Chapter 21 World War I

Section 1 Objectives • Identify the major causes of unrest in Europe • Discuss the results of the strategy that was used during the early fighting in the war • Explain why the war settled into a stalemate

Objective 1: Identify the major causes of unrest in Europe • Nationalism-loyalty to the nation, or one’s country • Territorial Rivalries-rightful territory • Militarism-glorification of military strength • Alliances-long-term agreements among nations

Objective 2: Discuss the results of the strategy that was used during the early fighting in the war Early WWI Strategy and Response Allied Power Nations Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia

Allied Response Sent troops to Belgium and fought the Battle of the Marne; began a war of attrition

Central Power Nations Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Early Strategy Strike France through neutral Belgium, cut-off Britain, then attack Russia

Objective 3: Explain why the war settled into a stalemate Terms: trench warfare, cavalry charges, artillery barrages, decisive battles • Stalemate: trench warfare, artillery barrages, dug trenches for defense purposes, artillery barrages kept them in the trenches. • Prevented Stalemate: cavalry charges, decisive battles, decisive battles have a winner, cavalry charges were more offensive, that would have prevented a stalemate • Your assignment: page 632 number 1-5 due Monday, 1/9/12

Section 2 Objectives • Relate the challenges the United States faced while trying remain neutral. • Identify the events that led to U.S. entry into the war. • Explain how the United States prepared its military for World War I. • Describe the types of experiences Americans had while serving in Europe.

Objective 1: Relate the challenges the United States faced while trying remain neutral. • Sympathy/Opinions-Allied Powers: Americans shared a common language and culture; common problem because of the Germans Central Powers: some Americans were of those descents; IrishAmericans wanted Ireland to gain independence • Propaganda campaigns-British campaign painted the Germans as killers, increased American support for the Allies • Blockades-British laid mines in the North Sea; stopped U.S. ships and searched cargo • Submarine Attacks-Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex was torpedoed by German U-Boat killing Americans on board

Objective 2: Identify the events that led to U.S. entry into the war. U. S. Entry into WWI March 1916

February 1917

March 1917

April 1917

Event: Sussex attacked

Event: Germans resume u-boat warfare

Event: Zimmerman note

Event: Declaration of war

Significance: Americans on board Wilson threatens to cut diplomatic ties German issue Sussex pledge

Significance: Wilson cut diplomatic ties Orders arming of American ships

Significance: Proved Germans were hostile

Significance: US joined the allies

Objective 3: Explain how the United States prepared its military for World War I. • Legislation- Selective Service Act; males of certain age must register with draft board • Recruiting- draft, volunteers; recruited African Americans and American Indians • Training- quickly constructed training locations; accelerated training for troops

Objective 4: Describe the types of experiences Americans had while serving in Europe. • Soldier: under the command of John J. Pershing, greeted with cheers as they marched to the tomb of Lafayette, had a sense of purpose • Nurse: long hours, always busy, traumatized by experience, volunteers for the Red Cross, YMCA, and other agencies

Section 3 Objectives • Describe how the U.S. government prepared the nation for war. • Discuss how organized labor and volunteers contributed to the war effort. • Explain why African Americans moved to the North. • Relate how the government created support for, and limited opposition to, the war.

Objective 1: Describe how the U.S. government prepared the nation for war. • Government established programs to finance the war • Conserved scarce resources • Redirected industry and labor toward wartime production • Launched propaganda campaign

Objective 2: Discuss how organized labor and volunteers contributed to the war effort. THE WAR EFFORT

Organized LaborContributions and Effects: -Filled posts to replace workers who left to fight -Went on strike to demand higher wages and benefits -Improved working conditions during the war

Volunteers-Contributions and Effects: -Conserved energy and recycled essential materials -Grew vegetables in victory gardens -Purchased liberty bonds -Founded support organizations

Objective 3: Explain why African Americans move to the North. • • • •

Job opportunities/higher wages Escape discrimination in the South Hopes for a better standard of living Recruitment efforts encouraged African Americans to move North

Objective 4: Relate how the government created support for, and limited opposition to, the war. • Support: Committee on Public Informationissued propaganda • Opposition: Espionage Act and Sedition Actsuppressed dissent on war issues

Section 4 Objectives • List the final events of World War I. • Identify the goals of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points. • Summarize the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. • Explain why the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles. • Discuss the global impact of World War I.

Objective 1: List the final events of World War I. • Battles/Locations: Battle of Argonne Forest, SaintMihiel, Chateau-Thierry, Paris • Troop/Civilian Morale: German civilians rioted because of food shortages; troops gave up and/or mutinied • Revolutions: Russian Revolution; Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the czar

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See American History Outline Map

Objective 2: Identify the goals (6) of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points. • • • • • •

Establish the League of Nations Self-determination Secret diplomacy Arms race Trade barriers Territorial disputes

Objective 3: Summarize the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Objective 4: Explain why the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

Terms of the Treaty

Senate’s Objections

-Established mandate system -Divided Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman Empire among Allied nations -Created new nations

-Irreconcilables completely rejected the League of Nations -Reservationists objected to Article 10 of the League covenant, believed it would force the U.S. into war

The Treaty of Versailles

Objective 5: Discuss the global impact of World War I. • Human toll-8.5 million died, 21 million wounded • Economic toll-German economy tanked, inflation; Agriculture and Industry production low in Europe • Chaos in Germany-riots among civilians, revolutions, kaiser was replaced • Territorial disputes-countries fighting over what territories they should have gotten from the treaty