North America Passenger Terminal Size – Asia Pacific Passenger Terminal Size – Europe Passenger Terminal Size – North America Number of Employees – Asia Pacific Number of Employees – Europe Number of Employees – North America Passenger Traffic – Asia Pacific Passenger Traffic – Europe Passenger Traffic – North America International Share Passenger Traffic – Asia Pacific International Share Passenger Traffic – Europe International Share Passenger Traffic – North America Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – Asia Pacific Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – Europe Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – North America Cargo Traffic – Asia Pacific Cargo Traffic – Europe Cargo Traffic – North America

9

Table of Contents (Cont.) 3.4.3a 3.4.3b 3.4.3c 3.4.4a 3.4.4b 3.4.4c 3.4.5a 3.4.5b 3.4.5c 3.5a 3.5b 3.5c

Work Load Units (WLU) – Asia Pacific Work Load Units (WLU) – Europe Work Load Units (WLU) – North America Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Aircraft Movement – Europe Aircraft Movement – North America Passengers per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Passengers per Aircraft Movement – Europe Passengers per Aircraft Movement – North America Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – Asia Pacific Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – Europe Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – North America

4.2.1.1a 4.2.1.1b 4.2.1.1c 4.2.1.2a 4.2.1.2b 4.2.1.2c 4.2.1.3a 4.2.1.3b 4.2.1.3c 4.2.1.4a 4.2.1.4b 4.2.1.4c 4.2.2.1a 4.2.2.1b 4.2.2.1c 4.2.2.2a 4.2.2.2b 4.2.2.2c 4.2.2.3a 4.2.2.3b 4.2.2.3c 4.2.3.1a 4.2.3.1b 4.2.3.1c 4.2.3.2a 4.2.3.2b 4.2.3.2c 4.3a 4.3b 4.3c 4.4.1a 4.4.1b 4.4.2a 4.4.2b 4.4.3a 4.4.3b 4.4.4a 4.4.4b 4.4.4c

Passengers per Employee – Asia Pacific Passengers per Employee – Europe Passengers per Employee – North America Aircraft Movements per Employee – Asia Pacific Aircraft Movements per Employee – Europe Aircraft Movements per Employee – North America Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – Asia Pacific Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – Europe Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – North America Overall Labor Productivity – Asia Pacific Overall Labor Productivity – Europe Overall Labor Productivity – North America Passengers per Gate – Asia Pacific Passengers per Gate – Europe Passengers per Gate – North America Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – Asia Pacific Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – Europe Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – North America Aircraft Movements per Runway – Asia Pacific Aircraft Movements per Runway – Europe Aircraft Movements per Runway – North America Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – Asia Pacific Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – Europe Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – North America Soft Cost Input Productivity – Overall Output Index – Asia Pacific Soft Cost Input Productivity – Overall Output Index – Europe Soft Cost Input Productivity –Overall Output Index – North America Gross Variable Factor Productivity – Asia Pacific Gross Variable Factor Productivity – Europe Gross Variable Factor Productivity – North America Passengers per Employee vs. Airport Size Labour Productivity vs. Airport Size Passengers per Employee vs. Share of International Traffic Labour Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic Passengers per Employee vs. Share of Cargo Traffic Labour Productivity vs. Share of Cargo Traffic Passengers per Gate vs. Airport Size Passengers per Terminal Square Meter Area vs. Airport Size Aircraft Movements per Runway vs. Airport Size

4.4.5a 4.4.5b 4.4.5c 4.4.6a 4.4.6b 4.4.7a 4.4.7b 4.4.8a 4.4.8b 4.4.8c 4.4.8d 4.5.2a1 4.5.2a2 4.5.2b1 4.5.2b2 4.5.2c1 4.5.2c2 4A-1a 4A-1b

Passengers per Gate vs. Share of International Traffic Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Space vs. Share of International Traffic Aircraft Movement per Runway vs. Share of International Traffic Passengers per Unit of Soft Cost Input vs. Airport Size Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Airport Size Passengers per Unit of Soft Cost Input vs. Share of International Traffic Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic Variable Factor Productivity vs. Airport Size Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of Cargo Traffic Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of Non-Aeronautical Revenue Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Asia Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Oceania Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Europe (Large Airports) Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Europe (Small & Medium Airports) Residual Variable Factor Productivity – North America (Large Airports) Residual Variable Factor Productivity – North America (Small & Medium Airports) Residual VFP vs. Cost Frontier Efficiency Index 1 Residual VFP vs. Cost Frontier Efficiency Index 2

