Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction EA
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service June 2011
Environmental Assessment Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction Cle Elum Ranger District, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest Kittitas County, Washington
Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M.
For Information Contact: Judy Hallisey, District Ranger (509) 852-1100 [Webpage]
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call toll free (866) 632-9992 (voice). TDD users can contact USDA through local relay or the Federal relay at (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (relay voice). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Table of Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................... i Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Document Structure ....................................................................................................................1 Background .................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Need for Action ......................................................................................................2 Proposed Action ..........................................................................................................................2 Decision Framework ...................................................................................................................2 Tribal Consultation .....................................................................................................................2 Public Involvement .....................................................................................................................2 Project Record .............................................................................................................................3 Chapter 2 - Alternatives, including the Proposed Action ......................................... 3 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study .................................................... 3 Alternatives Considered in Detail ...............................................................................................4 Design Requirements and Mitigation Measures .........................................................................7 Comparison of Alternatives ........................................................................................................8 Chapter 3 - Environmental Consequences ................................................................ 9 Soils and Water Resources ..........................................................................................................9 Fish ............................................................................................................................................11 Wildlife .....................................................................................................................................13 Botany/Invasive Plants ..............................................................................................................15 Heritage Resources ...................................................................................................................17 Recreation .................................................................................................................................17 Forest Plan Consistency ............................................................................................................18 Consultation and Coordination ................................................................................ 19 References ................................................................................................................. 21 appendix A ................................................................................................................. 22
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
SUMMARY The Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest proposes to construct new bridges on Forest Service Road #4832 designed to span the Gold Creek floodplain and provide for yearround movement for wildlife. This project was analyzed in the Federal Highway Administration and Washington Department of Transportation I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project FEIS and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biological Opinion (2008). This Environmental Assessment updates the previous environmental analysis. The project area is located near Snoqualmie Pass and is within the Cle Elum Ranger District, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington. The I-90 corridor through the Snoqualmie Pass area is positioned among several important wilderness areas and national parks that provide refuges for wildlife populations. Numerous assessments have identified the I-90 corridor as a critical area for demographic connectivity for wildlife populations in the Pacific Northwest. In terms of land ownership, this area represents the narrowest width, west to east, of public land in Washington’s Cascade Mountains. In recognition of the importance of the I-90 corridor in the Snoqualmie Pass area, the U.S. Forest Service adopted the Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area Plan (USDA 1997) which emphasizes the importance of preserving and restoring habitat conditions on the landscape and the Federal Highway Administration and Washington Department of Transportation adopted the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East (2008) plan to provide bridges and overcrossings designed to connect all habitats and species on 15miles of I-90. The Washington Department of Transportation is currently constructing bridges in the Gold Creek area, including bridges which span the Gold Creek floodplain (900’ bridge westbound, 1,100’ bridge eastbound) and provide year-round wildlife movement (120’ bridges east and westbound). The addition of bridges on the Forest Service #4832 road is needed because once these structures on I-90 are constructed, the Forest Service Road #4832, located upstream and parallel to I-90, will be the only significant barrier to the natural functioning of the Gold Creek floodplain and the movement of wildlife. The proposed action would be beneficial to fish, wildlife, water quality, hydrology, and ecological conditions in Gold Creek area. However, project activities would result in temporary impacts to fish, wildlife, water quality and hydrology during construction activities. The only issue raised by the public was concern regarding public access during construction activities. The Design Report analysis (Appendix A) concluded that access will be available throughout the construction activities. In addition to the proposed action, the Forest Service also evaluated the following alternatives: Decommissioning of #4832 Road in Gold Creek Floodplain and creation of on/off-ramp off of I-90 to access Gold Creek area and private land. This
i
alternative was not considered feasible by Washington Department of Transportation and therefore, was considered but eliminated from detailed study. No Action. Based upon the effects of the alternatives, the responsible official will decide Whether or not to implement the proposed action, or modifications to it, and What management requirements and mitigation measures, if any, would be necessary.
