“Indians” and India BRINGING TWO DIFFERENT WORLDS TOGETHER, A CULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS, FALL 2014 WAPSHKANKWET SARAH PERROT
“Indians” or Native
Americans, as some prefer to say
Native Land: N. America Cultural Overview:
Collectivistic: there are many subsets of cultures within the Native community When starting this project I was forced to look at a larger issue, that I believe most nIshnabe'k students who travel off Reservations and Native Land, face; who am I? Am I “Indian” or am I American? Native American? American Indian?
I am nIshnabe’k, I’m also a student, and a woman, pieces of all of these cultures will be reflected and present in my Culture Research Project.
When I started this semester I chose to register for “Intercultural Communications” for numerous reasons, most of which were outlined in chapter one of this book; the number one reason, the one that had heaviest influence on why I chose to complete my Cultural Research Project on India, was to deepen my self-awareness and awareness of others.
EXAMINING THE WORLD’S RELATIONSHIP WITH INDIA: DOMESTIC WORKFORCE DIVERSITY COMPREHENDING THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN GLOBAL COMMUNICATION GLOBAL AND PERSONAL PEACE
The Republic of India: civilization can be dated back about 5,000 years.
Hindi is the official language of India, with almost 400 various languages spoken. SV, who I interviewed for this project was taught and is able to speak & write several languages.
Society throughout India is divided into social ranks, called castes. India is a very spiritual country; about 80% of Indians are Hindu, about 13% are Muslim, with smaller numbers of people associated with Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism.
Symbols, Meanings, Norms…
CULTURE: A Learned Meaning System: Surface –level Culture: Bollywood Movies, Disney, Fashion, Attire Intermediate-Level Culture: Bindi, War Bonnet Deep-Level Culture: Hindu, Madae, Caste, Clan we often have our first “taste” of other’s culture with the Surface level, but to the messenger these things are part of the intermediate-level.
Indians: example of a Symbol: Bindi Meanings & Cultural Norms, Traditions, and Beliefs: The larger the red bindi on her forehead it is believed to usher in prosperity and longevity for her husband. In various regions of India girls and women wear the Bindisometimes associated with marriage, and religion.
nIshnabe’k: example of symbol: “Headdress” Meanings & Cultural Norms, Traditions, and Beliefs: A headdress, more commonly called a war bonnet is a collection of experiences and honors a warrior earns for wins in battle, fasting, sacrifices for his people, and selfless acts he’s lived over a period of his life.
Intercultural Communication is defined as the symbolic exchange process whereby individuals from two or more different cultural communities attempt to negotiate shared meanings in an interaction situation within the embedded social system…
IDENTITY MEANING: HOW DO I DEFINE MYSELF IN THIS INTERACTION SCENE? SV USED A VARIETY OF WAYS TO COMMUNICATE WHO SHE WAS… INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NON-VERBAL FORMS OF COMMUNICATION, STORIES FROM INDIA, AND LIFE EXPERIENCES. EXAMPLE: IN INDIA IT IS NOT A COMMON PRACTICE TO TOUCH UPON GREETING, INSTEAD YOU HOLD YOUR HANDS IN FRONT OF YOU, PALMS PRESSED TOGETHER, THEN SLIGHTLY BOW, AND SAY “NAMASTE”.
A Staircase Model and Culture Shock Your flexibility as an intercultural communicator can fall into one of four stages: 1). Unconscious Incompetence 2). Conscious Incompetence
3). Conscious Competence 4). Unconscious Competence
I believe that both SV and myself fall into the last 2 stages due to the heavy intercultural environments both people have been exposed to; both cultures being collectivistic and both cultures being very hospitable, and heavily influenced by religions and spiritualism.
Culture Shock: A piece of the past… My first Culture Shock experience was in the United States, I was 12 years old and I moved from Southern California to The Wind River Indian Reservation. A “Rez” or reservation is a reserve of allotted land that was given to the indigenous people of what is now the United States of America, typically two enemy tribes were placed on these land reserves, or the Natives were taken to a new area (my people were taken to OK) and forced to live on land that was undesirable and was thought to not sustain life. I was away from my family, I isolated and it took me a very long time to make friends, I was not allowed to participate in the Arapaho and Shoshone language and culture classes. I did start playing sports and after a semester of school there I moved and went to a Prep school that was for Native Students closer to an Urban area where there was more acceptance for other tribes and Nations…developing relationships with my teammates was what helped me the most.
