Pakistan floods: One year on

Pakistan floods: One year on

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First published by Plan in 2011. Text, illustrations, design © Plan 2011. All rights reserved. Pakistan floods: One year on. 2011 Bangkok, Plan Author: Ghazala Farid Editor: Chris Dickson Design: Work in Bangkok Contributors: Doaba Foundation, Haider Yaqub, Help Foundation, Imran Shami, Laar Humanitarian Development Programme, Plan Pakistan Finance and Grants teams, Plan Pakistan Multan field response unit staff, Roger Braden, Rural Development Policy Institute.

For more information, please contact: Plan Pakistan House No: 9, Street No: 32 F-7/1, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Tel: +92 51 260 9435-41 www.plan-international.org/pakistan Plan Asia Regional Office 18th Floor, Ocean Tower 2 Building 75/24 Sukhumvit 19 Road, Klongtoey Nua Wattana, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand Tel: +66 2 204 2630 Fax: +66 2 204 2629 E-mail: [email protected] www.plan-international.org/asia Pakistan Floods Report 2011

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Plan International

July 2011

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Pakistan Floods: One Year On

Executive Summary In July 2010, heavy monsoon rains triggered the worst floods to hit Pakistan in modern history, leaving a fifth of the country under water and displacing millions. Plan ramped up its local operations to provide emergency relief for a quarter of a million people, and will reach out to provide recovery and rehabilitation support to over 1 million people in the worst affected areas. One year later, Plan is working with a consortium of local organisations to help those affected, especially children, recover and rebuild their communities through a variety of projects. Donors around the world entrusted Plan with US $24.5 million to help those affected by the floods. As of May 31, 2011 Plan has invested US $15.1 million to help flood survivors recover and rebuild their communities. The remaining funds will continue to support flood-affected families and their communities over the coming months and years. In the immediate wake of the floods, Plan provided emergency short-term food, water and shelter, as well as health and sanitation training and facilities. The floods in figures • 20 million affected • 1.89 million houses destroyed • Around 2,000 dead Plan’s flood response in figures • US $24.5 raised, US$ 15.1 million invested so far • 256,615 people fed for 10 days • supplied water to over 7,000 families for 30 days • shelter assistance for more than 100,000 people • 390 schools will be reopened for 58,000 pupils by Sept 2011 • cash-for-work for more than 1,000 people  

Children are affected by natural disasters in complex, far-reaching ways, and their wellbeing is key to communities’ long-term recovery. To help the children process the tragedy and recover, Plan and local partners set up child-friendly spaces where they can play, share and talk freely. The floods hit the most vulnerable the hardest, and Plan is now focussing on longer-term projects to better prepare communities to face natural disasters in the future. Plan will continue to work with local partners to help reopen 390 schools, to roll out 23 cash-for-work schemes, and to undertake other long-term rehabilitation and disaster preparedness initiatives.

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Where we’re working Plan has been working in the worst-hit parts in the south and east of the country, home to those affected by the floods. In the province of Sindh, in the south-east, our efforts have been concentrated in Ghotki, Khairpur, and Thatta, three of the province’s 23 districts. In the eastern province of Punjab, Plan’s projects are in the districts of Layyah, Muzaffargarh, and Rajanpur, the worst affected of the province’s 36 districts.

Supporting flood survivors • The first step was the immediate provision of shelter, clean and safe drinking water, cooked food and dry rations to over a quarter of a million people. • In the weeks following the floods, Plan and partners conducted awareness-raising campaigns on health and hygiene, child protection and livestock management. • In the recovery and rehabilitation phase Plan has launched or is establishing: - A Getting Children Back to School project in three flood-affected districts of southern Punjab, targeting 390 damaged primary schools and 58,000 children - Early childhood care and development (ECCD) for 5,000 children aged 3-5 years - Provision of school bags, books, uniforms and stationery for 25,000 children who had to interrupt their schooling because of supply shortages - 23 cash-for-work schemes, providing labourers with much-needed income in return for rebuilding damaged infrastructure