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction EA
ii
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
INTRODUCTION Document Structure ______________________________ The Forest Service has prepared this Environmental Assessment in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other relevant Federal and State laws and regulations. This Environmental Assessment discloses the direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental impacts that would result from the proposed action and alternatives. The document is organized into four parts: Introduction: The section includes information on the history of the project proposal, the purpose of and need for the project, and the agency’s proposal for achieving that purpose and need. This section also details how the Forest Service informed the public of the proposal and how the public responded. Comparison of Alternatives, including the Proposed Action: This section provides a more detailed description of the agency’s proposed action as well as alternative methods for achieving the stated purpose. These alternatives were developed based on significant issues raised by the public and other agencies. This discussion also includes possible mitigation measures. Finally, this section provides a summary table of the environmental consequences associated with each alternative. Environmental Consequences: This section describes the environmental effects of implementing the proposed action and the No Action alternative. This analysis is organized by soils and water resources, fish, wildlife, botany and invasive plants, heritage resources and recreation. Within each section, the affected environment is described first, followed by the effects of the No Action Alternative that provides a baseline for evaluation and comparison of the other alternatives that follow. Agencies and Persons Consulted: This section provides a list of preparers and agencies consulted during the development of the environmental assessment. Appendices: The appendices provide more detailed information to support the analyses presented in the environmental assessment. Additional documentation, including more detailed analyses of project-area resources, may be found in the project planning record located at the Cle Elum Ranger District Office in Cle Elum, Washington.
Background _____________________________________ The Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area Plan (USDA and USDI, 1997) and the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project (FHWA and WSDOT, 2008) recognized the Gold Creek area as the best opportunity to link wilderness areas to the north and south of I-90. Wilderness areas are particularly important habitat for rare wide-ranging species, such as wolverine, lynx, grizzly bear, and gray wolf. Gold Creek is also the only documented spawning stream for bull trout in the Keechelus sub-basin. For decades, many partners
1
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
have been working together to achieve a vision of restoring fish and wildlife populations in the Cascades, with a focus on the Gold Creek area. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have allocated over $26 million dollars to land acquisitions in the I-90 corridor, including the Gold Creek valley. The Washington State Department of Transportation is currently constructing large bridges to restore fish and wildlife habitat connectivity and working with partners to purchase lands in the Gold Creek Valley.
Purpose and Need for Action _______________________ The purpose of this initiative is to restore the Gold Creek floodplain and provide for aquatic and terrestrial species population connectivity while maintaining public access. This action responds to the goals and objectives outlined in the Forest Plan, as amended by the Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area Plan, and helps move the project area towards desired conditions described in that plan (USDA and USDI, 1997, p. 2-32).
Proposed Action _________________________________ The action proposed by the Forest Service to meet the purpose and need is to construct bridges on FSR 4832 to complement the ecological benefits provided by the bridges currently under construction by the Washington Department of Transportation on I-90. The bridge over Gold Creek will be designed to span 70% of the active stream channel and a separate 120’ bridge will be designed to connect riparian habitats and wildlife populations.
Decision Framework ______________________________ Given the purpose and need, the deciding official reviews the proposed action and the other alternatives in order to make the following decisions: 1. Whether or not to implement the proposed action, or modifications to it, and 2. What management requirements and mitigation measures, if any, would be necessary.
Tribal Consultation _______________________________ Government-to-government letters were sent to Indian tribes (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation and Yakama Nation). No comments were received.
Public Involvement _______________________________ The proposal was listed in the Quarterly Schedule of Proposed Actions since June 10, 2010. On June 14, 2010 public scoping letters were sent to the public and other agencies for comment. In addition, as part of the public involvement process, the Forest Service presented the proposed action to the Upper Yakima Watershed Action Group, a collaborative interested in the management to the Yakima Watershed. The Forest Service also met with Board members from the Ski Tur Valley Maintenance Association 2
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
(STVMA) on August 25th, 2010 in Mercer Island to discuss their concerns regarding public access during construction activities. The only comments received were related to providing public access on the Forest Service #4832 road during construction activities. The analysis in the Design Report (Appendix A) determined that a temporary detour can be made available throughout all construction activities.