SV’s first Culture Shock experience was when she moved to the United Sates, as I’d mentioned before, at age 19 years old. Prior to coming to North America her exposure to Americans was limited to what she saw in movies (James Bond, men and women). She did say that it was hard to adjust at first because she stayed at home and did not have much interaction and experience outside of the home to make a strong support system. SV felt like the most intense part of culture shock that she experienced was the separation from her family. Being at home alone was difficult, at first. Since coming to the U.S. and making this her family’s home, including raising children, she has come to describe herself as having a Bicultural Identity…developing relationships was what helped her adjust the most, knowing several languages and being able to write, speak, and understand them also helped.
Culture Shock: Preparing for the future… traveling abroad, I will be viewed as an American, and while I do relate more closely with my nIshnabe’k roots, I am an American and that’s how I will be viewed by those outside of our nation’s boarders. I anticipate differences in how I will have to conduct myself as a woman, in order to maintain respect for the people, customs, and culture I am visiting, as well as keep myself and those I am with safe.
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: Indians and nIshnabe’k Families Indians: Collectivism
Men stand as head of the household and make most of the family decisions.
Common for women to handle domestic concerns and concerns with children
Family issues are kept within the immediate family which is typically the married couple and their children, family issues are not presented to others in a social setting.
Everyone acts in the best interest and honor of the family.
nIshnabe’k: Collectivism
Matriarchal family system, women typically tend to care for all and be the “home owners”. Men have certain duties and tasks they carry out; typically spiritual leaders and sit on councils.
Entire family, including extended family and ‘family through the pipe’ assist with childrearing, “It takes a village” mentality.
Family issues, including health concerns, are shared with council and elders so everyone can pray and assist with healing or correcting.
Everyone acts in the best interest and honor of the people or Nation.
Subset cultures play in here…there is much poverty, intercultural marriage, and single family homes in the native community.
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: In Appearance Indians
Wearing leather can be considered offensive, especially in temple or spiritual services. Women must keep their upper arms, chest, back, and legs covered at all times. Hairstyles for women vary for aesthetic and practical purposes, many Indian women keep their hair dark and natural. For special occasions hair may be pulled up and back off of neck.
nIshnabe’k
Modern clothing and attire dictates, due to colonization, red is a sacred color to all tribes. It is common to see Natives wear basic colors with little or bold patterns.
Beadwork or ribbon work is popular and traditional, after settlement and trading with settlers took place.
For Madae and Spiritual services women are to cover legs to ankle and arms to wrist, up to neck. Very conservative.
Hair is kept long and pulled back to braids or away from face. Cut when one is in mourning. Traditionally different rules for men and tribes differ. –Many rules around hair for those who choose a traditional life. Again, various tribes have different rules; Mohawk, Comanche, Apache, Pawnee, Choctaw
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: In Behavior Indians
The head is sacred and to be considered the seat of the soul, do not touch the head of another.
Do not point, use your entire hand. Hand signals are very important and there are many to learn in regions of India.
Whistling is impolite and winking may be interpreted as either an insult or a sexual proposition. Gifts are not opened in the presence of the giver. If you receive a wrapped gift, set it aside until the giver leaves Femininity and Masculinity are defined and honored.
nIshnabe’k
The head is sacred and not to be touched, same with hair. Never touch a Native woman’s hair without permission.
Do not point with one finger, use your head, eyes, or chin.
Whistling is not polite and some may feel a spirit or ancestor from the past will respond.
Gifts are very sacred and common practice to give to others, especially teachers or spiritual leaders. To deny a gift is a dishonor and disrespectful.
Femininity and Masculinity are defined and honored, traditionally…however this is something that has been put into question due to the history of massive genocide and brutality toward all Nations on their native land.
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: In Communication Indians
nIshnabe’k
Indirect Communication Patterns
Indirect Communication Patterns
Not a great concern discouraging eye contact.
Avoiding direct eye contact is common practice, does not mean the person is not listening.
Do not thank your hosts at the end of a meal. "Thank you" is considered a form of payment and therefore insulting.
There is no word for ‘thank you’ in our language, but you should show gratitude and there are gestures, including phrases or gifts.
Introducing yourself is by name, Nation, and relationship, example: Wapshkankwet, I am nIshnabe’k, I am Neasno’s middle daughter.
Titles are very important. Always use professional titles.
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: Strong Uncertainty Avoidance…Family and Work.
