Coosa High School Rome, Georgia Instructor: Randy Vice

Created by: Jennifer Massengale, Megan Bollen, and Courtney Phillips

HCP WORLD HISTORY PROJECT World War I SECTION ONE: POWERPOINT SECTION TWO: WRITTEN REPORT

SECTION ONE

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

World War 1 By: Courtney Phillips, Megan Bollen, and Chelsea Massengale

Causes Of World War One…

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The building up of military & alliances.

The arrest of Princip

The rise of Nationalism.

CHRISTMAS?!?! • It is legend that on the first Christmas of the war all fighting was abandoned. And both sides participated in a football match. • This was called the “Christmas Truce”

The Christmas Truce (cont.) • The image of opposing soldiers, shaking hands with each other on one day and then deliberately trying to kill each other the next, is a powerful one, and one which is part and parcel of remembrance of the Great War. It was, perhaps, a last example of open-handed chivalry before the squalor and horror of the next three years changed the old world for ever. • It wasn't quite "Goodwill to ALL men" at Christmas, 1914.

This is Pte. Ernest Palfrey, who was killed on that Christmas Day.

Why… • JUNE 28- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. • JULY 28Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife

Uniforms of WW1

• These are the uniforms that were worn during the first two years of WW1.

Recruitment • For men to be able to be soldiers, they had to take the oath.

Home front… • Life on the home front was very depressing because all food and clothing was going to the troops.

Weapons… • What were some of the weapons used??? • Tanks • Gases

David Lloyd George

President Wilson in White House

1916

The Romanovs

1916 • February 10, 1916: British conscription law goes into effect • February 21 - December 18: The longest battle of the war, the Battle of Verdun, is fought to a draw with an estimated one million casualties. • April 9: Canadians take Vimy Ridge

Dead French Soldiers in trench

1916 • April 19: US President Wilson publicly warns Germany not to continue unrestricted submarine warfare policies • May 31-June 1: The Battle of Jutland, the only major naval engagement of the war is fought with no clear winner. • July 1-November 18: The Battle of the Somme results in an estimated one million casualties and no breakthrough for the Allies. British introduce the tank, an effective weapon but far to few to make much of a difference.

President Woodrow Wilson

1916 • November 7: Woodrow Wilson re-elected President of the United States with campaign slogan: “He kept us out of the war” • December 7: David Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister of Britain. • December 31: Rasputin, the self-avowed holy man and confidant to the Tsarina, is murdered by relatives of the Tsar.

Grigori Rasputin

American artillery gun, nicknamed Calamity Jane

1917

Vladimir Lenin

President Wilson addressing Congress

1917 •

• • • •

January 19, 1917: Reich Foreign Secretary Zimmermann's telegram to Mexico urging her entry into war against the United States is discovered and translated by the British. February 1: Germany again declares unrestricted submarine warfare. March 15: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates. Provisional government is declared. April 6: President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war with Imperial Germany. April 16-29: French launch disastrous offensive at Chemin des Dames, advancing only 500 yards at the cost of 250,000 plus casualties.

German Submarine

1917 • April – June: Over half a million French soldiers mutiny, or "go on strike" and refuse to continue the failed offensive. • May 18: The United States passes the Selective Service Act empowering the Federal Government to draft men for the armed forces. • July 1 – 16: Russian Army lead by Alexander Kerensky begins last -and disastrous -- offensive in Galicia.

Selective Service goes into effect

1917 • July 3: The first wave of the American Expeditionary Force lands in France. • July 31-November 10: Third Battle of Ypres, known as Passchendaele, results in minor gains, but still no breakthrough in the Western front at the cost of 700,000 casualties for both sides. • October 23: American troops in France fire their first shot in trench warfare. • November 7: Bolshevik socialists, led by Lenin, overthrow Kerensky's government.

George Patton with tank

1917 • December 3: The new Russian government, represented by Leon Trotsky, signs an armistice with Germany. • December 9: British capture Jerusalem from the Turks and her Arab allies.

Leon Trotsky

March of 1918 • Ludendorff launched his series of major offensive assaults against the British • This happened in the Battle of Picardy in an effort to gain a victory before everyone realized America had joined the war. • First aircraft built at the Naval Aircraft Factory, was the H-16 seaplane, it was flown for the first time. • It was later used for the antisubmarine patrol from United States and European stations.

May of 1918 • First American-made DH-4, with Liberty engine, received in the AEF. • US Army Aeronautics was removed from the Signal Corps and two air departments were created: Bureau of Military Aeronautics and Bureau of Aircraft Production. • German U-boats made their first appearance in US waters • 28th Regiment of US 1st Division goes into battle at town of Cantigny • German troops advance to the Marne but are stopped by US troops.

July and August of 1918 •  Anglo-French counter-attack at Amiens supported by heavy artillery and 400 tanks achieved a major success. • Ludendorff describes it as 'the Black Day' for the German army. • 1st US Army organized under Pershing

WWI Tank “Little Willie”

Sept. and Oct. of 1918 • American troops landed at Archangel in North Russia. • The United States launched an offensive attack on St. Mihiel. • Bulgaria signed a armistice. • American began an offensive attack at St Mihiel. • Allied offensive attack at Meuse-Argonne begins; greatest offense attack of war for the US forces. • Germans and Austrians send notes to Wilson requesting an armistice

Nov. and Dec. of 1918 • America breaks through Germany’s defense at Meuse. • Mutiny of the German fleet, the Soviets took control over Kiel.

• On the eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month, the Armistice is signed which effectively halted the War. • Wilson announced that he will attend the peace conference personally

Woodrow Wilson

During the war • While the war was going on, the United States was fighting an epidemic. • Influenza • The US believed that our enemies started this epidemic to weaken our troops. But it turned out quit the opposite. • We sent infected troops to fight, by doing this we infected their troops. • This epidemic killed millions.

I had a little bird it’s name was enza

I opened up the window and in-flu-enza!

After the war… The first few months after the war. •

January 1919 * Sparticist (Communist) revolt begins in Berlin * Peace negotiations start at Paris * The Peace Conference accepts control of the League of Nations • February 1919 * The German National Assembly meets at Weimar * The Draft Covenant of the League of Nations was completed * Wilson arrives at Boston aboard George Washington * The Lodge starts campaign against The League of Nations

3. March *The founding of Comintern (The Third Communist International) at Moscow * Admiral Kolchak begins his offensive attack against Bolsheviks in Russian Civil War *Wilson returned to Paris after being gone for a month 4. April * Wilson gets sick with influenza * Allies evacuate Odessa * Wilson appeals directly to the Italians trying to gain some of their support for his views on peace settlement * Italian Premier Orlando gets up and walks out of peace conference over the Fiume issue

• May * The Peace Conference got rid of Germany's colonies * The Treaty of Versailles was submitted to the German delegation • June * German High Seas Fleet took off at Scapa Flow (British naval base) * Treaty of Versailles was signed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles disarmed Germany of a military air force but it did not include rockets as potential weapons, which left Germany free make them Hall of Mirrors

SECTION TWO

HANDWRITTEN REPORT