French Posters from World War I

INDEX OF FRENCH ARTISTS FROM WORLD WAR I

French Posters from World War I

Checklist numbers for the posters executed by an artist follow the artist’s name and dates. Adler, Jules, 1865–1952 1 Adler, student of Bouguereau, Robert-Fleury, and Dagnan-Bouveret, was a member of the Comité du Salon des Artistes Français and one of the founders of the Salon d’Automne. He received many medals for his work from the Ecole des Beaux Arts. During 1914–18, he was sent to the front as an official war artist. His main interest, however, was in depicting street life and the lower economic classes. Arnoux, Guy, 1886–1951 104 As a member of the Salon des Humoristes, Arnoux helped develop a new popular art by creating posters or illustrations in the “image d’Epinal” style, that is, doing an artistic rendering of war using the folk art tradition. Auris, Camille 2 Auris is possibly Camille Aurisse, a painter who showed his work at the Salon d’Automne between 1919 and 1921.

Index of French Artists

Barbier, Fernand Jean 5 Barbier was a student of Paul Lambert and a member of the Salon des Artistes Français. Basté 6 Bernard, Édouard, b. 1890 7, 172 A designer and painter about whom little is known. Besnard, Albert, 1849–1934 8 Albert Besnard won the Prize of Rome in 1874 and was a founding member of the Société Nationale des Beaux Arts. Bonnerot, Jean 278 Pseudonym: A. Rapeño. Bouisset, Firmin, 1859–1925 9 Born in Moissac, Bouisset was a prolific poster designer as well as a book illustrator. Bréval, Roger 105 Camis (Affiches) 113 Cap, Geo. [Constant-Aimé-Marie], b. 1842 184– 85

French Posters from World War I

Capon, G. 241 Carlu, Jacques 10, 11, 205 Jacques Carlu, brother of the famous poster artist Jean Carlu, was an architect.

Index of French Artists

Eugène Courboin was a genre painter who studied with Bonnat and Coninick, and exhibited his work at the Paris Salon from 1878 to 1895. Crepaux, F. A. 179

Castrez? 261

D., M. 242

Chavannaz 12, 98

Dangon, Henri 243

Chavannaz, B. 13–16 Chavannaz, D. 17 Cheffer, Henry, 1880–1957 114 Student of Bonnat and Patricot and member of the Société des Artistes Français, Cheffer exhibited his watercolors and etchings at several international expositions (Liège, London, Florence, Madrid) and was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. Clairin, Georges Jules Victor, 1843–1919 18, 271 Clairin studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts with Pils and Picot. He was known for his portraits of famous people such as actress Sarah Bernhardt. Courboin, Eugène 153, 162

Delaspre, H. 106 This is perhaps Delaspre’s only poster, as he was known as a sculptor. Delteil Fils Fres. 173 Dorival, Géo, b. 1879 206–7, 215–16 Dorival studied at the Ecole des Arts Décoratifs and exhibited his work at the Salon des Artistes Français. Droit, Jean 21–22 Along with many of the war artists, Droit served as a lieutenant in the First World War. He designed some notable posters at this time, although his best known poster was the one he made for the Olympic Games of 1924. Droit was also a painter and illustrator.

French Posters from World War I

Dusin or Cousin? 24 Duval, Constant Léon, b. 1877 25 Duval was a student of Guillemet and P. Dupuy. Faivre, Abel, 1867–1945 26–35, 115 A student at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Faivre also went to Paris to study with Benjamin Constant, Jules Le Febvre, and Auguste Renoir. He produced some of the most memorable posters of the war, particularly in the area of war finance. As a founding member of the Société des Artistes Humoristes, Faivre collaborated with a number of satirical journals, producing many popular caricatures. He was also favorably regarded as a genre and portrait painter.

Index of French Artists

Little is known of Charles Foerster except that he was a student of the Austrian artist Coutan. Forain, Jean Louis, 1852–1931 187, 208 Forain, a painter and caracturist, contributed to many satirical magazines, particularly Le Rire and Le Courrier Francais. He was a founding member of the Société des Humoristes, and he also founded Psst with Caran d’Ache. Forain is particulary remembered for his draftsmanship, in capturing not only wartime subjects but everyday life in Paris as well.