Indians
“India has Power Distance (PDI) as the highest Hofstede Dimension for the culture, with a ranking of 77 compared to a world average of 56.5. This Power Distance score for India indicates a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society. This condition is not necessarily subverted upon the population, but rather accepted by the population as a cultural norm.” –India Business Etiquette and Culture.
Indians Indirect Conflict Sytles…Indians do not like to say ‘No’, it’s considered rude. During conflict or disagreement there may be a vagueness or lack of commitment.
Small talk over family to begin meetings and business interactions may be acceptable because Indians are highly family oriented. This may be a way to relationship build to set up for a future relationship, if this happens do not rush into business talk…
Essential Cultural Value Patterns: Strong Uncertainty Avoidance…Family and Work.
nIshnabe’k –developing relationships
Appropriate to wait to talk to people at length or confide in them until you know them.
You understate your case and let your actions speak for you rather than your words, actions speak louder for the character of an individual than words.
It’s inappropriate to directly say that someone is wrong, again because of the value of arranging social situations so that no one is threatened and that individual autonomy is maintained.
No one should be directly told what to do.
nIshnabe’k-communication rules
It is appropriate for children to be present at adult functions, it is not appropriate for them to display themselves verbally in the presence of adults.
It’s inappropriate to express strong emotions, either verbally or non-verbally, in public or with people whom you don’t know very well.
It is inappropriate to ask questions in a direct manner, expecting an immediate response, from people whom you don’t know very well or for whom you should be showing respect.
It’s inappropriate to be the first to speak up or offer response to questions, especially if you don’t know someone.
Group Membership: Family and Gender Association I’ve identified myself as a Native American, a woman, a student-I am also a mother, daughter, and sister…we’ve also seen some of the other things that influence what has helped me identify who I am. We’ve seen that feminine identity is important and what role this plays in our cultural system, as well as the family unit. To show a different perspective….
Family and Culture…
Indians…
nIshnabe’k
Caste System, you marry within your Caste.
Highest numbers of marrying out of race and culture…
You marry for the long haul, once you are married, you stay married.
Common to have blended and singlefamily homes.
A family unit looks more like the standard nuclear family (that was quite common in America).
A family unit is commonly the entire family and includes extended and inlaws.
Gender Socialization and Interaction Patterns…
Indians
Women tend to head up the children rearing and discipline; unless the problem is too big and the husband/father has to step in.
Women tend to have a better relationship with the children for this reason. –there is variation surrounding this, due to various religions and regions of India.
Some important kinship linkages are not traced through men but through women.
Daughters of a family command the formal respect of their brothers' wives, and the mother of a household is in charge of her daughtersin-law. Among adults in a joint family, a newly arrived daughter-in-law has the least authority.
Stayed within the caste system.
Bridal Dowry-”my father started buying gold necklaces and preparing for my future wedding when he found out he was having a girl.”
nIshnabe’k
Women were typically the home owners and keepers, this has been modernized a great deal-but women still keep the house and both play a role in raising children, as does the family.
The family system is balanced, the man of the house communicates well with his wife and displays some affection, although typically not with touch, joking and humor is how this is usually done. The man of the house consults his wife before making decisions.
Men and women both had the final say over who they would end up marrying, parents generally had quite some influence over this process however since they were their elders and had to be respected.
Intercultural Acculturation is defined as the process as the degree of identity change that occurs when an individual moves from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one…by my observations both women I spoke to can be identified as Bicultural, they have held onto their root cultural beliefs and this is reflected at surface level observations. SV described this as having the best of both worlds, also including experiences with her children in this.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS REGARDING THE ADAPTION PROCESS: SYSTEM LEVEL FACTORS: CASTES INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL FACTORS: AGE MASS MEDIA-LEVEL FACTORS: CONSIDERATIONS OF HOME LANDS, IF THEY HAD COME FROM AN AREA THAT WAS MORE CLOSED OFF THEY MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO MOVIES, MUSIC, EDUCATION, GLOBAL EXPERIENCES… GROUP AFFILIATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION…CAN BE TEACHERS, MOTHERS, WOMEN, INDIANS, INDIAN AMERICAN…
American Indian is much different than saying Indian American. What I grew up hearing… “I wonder what we woulda been called if Columbus had been looking for donkeys?!” Being a tribal member and not looking like what the Hollywood or Disney images depict, there was a sense of feeling displaced if I was not with my family. I’ve always been too light to be Native and too “ethnic” to be white.
Culture Identity and Marginal Identity: Assessing your degree.