5.1.1a 5.1.1b 5.1.1c 5.2.1a 5.2.1b 5.2.1c 5.2.2a 5.2.2b 5.2.2c 5.2.3a 5.2.3b 5.2.3c 5.2.4a 5.2.4b 5.2.4c 5.2.5a 5.2.5b 5.2.5c 5.2.6a 5.2.6b 5.2.6c 5.2.7a 5.2.7b 5.2.7c 5.3.1.1a 5.3.1.1b 5.3.1.1c 5.3.1.2a 5.3.1.2b 5.3.1.2c 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4a 5.3.4b 5.3.4c

Labour Cost Share – Asia Pacific Labour Cost Share – Europe Labour Cost Share – North America Labour Cost per Passenger – Asia Pacific Labour Cost per Passenger – Europe Labour Cost per Passenger – North America Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – Europe Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – North America Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – Europe Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – North America Variable Cost per Passenger – Asia Pacific Variable Cost per Passenger – Europe Variable Cost per Passenger – North America Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – Europe Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – North America Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – Europe Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – North America Unit Variable Cost Index – Asia Pacific Unit Variable Cost Index – Europe Unit Variable Cost Index – North America Average Annual Employee Compensation – Asia Pacific Average Annual Employee Compensation – Europe Average Annual Employee Compensation – North America Variable Input Price Index – Asia Pacific Variable Input Price Index – Europe Variable Input Price Index – North America Unit Variable Cost vs. Labour Price Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Size Unit Variable Cost vs. Aircraft Size Unit Variable Cost vs. Share of International Traffic Unit Variable Cost vs. Share of Non-Aeronautical Revenue

10

Table of Contents (Cont.) 5.4a1 5.4a2 5.4b1 5.4b2 5.4c1 5.4c2

Cost Competitiveness – Asia Cost Competitiveness – Oceania Cost Competitiveness – Europe (Large Airports) Cost Competitiveness – Europe (Small & Medium Airports) Cost Competitiveness – North America (Large Airports) Cost Competitiveness – North America (Small & Medium Airports)

6.1.1a 6.1.1b 6.1.1c 6.1.3a 6.1.3b 6.1.3c 6.1.4a 6.1.4b 6.1.4c 6.2.1a 6.2.1b 6.2.1c 6.2.2a 6.2.2b 6.2.2c 6.2.3a 6.2.3b 6.2.3c 6.2.4a 6.2.4b 6.2.4c 6.2.5a 6.2.5b 6.2.5c 6.2.6a 6.2.6b 6.2.6c 6.3.1a 6.3.1b 6.3.1c 6.3.2a 6.3.2b 6.3.2c 6.3.3a 6.3.3b 6.3.3c 6.3.4a 6.3.4b 6.3.4c 6.3.5a 6.3.5b 6.3.5c 6.3.6a 6.3.6b 6.3.6c 6.3.6d 6.3.7a 6.3.7b 6.3.7c

Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – Asia Pacific Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – Europe Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – North America Concession Revenue Share – Asia Pacific Concession Revenue Share – Europe Concession Revenue Share – North America Parking Revenue Share – Asia Pacific Parking Revenue Share – Europe Parking Revenue Share – North America Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Europe Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – North America Concession Revenue per Passenger – Asia Pacific Concession Revenue per Passenger – Europe Concession Revenue per Passenger – North America Operating Revenue per Passenger – Asia Pacific Operating Revenue per Passenger – Europe Operating Revenue per Passenger – North America Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Europe Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – North America Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – Europe Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – North America Operating Revenue per Employee – Asia Pacific Operating Revenue per Employee – Europe Operating Revenue per Employee – North America Net Operating Income – Asia Pacific Net Operating Income – Europe Net Operating Income – North America EBITDA – Asia Pacific EBITDA – Europe EBITDA – North America Operating Margin – Asia Pacific Operating Margin – Europe Operating Margin – North America Current Ratio – Asia Pacific Current Ratio – Europe Current Ratio – North America Return on Assets – Asia Pacific Return on Assets – Europe Return on Assets – North America Return on Equity – Asia Pacific Return on Equity – Europe Return on Equity – United States Return on Retained Earnings – Canada Debt-Assets Ratio – Asia Pacific Debt-Assets Ratio – Europe Debt-Assets Ratio – North America

6.3.8a 6.3.8b 6.3.8c

Debt-Equity Ratio – Asia Pacific Debt-Equity Ratio – Europe Debt-Equity Ratio – United States

7.2a 7.2b 7.2c 7.4

Terminal Charge per Passenger (International Flights) – Asia Pacific Terminal Charge per Passenger (International Flights) – Europe Average (Terminal) Revenue per Passenger – North America Cost per Enplaned Passenger – North America

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