Flot, Louis 272

Fouqueray, Charles, 1872–1956 99, 117, 118, 159 Charles Fouqueray studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under Cabanel and Cormon and exhibited his work at the Salon des Artistes Français. He was a member of the Comité des Artistes Français and of the Jury de l’Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and he was made an officer of the Légion d’Honneur. After his war work, which he produced as the official artist of the French army, Fouqueray specialized in seascapes.

Foerster, C[harles] H. 116

Friant, Emile 188, 244

Falter, Marcel, b. 1866 36, 37 Falter made his debut at the Salon d’Automne in 1923 and later exhibited his work at the Salon d’Automne and the Salon des Indépendants.

French Posters from World War I

Galais, F. 217

Index of French Artists

Galerie Brunner 245

ing his work as early as 1886. His war work inspired his realistic compositions, which touched upon allegorical symbolism.

Galland, André, b. 1886 8, 180

Guindet, A. 276, 277

Gottlob, Fernand Louis, 1873–1935 163 Painter, caricaturist, printmaker, and illustrator, Gottlob studied under Jobbé-Duval. His satirical illustrations were included in Le Rire, Le Sourire, and Gil Blas Illustré. His posters were included in the 1899 exhibit of the Société Peintres-Lithographes and later that year at the Salon des Cent.

Harris, Lawrence 209

Goursat, Georges Marie, 1863–1934 39–41 Georges Goursat worked under the pseudonym SEM and became well known as a caricaturist. He produced many books of sketches of high society, especially during “La Belle Epoque.” He served on the committee of the Salon des Humoristes and contributed to several satirical journals.

JOB; see Onfroy de Bréville, Jacques-MarieGaston (1858–1931)

Groux, Henry de, 1867–1930 246 Groux was a student at the Académie des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles where he began exhibit-

Haulor, C.(?) 262–64 Iribe, Paul, 1883–1935 265 As an illustrator and caricaturist during the war, Iribe collaborated with Dufy, Cocteau, and SEM in publishing the satirical periodical Le Mot.

Jonas, Lucien Hector, 1880–1947 42–47, 119– 20, 154 –56, 189–91, 247– 49, 273 Jonas studied in Valenciennes before going to Paris where he became a member of the Jury de la Gravure. The drawings and lithographs he created during the war, especially a series titled The Heroic Soul of France, brought his work popular appeal. His later work revolved around scenes of everyday life and the less fortunate in Paris.

French Posters from World War I

Index of French Artists

K.B. Co. 176

Lemaire, Germaine 192

Knight, Daniel Ridgeway, 1859–1924 48 Daniel Ridgeway Knight was an Americanborn artist who was a student of Gleyre and Meissonier in Paris. He won the gold medal at Munich in 1888, and the silver medal in 1889, and he was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur in 1889. The works of this artist are very popular today.

Lemielle, E. 165

Léandre, Charles-Lucien, 1862–1930 121–24 Léandre is best remembered for his humorous drawings, and along with Louis Morin, he was one of the founding members of the Société des Humoristes. He won several medals at the Exposition Universalle and was awarded the Légion d’Honneur in 1900. He contributed to different satirical periodicals such as L’Assiette au Beurre, Le Chat Noir, Le Rire, Le Gaulois, La Vie Moderne, and La Grosse Caisse. He also illustrated books by writers such as Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, and Guy de Maupassant. LeCasque 49 Lelong, A. 50, 51

Leroux, Auguste, b. 1871 52–54, 125, 218 As a student of Bonnat, Leroux became a portraitist and history painter, winning the Grand Prix de Rome in 1894. He served as a member of the Jury du Salon des Artistes Français in 1904. He is best known for the illustrations he drew for books by Balzac, Flaubert, and Stendahl. Leroy, Maurice 250 Although known as a posterist, Leroy contributed to many humorous publications, including Candide, during the first half of the twentieth century. Lesbounit 279 Lévy-Dhurmer, Lucien, 1865–1953 126, 193 Lévy-Dhurmer was born in Algeria and later became a student of Collin, Vion, and Wallet and exhibited his work at the Salon des Artistes Français. He received a bronze medal in the 1900 Exposition Universelle, as well as the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur that same