Project Record __________________________________ The EA herby incorporates by reference the Project Record (40 CFR 1502.21). This project was addressed as part of the I-90 Snoqualmie East Project FEIS (2008, p. 1-31). The Project Record includes the FEIS, specialist reports, and other technical documentation used to support the analysis and conclusions in this EA. These specialist reports are for Botany/Invasive plants, Wildlife, Fisheries, Heritage, Hydrology, and Soils. Relying on Specialist Reports and the Project Record helps implement the CEQ Regulation provision that requires agencies to reduce NEPA paperwork (40 CFR 1500.4). The objective is to furnish enough site-specific information to demonstrate a reasoned consideration of the environmental impacts of the alternatives and how these impacts can be mitigated, without repeating detailed analysis and background information available elsewhere. The Project Record is available for review at the Cle Elum Ranger District.
CHAPTER 2 - ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING THE PROPOSED ACTION This chapter describes the two alternatives considered for the Gold Creek Bridges and FS Road #4832 Reconstruction Project: No Action and the Proposed Action. It summarizes how these alternatives meet the purpose and need, and identifies management requirements and mitigation measures.
Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study __________________________________________ Decommission of #4832 Road in Gold Creek Floodplain and Creation of on/off-ramp off of I-90 to Access Gold Creek Day-Use area and private land. This alternative was considered but determined to be unacceptable to the Washington Department of Transportation and is outside the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service. Interstate freeways such as I-90 have the highest designated level of “access control”. Access rights are purchased and access points are limited to only at interchanges. Limiting the number of access points/interchanges helps improve safety by reducing conflict points and promoting free flow of traffic. New access points/interchanges must go through a rigorous justification process that is ultimately approved by FHWA in
3
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
Washington D.C. The justification process is referred to as an Interchange Justification Report (IJR) and includes formation of a support team (similar to a NEPA Interdisciplinary Team), public notice and hearings, evaluation of alternatives, analysis and design, preparation of the actual report, and several levels of approval. The IJR must address eight policy points in determining that the interchange is needed. A preliminary analysis by the Washington Department of Transportation determined that the proposal would be likely to be rejected based on many of the policy points.
Alternatives Considered in Detail ___________________ Alternative 1 – No Action Under the No Action alternative, current management plans would continue to guide management of the project area. The existing Gold Creek Bridge would not be replaced, Forest Service road 4832 road would not be reconstructed, and no restoration of the floodplain would be implemented to accomplish project goals. The existing Gold Creek Bridge was constructed in 1960. The most recent bridge inspection was conducted in July, 2006. The inspector found that the bridge was in fair condition overall. The girders of the main span are cast into an end diaphragm at each pier. There are significant deteriorations of both of these end diaphragms. The curb concrete is deteriorated along the length of both curbs. The concrete rail ends are severely deteriorated and the structural integrity of the metal rail attachments to the end pieces is compromised. There is possible settlement of the slab at [the end of the bridge right]. The ratings for the bridge are deck = 6, superstructure = 5, substructure = 6. This is based on a scale from 1 - 9. The 5 rating is especially of concern to the Forest Service because we will have to move this bridge from a 48 month inspection interval to a 24 month inspection interval. Forest Service structural engineers estimated that this bridge will need to be replaced within 5 to 10 years. For more information on the Gold Creek Bridge is available in the Design Report (Appendix A).
4
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Figure 1. Alternative 1 – No Action
Alternative 2 - The Proposed Action As stated in Chapter 1, the proposed action would construct two bridges on FSR 4832 to complement the ecological benefits provided by the bridges currently under construction by the Washington Department of Transportation on I-90. The proposed action includes a new bridge over Gold Creek designed to span approximately 725 feet of the floodplain and a separate bridge designed to provide 100 feet of habitat for wildlife movement under Forest Service Road 4832.