Plan’s partners Plan in Pakistan Plan has been operating in Pakistan since 1997, helping marginalised children to access their rights to health, education, livelihood support and protection. Through long-term programmes we work with around 150 communities across the country, benefiting about 50,000 children. Our core long-term development activities include: • health • learning • livelihoods • child and gender rights • disaster risk reduction and response

Plan’s efforts to support flood survivors to date have only been made possible by collaboration with the Indus Consortium of local aid organisations, consisting of the Rural Development Policy Institute, which also played the role of lead organisation, the Doaba Foundation, Help Foundation and Laar Humanitarian Development Programme. Specific programme support for Plan’s education in emergencies efforts was provided by: Doaba Foundation, Help Foundation, Mountain Institute for Educational Development (MIED), Sudhar, Rasti and Children’s Global Network (CGN). Support for Plan’s rural sanitation and hygiene efforts is being provided by: Punjab Rural Support Programme (PRSP), Integrated Rural Sanitation Program (IRSP), Agha Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP), National Rural Support Program (NRSP), and Islamic Relief.

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©Plan/Shona Hamilton

Facts & Figures Through different interventions and in collaboration with local partners, Plan Pakistan will reach about 1 million people affected by floods in six districts of Punjab and Sindh, either in the emergency stages of the crisis, or through various recovery and rebuilding programmes.

“The items we received were badly needed. Floods washed away most of our cooking utensils. The kitchen kit has lessened our worries. It has made our work easier.” Flood survivor from Ghotki

Food Cooked food provided to over 256,615 people twice a day for 10 days 17,931 families1 received a packet of dry rations with 10 days’ food 9,192 packs of ordinary biscuits distributed Quarter-litre cartons of milk given to 21,026 individuals 14,333 families received Eid packages, including food, shoes and other items 29,685 families received over 10 packs of high energy biscuits each

Shelter 310 25 x 25-feet tents provided vital shelter to 12,215 people 3,999 tarpaulin sheets distributed 10,590 families received two mosquito nets each 18,504 tool kits and 6,999 shelter kits were distributed 3,700 households received a shelter sheet 1,973 plastic mats distributed 3,802 floor mats distributed

Health and hygiene 8 newborn baby kits distributed in Layyah and Muzaffargarh 148 clean delivery kits provided in Rajanpur 2 medical camps conducted by partners with Plan support Toiletry kits distributed to 47,771 families 101 pallets of medical supplies given to health authorities 11,082 awareness-raising posters and pamphlets printed and distributed 38,700 individuals participated in 772 health and hygiene sessions

Child Protection 19,555 people participated in 418 sessions to raise awareness of child protection 20,387 children attended 301 child-friendly spaces (CFS) 255 latrine tents installed at the CFS 4,950 posters, pamphlets and charts on child protection printed and distributed

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 544 hand pumps installed bringing clean water to around 3,800 families 213 deliveries of water by truck to around 7,000 families for over 30 days 1,234 pit latrines installed 7,866 people participated in 170 village-cleaning events 10,000 bottles of mineral water with packets of oral rehydration salt (ORS) distributed to as many people 101,526 packet of aqua tabs, for water sterilisation, distributed among 12,400 households

Other basic provisions 22,000 kitchen kits distributed to as many households 18,500 winter kits distributed to as many households 8,103 blankets distributed among 7,273 households

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Families, or households, consisted on average of seven people

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©Plan/Luca Tommasini

Key Achievements Emergency aid The floods hit the most vulnerable the hardest, with many households losing their bedding, clothes, cooking utensils, food grains and crops, and livestock. With survival the first priority, Plan provided emergency food and shelter to those in the hardest-hit areas. More than a quarter of a million people received 2 hot meals a day for about 10 to 12 days, while tens of thousands also received communal tents, tarpaulins or other shelter material. In addition, Plan distributed dry rations including rice, sugar, dal, and cooking oil to around 18,000 families, and the children of 29,685 families were also provided with high energy biscuits.