French Posters from World War I

year. He was associated with the Salon de la Nationale des Beaux-Arts after 1906. LévyDhurmer was known primarily as a ceramist and a sculptor and his work in these disciplines influenced his painting. Lorin, G. 55 Loubère, P. 177 Malassinet, A. 56 Malherbe, William, d. 1951 57–58, 100 As a follower of Bonnard and Renoir, Malherbe is known for his still-lifes, genres, landscapes, and flowers. Later in his life, he lived for a while on a farm in Vermont, which had some influence on his work. Marchand, André 181 André Marchand was a painter of history and animals who had studied with Bonnat, Detaille, and Toudouze. He exhibited his work at the Salon des Artistes Français where he won a gold medal in 1920, and later he was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur.

Index of French Artists

Mauzan, Lucien Achille, 1883?–1952 59 Although Mauzan was born in France, he lived much of his life in Italy (1909–27) and Argentina (1927–33). Mauzan made his first poster in Italy and eventually produced over a thousand while he lived there. “Do Your Duty,” the poster he made for the war effort, was widely circulated in Italy. He returned to his native country in 1933, where he continued to create posters, postcards, paintings, prints, and sculptures until his death. Métivet, Lucien, 1863–ca. 1930 60 Métivet was a painter, illustrator, and poster designer who studied at the Académie Julian with Gustave Boulanger and Jules-Joseph Lefebvre. His work was exhibited at the Sociétaire des Artistes Français and at the Salon des Humoristes. When Métivet gave up painting in favor of drawing, his illustrations appeared in various satirical magazines such as Le Rire and Le Courrier français. The poster he designed for the competition sponsored by the New York magazine The Century advertised the publication of W.M. Sloane’s Life of Napoleon Bonaparte and won first prize. Along with Faivre, Léandre, and

French Posters from World War I

Roubille, Métivet contributed to the Théâtre La Maison du Rire built by the journal Le Rire at the Paris world’s fair in 1900. He is considered one of the most important satirical draftsmen of the 1890s and a successful poster artist as well. Mourgue, P. 128 Naudin, Bernard, 1876–1946 61, 62, 129 Educated at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and trained in the shop of Bonnat, Naudin went on to become a painter, designer, and engraver. He was known for his paintings of military subjects. In 1904 he abandoned painting to concentrate on designing, engraving, and etching. Naudin became a member of the Société du Salon d’Automne and the Société des Graveurs Français. Neumont, Maurice, 1868–1930 107, 130–32, 166–67, 274 Maurice Neumont contributed a number of very fine propaganda posters to the war effort. He was a painter and lithographer and had been a student of Gérôme. His work was included in the Salon des Artistes Français, where he won a gold medal in 1920.

Index of French Artists

Néziere, J. de la 251 Ogé, Eugène 281 As draftsman to the printing firm of Charles Verneau, Ogé produced his initial posters anonymously. His first signed poster was produced in 1890 and was titled “L’Exposition du Livre.” He also produced decorative panels and was known for the series of charcoal drawings called Etude d’Arbres that he did on rice paper. His works were exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français, where he won an honorable mention in 1901. Onfroy de Bréville, Jacques Marie-Gaston pseudonym JOB], 1858–1931 108 Onfroy de Bréville served in the military before 1882, and from 1886 to 1892 he showed his military paintings at the Salon des Artistes Français under the name Bréville. Later he devoted his time to humorous designs, illustrating a number of books and collaborating on many publications both French and foreign. P., R. 63 Pann, Abel, b. 1883 275