5
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
The roadway fill will be removed and the floodplain and adjacent habitat will be restored. The restoration will include treatment of invasive plants and restoration of the native plant community. The U.S. Forest Service Design Report, including geotechnical data, bridge design options, and costs are found in Appendix A. The construction activities would occur between April and November for one to three years.
Figure 2. Alternative 2 – Proposed Action.
6
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Design Requirements and Mitigation Measures _______ Design requirements and mitigation measures are necessary to meet the Purpose and Need and avoid, reduce, minimize or compensate for undesirable effects from the proposed activities. The U.S. Forest Service Design Report, including geotechnical data, bridge design options, and costs are found in Appendix A. Two double lane bridges, minimum 120 foot terrestrial and 725’ aquatic spanning the migrating floodplain; these would be aligned to function as the I-90 bridges (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Mitigation Development Team Report Appendix D, pg 318). Design of Gold Creek Bridge is expected to accomplish the following objectives: Span floodplain and channel migration zone, restoring stream channel function, natural floodplain characteristics and hydrologic connectivity between ground and surface water interactions. Removal of fill and revegetation is designed to restore wetland connectivity and hydro-periods. Bridge spans and vertical wall abutments allow for restoration of native riparian plant communities on floodplains beneath structures and within adjacent areas, for streambank stability and shade for thermal regulation. Restore of channel morphology; simulating stream habitat features and includes pools, riparian vegetation and large woody debris (logs) Restore habitat continuity through crossing structure and within the highway right-of-way, including aquatic organism passage, stream channel complexity and habitat elements. Design of Wildlife Bridge (120’) is expected to accomplish the following objectives: Restore habitat and provide hiding cover adjacent to Wildlife Bridge to facilitate movement of wildlife. Provide habitat within crossing structure to match plant community adjacent to the crossing structure to facilitate movement of small mammals, amphibians and reptiles. Provide habitat elements within and adjacent to crossing structures such as downed logs, root wads and rocks. Required vertical clearance would be 18 feet (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Mitigation Development Team Report, Appendix D, pg 3-26, Performance Standards) Abutment walls would be vertical to minimize fill encroachment, noxious weed invasion areas and access routes to the roadway by terrestrial species (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Mitigation Development Team Report, Appendix D, pg 3-26, Performance Standards) The bridges will be designed to meet the Cascadian Theme as described in the I-90 Architectural Design Standards (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Appendix X).
7
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
Construction and restoration activities will include all necessary measures required for Fish and Wildlife in the Biological Assessment (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Appendix M and USFWS Biological Opinion, 2008, and subsequent amendments, 2009, 2010). Construction and restoration activities will comply with requirements in the Archaeological, Cultural and Historic Resources Report (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Appendix Z). The road will remain open during construction activities to allow for recreational and private landowner use. The areas under the bridges and restored using local Native Plant species consistent with the Forest Service Native Plants policy (2009): (http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/nativeplantmaterials/documents/FRNotice_FinalNPM.pdf and http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/nativeplantmaterials/policy.shtml).
Invasive Plants will be managed consistent with Forest Service Invasive Species policy (2005): http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/invasiveplant-eis/FEIS.htm The area will be restored consistent with the I-90 Wetlands, Aquatic Resources Mitigation Plan (2010) for the Gold Creek and Upper Keechelus restoration areas.
Comparison of Alternatives ________________________ This section provides a summary of the effects of implementing each alternative. Information in the table is focused on activities and effects where different levels of effects or outputs can be distinguished quantitatively or qualitatively among alternatives.
Table 3. Alternative comparison with project purpose and need. Alternative 1
Alternative 2
No Action
Proposed Action
Soils and Water The current channel Resources confinement and buildup of soil deposits north of the Forest Service road #4832 would continue.