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Right: Children at a relief camp enjoying a meal distributed by Plan together

Ensuring Child Protection Children are particularly vulnerable to the impact of any crisis which displaces large numbers of people. Plan supported projects to help those distressed by the floods, and took measures to address the increased risk of abuse, violence and neglect facing displaced children. Plan set up 301 child-friendly spaces where 20,387 children could learn, play, and feel safe. Psychosocial support sessions – in essence emotional first aid – were also provided to children experiencing nightmares and distress caused by the disaster. To raise awareness among the communities of the importance of child protection, Plan conducted 417 sessions with the total participation of 19,555 people. Banners to increase awareness of child protection issues were also developed and displayed.

Getting Children Back to School The flood damaged or destroyed thousands of schools across the country, including many in the areas where Plan conducted flood relief work. Getting these back up and running is key to the children’s welfare, and to the communities’ long-term rehabilitation and development. Plan has launched a project to reopen 390 primary schools in the three districts of southern Punjab, to welcome 58,000 children. The programme addresses water and sanitation, shelter, solar energy, education, health and hygiene, and teacher training, as well as disaster risk reduction, child protection and attention to psychosocial issues. Of those children, 58,000 are to be provided with school bags, books, uniforms and stationery by Plan, which is also distributing play and sports equipment to the schools.

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The project is being implemented in collaboration with the national Education Departments and local partners. The objective is not only to restore the education facilities in those areas, but also to achieve higher and more sustainable enrolment and attendance ratios. Right: Girl happy to be back at school

M. Islam, 40, Basti Abbasswala

Cash for Work Plan supported the establishment of cash-for-work schemes, paying people affected by the floods to carry out work on public infrastructure. To date: • 3 such schemes have benefited 394 people including 56 women in southern Punjab • 5 additional schemes are under way, involving 894 people • 15 more schemes planned These projects not only provide much-needed income to the labourers, but allow much-needed repairs to be carried out on roads and other infrastructures quickly, using available resources. Left: Plan’s cash-for-work schemes not only provide money to the labourers, but help to rebuild local infrastructure

©Plan/Luca Tommasini

“The breach in the Abbaswala Band (levee) created a pool of water that disconnected the link between two villages. It was very difficult to reach across the pool; often children were in danger as they tried to reach school by boat. The link road connecting the two parts of the village has not only solved our communication problem but is also instrumental in saving our children from potential harm.”

©Plan/Luca Tommasini

©Plan/Luca Tommasini

Far Right: A primary school is being built by Plan to get children back at school

Advocacy In addition to its own projects, Plan campaigned for a focus on child protection in the wider aid effort. International organisations: As a member of the UN clusters2 for education heath, community restoration, food security, nutrition, and water and sanitation, Plan held awareness-raising sessions on child protection and distributed relevant leaflets. National government: Plan produced 10,000 charts, posters and leaflets on health and hygiene, and passed them to the National Disaster Management Authority for wider distribution. Local government: Plan approached social welfare departments at district level regarding missing children, the identification of found children and their reunification with their families. Plan also advocated for measures aimed at children with special needs. UN clusters consist of groupings of UN agencies, NGOs and other international organisations around a sector or service provided during a humanitarian crisis 2

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Health “We were not aware of the importance of washing our hands; we used to handle cow dung and feed our child side by side. We didn’t know how harmful this was for our child.”

During the crisis, it was essential to educate the survivors about the importance of basic hygiene, especially given the difficult conditions of displaced people living in flooded areas.

Zehra Bibi, 32, Khairpur district

Maternity: For expecting mothers, 8 newborn baby kits were provided in the camps of Layyah and Muzaffargarh, in southern Punjab, as well as 148 clean delivery kits in neighbouring Rajanpur.

Information, education and communication: Plan conducted 772 health and hygiene awareness sessions, which were attended by a total of over 38,700 individuals. Plan also developed and produced information leaflets on health and hygiene. Medical materials: Medical supplies were also badly needed. Plan delivered 101 pallets of medicines to the Pakistani authorities for distribution. These supplies, over 35 tonnes in total, and worth nearly US $1.4 million, included antibiotics, anti-fungal creams, rehydrating salts and other hospital supplies. These supplies were distributed over the whole affected area, not restricted to the zones where Plan is active.