SV completed this survey from the 78th page of Understanding Intercultural Communication text book
It’s important for me to identify closely with the larger U.S. culture. SA
I do not feel a sense of belonging at all to the larger U.S. culture. SD
I usually go by the values of the overall U.S. culture. MA
I feel very confused about my membership in the larger U.S. society. SD
I often feel lost concerning my cultural membership. SD
The overall U.S. culture is an important reflection of who I am. MA
I feel anxious thinking about cultural membership issues. SD
I am an “American”, period. SA
I feel like I live on the borderline of the larger U.S. society. SD
SA-strongly agree MA-Moderately agree MD-Moderately disagree SD-Strongly disagree
Culture Identity and Marginal Identity: Assessing your degree
I completed this survey from the Understanding Intercultural Communication text book
It’s important for me to identify closely with the larger U.S. culture. MA
I do not feel a sense of belonging at all to the larger U.S. culture. SA
I usually go by the values of the overall U.S. culture. MA
I feel very confused about my membership in the larger U.S. society. SD
I often feel lost concerning my cultural membership. SD
The overall U.S. culture is an important reflection of who I am. MD
I feel anxious thinking about cultural membership issues. SD
I am an “American”, period. MD
I feel like I live on the borderline of the larger U.S. society. SA
SA-strongly agree MA-Moderately agree MD-Moderately disagree SD-Strongly disagree
Ethic Identity and Bicultural Identity: Assessing your degree
SV completed this survey from the 80th page of the Understanding Intercultural Communication text book.
I have spent time to find out more about my ethnic roots and history. SA
I subscribe to both sets of values: my ethnic values and the larger U.S. cultural values. SA
My family really emphasizes where our ancestors came from. MA
I have close friends from both my ethnic group and the larger U.S. culture. SA
My family practices distinctive ethnic traditions and customs. SA
The values of own ethnic group are very compatible with the larger U.S. cultural values. SD
I feel a sense of loyalty and pride about my own ethnic group. SA
It is important for me to be accepted by both my and the overall U.S. culture. SA
The ethnic group I belong to is an important reflection of who I am. SA
I feel comfortable identifying with both my ethnic heritage and the overall U.S. culture. SA
SA-Strongly agree MA-Moderately agree MD-Moderately disagree SD-Strongly disagree
Ethic Identity and Bicultural Identity: Assessing your degree
I completed this survey from the 80th page of the Understanding Intercultural Communication text book.
I have spent time to find out more about my ethnic roots and history. SA
I subscribe to both sets of values: my ethnic values and the larger U.S. cultural values. SA
My family really emphasizes where our ancestors came from. SA
I have close friends from both my ethnic group and the larger U.S. culture. SA
My family practices distinctive ethnic traditions and customs. SA
The values of own ethnic group are very compatible with the larger U.S. cultural values. SD
I feel a sense of loyalty and pride about my own ethnic group. SA
It is important for me to be accepted by both my and the overall U.S. culture. MA
The ethnic group I belong to is an important reflection of who I am. SA
I feel comfortable identifying with both my ethnic heritage and the overall U.S. culture. MA
SA-Strongly agree MA-Moderately agree MD-Moderately disagree SD-Strongly disagree
Cultural-Ethnic Identity Type Model that our text book
offers, gives you four options of where you can land as an ethnic person or an immigrant… * Bicultural Identity *Ethnic Oriented Identity *Marginal Identity *Assimilated Identity
taken from the 82nd page of the Understanding Intercultural Communication text book, fall 2014
“THOSE WHO IDENTIFY STRONGLY WITH ETHNIC TRADITION MAINTENANCE, AND AT THE SAME TIME INCORPORATE VALUES AND PRACTICES OF THE LARGER SOCIETY, DEVELOP THE BICULTURAL IDENTITY OR INTEGRATIVE OPTION.”UNDERSTANDING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE FOR ME… IMMERSION AT HOME, WORK OUTSIDE OF MY TRIBE, ATTEND SCHOOL AT NON-NATIVE SCHOOLS, I’M A PIPE CARRIER, ASSIST WITH TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES, SPEAK SEVERAL LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH, REGISTERED TO VOTE WITH TRIBAL AFFAIRS AND LARGER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES… -MULTIRACIAL/BIRACIAL IDENTITYMORE COMMON FOR MY CULTURE AS OPPOSED TO INDIANS. AS WELL AS FOR OUR NEXT GENERATIONS…MY KIDS, THEIR KIDS, ETC.