8
Positive for floodplain function and water quality. Improved hydrologic connectivity, lower stream velocities, improved channel migration, floodplain restoration, restored capacity for sediment transport, reduced sediment and temperature, and improved groundwater flow. Temporary impacts on water resources would occur due to construction activities. There is an increased potential to increase runoff to surface water through soil compaction, changes in drainage patterns and clearing of vegetation. The Gold Creek floodplain would likely be disturbed when installing the bridges, removing roadway fill, and reconstruction of the #4832 road
Environmental Assessment Fish
The current channel confinement, lack of riparian vegetation, and buildup of soil deposits north of the Forest Service road #4832 would continue.
Wildlife
The Forest Service Road #4832 would continue to act as a barrier to wildlife movement and reduce habitat and population connectivity between the north and south Cascades. Continued poor conditions for local plant communities. No improved connectivity.
Botany
Heritage Resources
No known heritage resources. No effect.
Recreation
No change in recreational use or availability.
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Positive for fish and aquatic species. The new bridge over Gold Creek will provide the following benefits: improved fish passage, improved aquatic habitat, increased channel migration, lower stream velocities, restored capacity for sediment transport, reduced sediment and water temperature, and the restoration of the floodplain and riparian vegetation. Temporary impacts on aquatic species or habitat will occur due to excavation and grading, removal of riparian vegetation, removal of the exiting Gold Creek bridge, in-water work, concrete curing, blasting and pile driving, equipment maintenance and fueling. Positive for wildlife species. The new bridge over Gold Creek and the wildlife bridge will provide for the movement of wildlife and improved habitat conditions. The proposed activities would result in temporary impacts to wildlife primarily due to noise and human disturbance during construction.
Proposed project activities would be positive for native plant communities. Project activities will include the restoration of native plant communities in the Gold Creek floodplain and treatment of invasive plant species. Construction-related ground disturbance has the potential to spread already-established noxious weeds in the project area. Mitigation measures and BMPs will be required to minimize the risk of invasive plants. No effect on heritage resources. The only potential impact to historic, cultural, and archaeological resources would be inadvertent disturbance of previously unknown objects or sites. The Forest Service will follow FS guidelines and the WSDOT Unanticipated Discovery Plan. Proposed project would reduce the availability of SnoPark parking by approximately 40 spaces or 11% of the 350 vehicle capacity. The Sno-Park is typically not filled to capacity and this impact is insignificant.
CHAPTER 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES This section summarizes the physical, biological, social and economic environments of the affected project area and the potential changes to those environments due to implementation of the alternatives. It also presents the scientific and analytical basis for comparison of alternatives presented in the chart above.
Soils and Water Resources ________________________ This section discusses the expected environmental impacts of the project alternatives to soils, hydrology and water quality. The study area for hydrology consists of the Gold Creek floodplain and wetlands above and below Forest Service road #4832 in Section
9
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. Further information can be found: WSDOT (2002b), I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-28 to 3-31; Mitigation Development Team Recommendation Package Assessment Package (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix D). Hydrology - Gold Creek drains 8,937 acres and is the largest tributary to the Yakima River upstream of the Kachess River. The Gold Creek valley was carved by glaciers and meltwater from a series of alpine glaciations, ending with the Lakedale drift 15,000 years ago (Hart Crowser 2002). Meltwater from these glaciers carried coarse debris down the stream valleys and into the Upper Yakima River basin. Meltwater sediments eventually built up the terminal moraines that formed Keechelus Lake, Kachess Lake, and Lake Cle Elum. After the most recent glaciation, Gold Creek reworked the glacial sediments and created its modern floodplain. The floodplain was bounded by rock outcrops and terraces of glacial outwash sediment left behind by meltwater. Gold Creek meandered freely across a forested floodplain before entering Keechelus Lake. Construction of the Keechelus Lake dam raised the lake level by 97 feet; Keechelus Lake provides flood control and irrigation in the Yakima River system (HartCrowser 2002). The dam enlarged the natural lake and inundated the lower reaches of Gold Creek. Gold Creek formed a new sediment delta at the upstream end of the enlarged lake, just below the existing I-90 crossing. Construction of I-90 and Forest Service Road #4832 further altered the hydrology and geomorphic structure of Gold creek. These roads were constructed on fill across most of the historical floodplain, and bridges confined Gold Creek to a single active channel. Borrow pits