Across the area of activities supported by Plan, 48,460 health and hygiene kits were distributed among 47,771 families. These kits included soap, toothpaste and sanitary supplies, and water purification tablets. Two medical camps in Ghotki district, Sindh province, were established by partners with Plan’s support.

“We learnt a lot about basic health practices through attending the hand washing training. Trainers had improved our hygiene practices – our children will be healthier due to this practice.” Safiya Bibi, 47, Layyah district

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Far Right: Young mother with her baby at a camp in Muzaffargarh. Plan distributed hygiene and baby kits to support mothers like her

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Right: A girl proudly presents her clean nails to friends at the camp during a hygiene training session organised by Plan

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Clean water is a key part of any humanitarian crisis response, to avoid diseases and malnutrition. Plan implemented measures for the supply of water, and supported sanitation initiatives to make sure the water stayed clean enough for safe use. In the aftermath of the floods, an immediate concern was that due to the contamination of thousands of wells and other water sources many of the displaced would be at high risk of diarrhoea, cholera, malaria, dengue and respiratory infections. Plan installed 544 hand pumps and carried out 213 deliveries of water by truck to communal tanks, supporting thousands of families. The hand pumps allowed water to be drawn from depths of 12 to 15 metres, compared to the 3 or 4 metres’ depth of the wells and pumps many survivors were using. The deeper water is much cleaner and safer, and was tested for contamination. Around 3,800 families benefitted from the extra hand pumps. Pakistan Floods Report 2011

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©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Far Right: A boy demonstrating how to wash his face and hands properly as part of a hygiene training session organised by Plan

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Right: Children drinking from a water hand pump repaired by Plan

The water tank deliveries to communal tanks supplied over 7,000 families with water for over 30 days.

“We like the idea of washing our hands before cooking food and feeding our children. It’s new to us but we will practice it.” Shazia Bibi, 40, Layyah District

“I was afraid my entire family would die.” Zubaida, 8

Plan and its local partners installed 1,234 pit latrines across all districts. Separate latrines were installed for women and girls, who also received their own hygiene education sessions. Other health and hygiene initiatives, including the distribution of washing kits and leaflets, and awareness-raising sessions, also contributed to improving the sanitation of the environment in general and the water supply in particular. To address the sanitation problem more widely, Plan has initiated a community-led total sanitation approach which will reach over 1 million people in rural areas across 30 floodaffected districts. Water contamination and sanitation are estimated to be responsible for 60 per cent of child mortality cases in Pakistan, where 45 per cent of the rural community defecate in the open. The programme, supported by UN agencies, national organisations and NGOs, aims to reach over 3 million people in the next two phases, encouraging rural communities to build toilets and raising awareness of sanitation issues and water supply.

Child Friendly Spaces In addition to the issues facing all survivors, children faced particular challenges and risks. The shock of displacement can hit them harder than adults, and many in addition had also lost or become separated from their parents. Furthermore, the risk of exploitation and abuse of children can be increased by the conditions of the displaced communities. Plan made it a priority to set up safe spaces for children to allow them to get back to a normal life as quickly as possible.

©Plan/Shona Hamilton

Right: Children attend the opening of a new child- friendly space in their village supported by Plan

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“I was a shy girl and usually didn’t talk to others a lot. This centre changed me very much. When this centre was opened I started attending it regularly with my neighbours. It gave me a lot of confidence, now I can talk to people and even recite Naat (a prayer in praise of the Prophet Muhammad.)” Sughra, 10

With local partners, Plan established 301 child-friendly spaces (CFS) where 20,387 children had the opportunity to learn, play, and feel safe. This psychosocial support was supplemented with special sessions by trained staff – in essence emotional first aid – for children experiencing nightmares and distress as a result of the crisis. The CFS held daily, two-hour sessions for the children, separated into three age groups: 3 to 6 years, 7 to 13 and 14 to 17. The children were also split into groups of boys and girls. Each centre also received recreational kits for the two younger age groups. The kit for the 3- to 6-year-olds contained items for drawing and other creative play. The material for the 7- to 13year olds included similar items, and also reading, writing and sports equipment.