French Posters from World War I

Pann, whose true name was Pfefferman, studied with Bouguereau and Toulouse. As a painter, lithographer, and caricaturist, Pann worked in Odessa, Vienna, Paris, and Palestine, where he returned in 1917 during the Palestine war. His major work was in illustrations of the Bible. Peirce, Waldo, b. 1884 210 Waldo Peirce studied at the Art Students’ League in New York, and at the Académie Julien in Paris. In 1915 he joined the American Ambulance Unit in France and toward the end of the war, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre. During this time, he painted numerous portraits of the officers and the poilus. He was a member of the Salon d’Automne. Picard, G. 133 Poulbot, Francisque, 1879-1946 64–65, 134–40, 194–95, 240, 252 Considered the most celebrated of the Montmartrois artists and creator of the “Gosse de Paris,” or urchin of Paris, Poulbot also submitted illustrations to various satirical magazines such as Le Rire and Sourire. He was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur.

Index of French Artists

Préjelan, René 66 Prouvé, Victor, 1858–1943 67–71, 168–69, 174, 219 Victor Prouvé was a painter, sculptor, etcher, and lithographer who had studied with Devilly and Cabanel. His work was included in the Salon des Artistes Français, and in 1891 he was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. He became the director of the Ecole des BeauxArts in Nancy. During the war, Prouvé was put in charge of propaganda for the schools and villages, and the posters included in this collection are among those he produced for this charge. Rapeño, A.; see Bonnerot, Jean Rapin, Henry, b. 1873 253 Little is known about the decorator and painter Rapin, except that he studied with Gérôme and J. Blanc and his work was included in the Salon Artistes Français. Redon, Georges, 1869–1943 72, 73 Georges Redon was a painter, printmaker, designer, and poster designer. He showed at the Salon des Artistes Français, Salon d’Automne, and

French Posters from World War I

Salon des Humoristes. He died during the German occupation of France in World War II. He is best remembered for his humorous drawings. Richard-Gutz, M. 74 Robaudi, Alcide, 1850–1928 75 Like other artists of his day, Robaudi was a student of Bonardel, Malard, and Gérôme, and he made his debut at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1874. He also did illustrations for Emile Augier, Balzac, Paul Bourget, Alexandre Dumas, and Georges Sand. Roll, Auguste 182 Romay, A. 76

Index of French Artists

Français in 1898 and was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. Royer, Lionel, 1852–1926 142 After studying with Cabanel and Bouguereau, Royer made his debut in 1874 at the Société des Artistes Français and won the second place medal in 1896. S., O. 267 Sabattier, Louis Rémy 101 Sabattier is thought to be Louis Rémy Sabattier, a nineteenth-century portraitist, who studied with Gérôme and Boulanger. He joined the Société des Artistes Français in 1890, where he exhibited his work in 1894, winning an honorable mention.

Romberg, Maurice 77, 141, 196–97, 254 Saunier, Charles, b. 1865 160 Rouffé 211–13 Roy, José 266 Royer, Henri (Henri-Paul), 1869–1938 78, 198 Royer studied with Jules Lefebvre and Devilly and exhibited his work at the Société des Artistes Français. He won the Prix National des Artistes

Scott, Georges Bretin, b. 1873 82–83 Before Scott joined the army in 1914, as its official painter, he had studied with Detaille, specializing in military subjects. He was awarded the Légion d’Honneur in 1912. His work was exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français, and

French Posters from World War I

many of his paintings hang today in the Musée de l’Armée in Paris. Sénéchal, Adrien, 1896–1955 255 Best known for his pastels, Sénéchal took Reims cathedral as one of his favorite subjects. Simay 84–85 Simon, Jacques Roger, 1875–1945 199 Simon was a student of Bouguereau and Gabriel Ferrier, and a member of the Société des Artistes Français from 1904. He was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur in 1923. Smid, L. J.? 280 Starace, G. 268 Steinlen, Théophile Alexandre, 1859–1923 143–45, 161, 183, 200–201, 220, 256, 260 Born in Switzerland, Steinlen went to France at the age of nineteen to study industrial design. There he stayed and in 1901 became a natural-