and staging areas were constructed on the floodplain along both sides of the highway. A large borrow pit upstream of Forest Service Road #4832 confined Gold creek to the western margin of its historical floodplain, leaving behind a pond that is fed by seepage and discharges through an artificial outlet channel to Gold creek. Reaches of Gold Creek upstream of the pond outlet often dewater by mid-summer. Gold Creek’s channel function is poor. The creek has a limited capacity for bedload transport. The floodplain is artificially constrained, which contributes to channel aggradation through construction scour and the resulting sediment deposition downstream. The Forest Service Road #4832 bridge artificially confines the Gold Creek channel, limiting channel migration and the development of natural floodplain features. The potential channel migration zone if the road bed were removed would be 660 feet wide at the 4832 bridge. Reservoir inundation alters natural channel processes below the 4832 road for several months each year, but from late summer through early winter, the delta is exposed and channels are shaped primarily by streamflows from upstream. Once the bridges are constructed over Gold Creek on I-90, the Forest Service road #4832 will continue to confine Gold Creek and prevent the natural functioning of the Gold Creek floodplain. Soils – The soils at Gold Creek are generally floodplain deposits that have built up over the years. The deposits consist of silts with sands and some gravel lenses. The deposits also contain boulders and cobbles (Design Report, USDA Forest Service, Draft December, 2010). Water Quality - Gold Creek is on the Washington State 303 (d) list for temperature exceedance. The high temperatures in Gold Creek are due to sediment deposition, streambed aggradation, and the lack of riparian vegetation and shade structures
10
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
(Mitigation Development Team Recommendation Package Assessment Package, I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix D, p. 3-19).
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would not result in any beneficial effects to the hydrology and water quality of the Gold Creek floodplain. The current channel confinement and buildup of soil deposits north of the Forest Service road #4832 would continue.
Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project activities would be positive for floodplain function and water quality. The new bridge over Gold Creek would provide the following benefits: improved hydrologic connectivity, lower stream velocities, improved channel migration, floodplain restoration, restored capacity for sediment transport, reduced sediment and temperature, and improved groundwater flow. Temporary impacts on water resources would occur due to construction activities. There is an increased potential to increase runoff to surface water through soil compaction, changes in drainage patterns and clearing of vegetation. The Gold Creek floodplain would likely be disturbed when installing the bridges, removing roadway fill, and reconstruction of the #4832 road (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-36 to 3-51. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and mitigation measures will be followed to minimize effects to water resources (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-50 to 3-51).
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. In addition to the activities discussed in the I-90 FEIS, the Upper Yakima Restoration project EA, anticipated to be released in 2011, is expected to include watershed restoration projects in the Upper Keechelus watershed, including restoration of the Gold Creek floodplain upstream of the Forest Service #4832 road.
Fish ____________________________________________ This section discusses the expected environmental impacts of the project alternatives to fish and aquatic habitat. The study area for fish, aquatic species, and habitat consists of Gold Creek, wetlands, and riparian habitat adjacent and downstream to Forest Service road #4832 in Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. Further information can be found in the Aquatic Species Discipline Report (WSDOT 2002a and WSDOT 2005) and the Biological Evaluation and Biological Assessment (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix M). Among the streams that flow into Keechelus Lake, Gold Creek is the only documented bull trout spawning stream. Bull trout are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, and the population in the Keechelus subbasin is at high risk due to low numbers of spawning adults, isolation above an impassible dam and use of only one
11
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
spawning stream that often dewaters in mid-summer below their spawning area. In addition to bull trout, many other fish species occur in Gold Creek, including kokanee, cutthroat, rainbow and brook trout; burbot; sculpins; redside shiners; mountain whitefish; and mountain suckers (WSDOT 2002). The Forest Service Management Indicator Species in the Gold Creek area include Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynychus clarki lewisi) and Redband trout (Oncorhynychus mykiss gardnierii). The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011) is available in the analysis file. Once the bridges are constructed over Gold Creek on I-90, the Forest Service road #4832 will continue to confine Gold Creek and prevent the natural functioning of the Gold Creek floodplain.