Children’s Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction Prior to the 2010 floods, Plan Pakistan was engaged in disaster risk reduction (DRR) programmes across three districts, with an emphasis on the role and rights of children. The programme established 90 groups of children or youths at village level, where they participated in conducting hazards assessments and preparing contingency plans, with particular attention paid to the, rights, requirements and roles of children and young people in natural disasters. Teenagers were encouraged to build raised platforms in their communities to provide a refuge for people, livestock and emergency provisions in case of flooding. Children were also taught to monitor water levels on barrages and levees, and inform the community by mobile phone. Plan and its partners would then publish the information about the rising water levels, allowing affected communities to take appropriate action. These initiatives allowed a weak spot in the levee protecting the Layyah city to be identified and reinforced in time, which probably saved the city from the floods. Plan and partners also carried out emergency drills and swimming lessons. Plan facilitated the establishment of networks between district coordination officers, officials from national government, civil society organisations (CSOs) and the children’s groups. Plan also supported two training sessions for CSOs and NGOs, which were attended by 49 people in total. Another 255 sessions for the public on disaster risk reduction were held, with 14,212 participants. In addition, Plan supported 6 workshops for media professionals about the sensitivities of reporting during and after a disaster, which were attended by 58 journalists.

©Plan/Shona Hamilton

Right: Children from Lashkar Pur Children’s Forum set up by Plan to help prepare the community for flooding. Plan’s Disaster Risk Management Programme (DRM) works to strengthen communities’ awareness and resilience to flood related risks in at least six districts along the Indus River Belt

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Eid packages The Pakistan floods struck just weeks before the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan, which ends with the feast of Eid. In order to raise spirits and provide culturally appropriate aid, Plan distributed special Eid packages to 14,333 families, each including vermicelli, sugar and cooking oil, key ingredients for the traditional dessert of siwaiyaan. Clothes, shoes and other items were also distributed for Eid.

©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

Right: Plan distributed dry rations to around 18,000 families, and the children of 29,685 families were also provided with high energy biscuits

“Thanks to the shoes in the Eid package, we had a lot fewer skin infections and injuries among our children, who before were walking around barefoot in the muddy, dirty water.”

©Plan

Right: Cooked food being distributed by Plan to flood survivors in Kot Mithon, Rajanpur

Omer, 34, Nashaib Shumali

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©Plan/Warisara Sornpet

The Way Forward The Pakistan floods of 2010 were a tragic reminder that disasters, however “natural”, are profoundly discriminatory: some people are always more vulnerable than others and poverty and vulnerability are closely linked. The majority of those who lost their lives or whose livelihood was completely destroyed by the floods were people and communities already living in poverty. Through the concerted efforts of Plan and many other organisations, most of the 20 million people affected by floods have been able to start rebuilding their lives. However, the silt, standing water and saturated soil the waters left behind continue to make rebuilding houses and restoring farmlands difficult and even impossible in some areas. Additionally, the vulnerability to future flooding remains high, with seasonal monsoons a yearly threat and the potential for this year’s rains to disrupt repair work on houses, croplands and flood defences. Sanitation, education and livelihood problems attributable to the flood also remain widespread in the affected areas. Plan, its partners and other organisations are committed to continuing to tackle these problems together with national authorities. Moving forward, Plan is focusing its recovery resources on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) projects, in particular to improve children’s protection from diseases that could interrupt their education. Plan is also taking a holistic approach to managing disasters, working in the most vulnerable districts of southern Punjab and Sindh, and putting children’s priorities at the centre. Using the lessons of the 2010 floods, and ensuring that children have a voice in the preparedness planning, Plan will work to strengthen local government systems and improve the effectiveness of civil society organisations. Plan will continue to advocate for the rights of children during disasters and will work in partnership with local organisations and governments so families and communities in Pakistan are better prepared for future emergencies. www.plan-international.org/pakistanrecovery

©Plan/Shona Hamilton

Right: Band plays and boy dances to celebrate the opening of a child- friendly space set up by Plan