Index of French Artists

ized French citizen. He joined other writers and artists (Toulouse-Lautrec, Vallaton, Verlaine) at Le Chat Noir, a nightclub in the Montmartre district of Paris, and contributed to the satirical journal that took the same name. Steinlen was famous for his drawings of cats and even painted a large mural in the entrance of the club titled “The Apotheosis of Cats.” He illustrated many satirical magazines and books and was one of the founders of the German journal Simplicissimus in 1894. With a group of twelve other cartoonists, including Léandre, Willette, and Forain, Steinlen founded Les Humoristes in 1910. During the war, Steinlen was asked by the French government to design posters in support of the war effort. In 1918, he published a book called La Guerre. His works depict the seamy side of Parisien life in a very compassionate and sentimental way that earned him the title of “Millet of the streets,” and his work has influenced many artists since then. Tandivenie, A. 146 TEL 86

French Posters from World War I

Tinayre, Louis, b. 1861 202 As a student of Cormon, Tinayre became a painter and illustrator and exhibited his work at the Salon des Artistes Français beginning in 1880. He also was awarded the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. Toché, Charles, 1851–1916 109 In his lifetime, Toché was known as a watercolorist, illustrator, and decorative painter who had studied architecture with Thomas Félix. Today he is remembered for his frescoes in the chateau Chenonceaux, the Palais des Arts Libéraux, and the Palais Viticulture and for his decorative paintings at the Grand Théâtre in Nantes, and the Hôtel du Chapon-Fin in Bordeaux. In 1893 he painted a series of twentyfour allegorical paintings at the Variété Théâtre Olympia in Paris. He was also an illustrator of books such as Flaubert’s Tentation de St.-Antoine.

Index of French Artists

in 1918. He had begun painting at the age of thirty-three after having been in the commercial trade and soon enrolled in the Académie Julian, where he studied with Jules Lefebvre. Truchet then went on to paint genre scenes, portraits, and landscapes in the impressionistic style. He had made his debut at the Salon de la Société des Artistes Français in 1891. He later became one of the founders of the Salon d’Automne and of the Société des Humoristes. During the war he commanded a camouflage unit and made satirical prints of the enemy. Unknown 87–89, 102–3, 111, 158, 170–71, 203, 214 Verdilhan, André 258 The only thing known of André Verdilhan is that he showed his work at the Salon des Indépendants in 1910.

Toussaint, Maurice, b. 1882 283–84

Vilà 221, 222

Trubert, C. 110

Villain, Henri 90 Villain was a genre painter who had studied with Cormon. In 1906 he joined the Société des Artistes Français.

Truchet, Abel, 1857–1918 147, 257, 269 Abel Truchet voluntarily enlisted in the army in 1914 at the age of fifty-seven, and died there

French Posters from World War I

Index of French Artists

Vorkapitch, S. 259

Wielhorski 94

Waltz, Jean Jacques [pseudonym HANSI], 1873–1951 91–93, 112

Willette, Adolphe Léon, 1857–1926 95–97, 148–52 French cartoonist, decorator, painter, and lithographer Adolphe Willette studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts with Cabanel and later began a cartooning career contributing to the major satirical magazines such as Le Chat Noir, which he helped found, Le Courrier Français, and Le Rire. He also founded his own satirical journals Pied de Nez and La Vache Enragée. During the war Willette created numorous political and social drawings, especially of German atrocities. He decorated many of the caberets of Montmartre and created a set of designs for Gobelin tapestries called “Hello to Paris.”

Jean Jacques Waltz, an Alsatian known as HANSI, succeeded his father as engraver and conservator at the Musée de Colmar. Profoundly French, he did many caricatures of Germans and campaigned unceasingly during the war for the reunification of Alsace with France. In 1914 he was convicted of high treason in a Leipzig court but escaped and enlisted in the French army, producing numerous propaganda works for the war. He used the popular “image d’Epinal” style of the nineteenth century to depict wartime subjects. He produced a series of albums, prints, and popular images that protested German oppression in Alsace.