Connection Between Verbal Communication and Culture… “Language is very powerful. Language does not just describe reality. Language creates the reality it describes.”-Desmond Tutu
Indians
There are almost 400 languages spoken in India, as previously stated, the primary language is Hindi. Different states of India have different official languages.
nIshnabe’k
Among the nations there are hundreds of languages spoken.
Many of the languages are not traditionally written, hence “Code Talkers”, the culture is in the language. Among some, you are either Native or not Native depending your ability to speak the language.
Once the language is gone, the people and culture will not exist.
Long periods of silence will occur. –there are many reasons why.
English is one of the many official languages which is spoken and taught in educated regions of India.
It is inappropriate to be direct when asking questions, just as it is considered rude to expect an immediate response to questions.
Do not always be the first to speak.
Expect pauses in conversations, this is for emphasis and/or can show disapproval.
Most Natives who speak one language can speak or understand several Nation’s languages.
Hindi is spoken, written, and read.
Long periods of silence may happen, as it is appropriate to sit quietly and enjoy other’s company.
Many verbal languages are mixed with other Nation’s languages due to displacement and prior to settlers coming, smaller tribes would band together and make alliances with other tribes.
Phonological Rules… Or phonology of a language refers to the different acceptable procedures for combining phonemes. Phonemes are the smallest sound of units for a words…information taken from the Understanding Intercultural Communication text book.
To learn Bodewadmi is to learn and live our culture and become one of us. Elders have recently developed an alphabet and had to study other languages to even begin to create a written language. All of our culture, and until recently, language has been passed down orally, this has changed over the past two generations when our people were forced onto reservations and to speak English in boarding schools. We dilute meanings and core values (the bottom of the iceberg) when we translate, write, and read our native language.
Accent and India: linguistically everyone speaks with an accent… An accent means the inflection of tone of voice that is taken to be characteristic of an individual. –taken from the 115th page of Understanding Intercultural Communication.
Non-Verbal Communication…
Indians
Hand signals are important and due to the various regions and states, differ some.
Palm down, fingers moving toward the person, indicates: come here.
Palm extended to the front and patting the air means don’t be afraid, calm down, sit down.
A finger to the temple means the person is mad.
A hand held to the heart is a greeting which means are full and I can’t execute a proper Namaste but I’ll greet you front the level of my heart.
nIshnabe’k
Longer moments of silence are common, especially at religious events and ceremonies. It’s not uncommon to visit someone and just be silent, enjoying company…I like doing things with my friends and family, more than just sitting and talking. You are to be silent when an elder is speaking.
It’s appropriate to use a murmur, head nod, or “A’hau” to indicate you are listening or in agreement with what’s being said.
It is appropriate to make meeting times and not just drop in on someone you don’t know very well.
It’s appropriate and common for Native children to sit and be quiet for long periods of time by age3 or 4 years old.
It’s inappropriate to comfort someone who is crying or upset.
It’s inappropriate to help a child, toddlers will have a trusted family member who knows the child help them-basically follow the child around.
Not many people will touch and hold a baby, not because the baby is being neglected, but because the baby is learning to self-sooth.
Verbal and Nonverbal Comparisons
Indian
nIshnabe’k
Hands and use of hands are very important.
Touching is not common, nor appropriate/not common practice.
Much emotion and communication is done through facial expressions or eyes.
Men and women wear different clothing, there is somewhat of a socially accepted difference and separation between genders.
Murmurs, head nods, utterance (hmm), and the tone of the utterance speaks more than words or as much as words.
Whispering and humor among women.
Joking and teasing indicates you’re liked, accepted.
It’s not appropriate to sit and talk or visit with another woman’s husband or partner, this can be taken as flirting…in business or religious settings this does not matter.
As SV was growing up she did not attend coed school/classes until she was out of grammar school. It was not socially acceptable for adolescent boys and girls to socialize together.
Boundary Regulations: Interpersonal and Environmental Boundaries Indians
nIshnabe’k Proxemics: having more than arm’s length of space is polite and it is not appropriate to touch others without permission. PDA is not appropriate. Do not touch a small child or Elder, greeting can be done verbally.
Indians Proxemics: touching with a handshake or hug, upon greeting is not done. PDA is not common practice.
Boundary Regulations: Psychological Boundaries… Breaking unspoken rules, invades your personal space, comes too close when there is plenty of space to go around.
COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURES TEND TO HAVE HIGHER NUMBERS OF INTROVERTS… INDIA IS KNOWN FOR IT’S LARGE, AND OVERCROWDED POPULATION. -UNSPOKEN “CURFEW” FOR WOMEN, ALSO A WOMAN’S BUS… TEXTBOOK TIPS; CREATING MY OWN PERSONAL SPACE, INVOLVING MYSELF IN SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES THAT FOSTER OVERALL HEALTH, FOLLOW A ROUTINE THAT MINIMIZES ANXIETY AND STRESS.
What causes us to hold biases to out-groups? Stereotypes: “we are what we watch” Not a Feather, but a Dot film by Teju Prasad, 2011
What causes us to hold biases to out-groups?
Indians
Hindu/Muslim…this continues here in the United States, after 2011 and over the years there have been attacks on Indian people, those incompetent did not know the difference and thought that Indians were Muslim terrorists.
“The plight of Women in India”
“More than 165 million people in India continue to be subject to discrimination, exploitation and violence simply because of their caste.”-from Center for Human Rights and Global Justice NYU law school
nIshnabe’k
Cowboys & “Indians”-the truth on this matter is something that is becoming more honest, and at the same time, minimized.
Ethnocentrism is heavy within the subset cultures…inability to enroll new generations
Huge mistrust between First Nations and the United States Government, the US government has continued to break all treaties (to this day).
Hate Crimes: Stand Against Violence and Empower Native Women Act Crimes against Native women have been increasing, three years ago a Bill was passed in an effort to fund programs and offer more assistance to women in Native Communities. 1 in 3 Native women will be raped in her life time. 1 in 5 will be the victim/survivor of physical abuse.
More Native women marry outside of their race than any other, in the United States. Information from CNN, InAmerica and Indian Country Today Media Network, and Dianne Perrote
Conflict Styles…
Indians
Considering all we’ve looked at with indirect conflict styles…
Religion is honored and taken into consideration for proper facework and conflict enactment.
Collectivistic Culture and honoring the family name. Silence is used as a tool to speak for itself.
nIshnabe’k
Depends…there are so many different tribes, some Nations were considered “warring” tribes and some were “peaceful”-we joke about this, but it tends to play out.
Third party input, from Elder or Pipe Carrier (my dad, Donald Perrot)
Other-mutual face-sensitive in dealing with disputes in everyday live
Conflict is avoided, if unavoidable Fight or Flight is initiated…
Silence and “planned ignoring” is heavily relied on.
Going back to Chapter one in
Understanding Intercultural Communication: “Why Study Intercultural Communication?”
I HAD STATED THE MAIN GOAL OF TAKING THIS COURSE WAS TO DEEPEN MY SELFAWARENESS AND AWARENESS OF OTHERS, THROUGH THIS PROJECT I THINK I HAVE PAVED THE BEGINNING OF LONG PATH FOR MYSELF AND MY FAMILY. IT WASN’T SIMPLY DONE THROUGH THIS PROJECT, BUT THE ENTIRE EXPERIENCE, INCLUDING WHAT I HAVE LEARNED FROM OUR TEACHER, MY FELLOW STUDENTS, AND THOSE WHO I HAD THE HONOR OF INTERVIEWING AND SPENDING TIME WITH. MEGWETCH, WAPSHKANKWET
Why study intercultural communication? “Because what happens when people feel like they have to erase themselves in order to become a part of some mysterious whole, is that we rob each other of the beauty of our differences…” -Jamila Lyiscott TED Radio Hour
Bibliography: text sources
Baldwin, John, Dr. "India versus North America." Cultural Comparisons COM 272. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
Dianne and Donald Perrot, in person communication, Nov. 2014
"India." India. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
"In This Section: Business Culture in India." Business Communication Styles in India and Successful Communication with Indian Businesses and Colleagues. World Business Culture, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014.
S. Venkataswamy, In person communication, Nov. 2014
Sharma-winter, Dianne. "Heading Overseas? A Guide to Non Verbal Communication in India." Heading Overseas? Independent Travel Advice for Australians. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
Ting-Toomey, Stella, and Leeva C. Chung. Understanding Intercultural Communication. New York: Oxford UP, 2012. Print.
Bibliography: image sources
“Google Images. India. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014.
"India." India. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
Phllips, Jack. "India's Population Hits Over 1.2 Billion." The Epoch Times. The Epoch Times, 31 Mar. 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
"Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation." Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation. N.p.,