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Appendix Activity

Sub -Activity

Scale of Activity

Beneficiaries

Registration

Registration of flood affectees

313 locations

292,711 individuals

Food Aid

Cooked food

7,711 daigs (513,230) meals

256,615 individuals fed 2 times/day

Food package (dry ration)

17,931 food packages

17,931 families

Ordinary biscuits

9,192 packets

6,184 individuals

Milk ¼ litre pack

83,000 litre packs (19,950 litres)

21,026 individuals

Eid package

14,333 Eid packages

14,333 families

Provision of high energy biscuits

31,1796 biscuit packs

29,685 families

Tents installed (25 feet x 25 feet)

310 tents

12,215 individuals 1,643 families

Tarp line (small tents)

3,999 tarp lines

13,749 families

Distribution of tool kits

18,504 tool kits

18,504 households

Distribution of shelter kits

6,999 kits

6,999 households

Distribution of shelter sheets

3,700 kits

3,700 households

Distribution of plastic mats

1,973 plastic mats

child-friendly spaces

Distribution of floor mats

3,802 mats

3,802 households

Distribution of health and hygiene kits

48,460 kits

47,771 families

Distribution of information and education material on health and hygiene

11,082 posters/ pamphlets

46,199 individuals/ CFS

Community health and hygiene sessions

772 sessions

38,700 participants

Development and distribution of banners on health and hygiene

1,748 banners

2,508 spots/events

Village cleaning campaigns

170 events/ campaigns

7,566 participants

Distribution of mosquito nets

21,180 nets

15,053 families

Tankers for refilling

260 tankers

general masses

Tanks installed

213 tanks

29,870 individuals

Mineral water with packet of oral rehydration salts

10,000 bottles

10,000 individuals

Provision of aqua tab for water sterlisation

101,526 packs

12,400 households

Hand pumps installed

544 hand pumps

One hand pump on average; installed for 7 families

Pit latrines installed

1,234 pit latrines

24,047 individuals

Housing / Shelter

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

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Activity

Sub -Activity

Scale of Activity

Beneficiaries

Child Protection and Psychosocial Aid

Establishment of child-friendly spaces (CFS)

301 locations

20,387 children

Tents for CFS

296 locations

20,387 children

Installation of latrine tents at CFS

255 tents

20,387 children

Health kits

2,600 kits

2,600 children

Dress for children

1,250 dresses

1,250 children

Training of trainers/trainings of the caregiver staff

2 training of trainers 22 trainings

609 trainees

Distribution of information and education material on psychosocial support and child protection

4,950 posters/pamphlets/ charts

15,219 individuals/ CFS/ sessions

Provision of play and educational material

6,000 items

4,576 children

Community awareness-raising session on child protection

418 sessions

19,555 participants

Cultural events

11 events

35,801 participants

Recreational kits for children age 3-6 years

300 kits

300 CFS

Recreational kits for children age 6-13 years

300 kits

300 CFS

Provisions of footwear to the children attending CFS

53,785 pairs of shoes

53,785 individuals

Distribution of kitchen kits

22,000 kits

22,000 households

Distribution of winter kits

18,500 kits

19,912 households

Distribution of blankets

8,103 blankets

7,273 households

Training of trainers on disaster risk reduction (DRR)

3 trainings of trainers

80 participants

Sessions on disaster risk reduction

255 sessions

14,212 participants

Training for community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations

2 trainings

49 participants

Workshops for journalists

6 workshops

58 participants

Non-Food Items

Disaster Risk Reduction

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Plan Pakistan House No: 9, Street No: 32 F-7/1, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Tel: +92 51 260 9435-41 www.plan-international.org/pakistan Plan Asia Regional Office 18th Floor, Ocean Tower 2 Building 75/24 Sukhumvit 19 Road, Klongtoey Nua Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand Tel: +66 2 204 2630 Fax: +66 2 204 2629 E-mail: [email protected] www.plan-international.org/asia ISBN 978-1-906273-27-9 Pakistan Floods Report 2011

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