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would not result in any beneficial effects to fish, aquatic species or aquatic habitat. The current channel confinement, lack of riparian vegetation, and buildup of soil deposits north of the Forest Service road #4832 would continue.
Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project activities would be positive for fish and aquatic species. The new bridge over Gold Creek will provide the following benefits: improved fish passage, improved aquatic habitat, increased channel migration, lower stream velocities, restored capacity for sediment transport, reduced sediment and water temperature, and the restoration of the floodplain and riparian vegetation. Temporary impacts on aquatic species or habitat will occur due to excavation and grading, removal of riparian vegetation, removal of the exiting Gold Creek bridge, in-water work, concrete curing, blasting and pile driving, equipment maintenance and fueling. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and mitigation measures will be followed to minimize temporary impacts to aquatic species and habitats during construction activities. The full analysis of benefits, impacts, BMPs and mitigation measures are available in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p.3-82 to 3-88; I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Biological Evaluation and Assessment, Appendix M, and the USFWS Biological Opinion, 2008. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynychus clarki lewisi) and Redband trout (Oncorhynychus mykiss gardnierii) The project activities would be positive for the MIS species in the Gold Creek area, including cutthroat and redband trout. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and mitigation measures will be followed to minimize temporary impacts to these species and habitats during construction activities. The full analysis of benefits, impacts, BMPs and mitigation measures are available in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p.3-82 to 3-88; I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Biological Evaluation and Assessment, Appendix M, and the USFWS Biological Opinion, 2008. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for cutthroat or redband trout. The Forestwide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA Forest Service 2011a) is available in the analysis file.
12
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. In addition to the activities discussed in the I-90 FEIS, the Upper Yakima Restoration project EA, anticipated to be released in 2011, is expected to include watershed restoration projects in the Upper Keechelus watershed, including restoration of the Gold Creek floodplain upstream of the Forest Service #4832 road.
Wildlife _________________________________________ This section discusses the expected environmental impacts of the project alternatives on terrestrial plant and animal communities. The study area for terrestrial species is approximately one mile on either side of Forest Service road #4832 in Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. Further information can be found in the Terrestrial Species Assessment (WSDOT 2003b and WSDOT 2004), the Mitigation Development Team Recommendation Package (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix D) and the Biological Evaluation and Biological Assessment (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix M). The Forest Service Management Indicator Species include Northern Spotted Owl, Barred Owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, American Marten, ruffed grouse, lynx, and deer (winter range only). The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. The Gold Creek area provides the best opportunity to link wilderness areas to the north and south of I-90. Wilderness areas are particularly important habitat for rare wideranging species that are sensitive to high road densities, such as wolverine, lynx, grizzly bear and gray wolf. This area also provides the best opportunity to provide linkage for a group of species or subspecies unique to the western Washington Cascades and Snoqualmie Pass area, such as pika, golden mantled ground squirrel, yellow pine chipmunk, and a host of unique lichen, bryophyte, fungi and vascular plant species associated with old growth mountain hemlock and subalpine fir. This area also provides linkage for a large assemblage of more common high- and low-mobility species, including deer, elk, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, fox, shrews, voles, snakes, salamander frogs, and mollusks. Once the bridges are constructed on I-90, the Forest Service road #4832 will be the only significant barrier to wildlife species movement. The project occurs in the Gold Creek floodplain.
13
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would not result in any beneficial effects to terrestrial species. The Forest Service Road #4832 would continue to act as a barrier to wildlife movement and reduce habitat and population connectivity between the north and south Cascades.
Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project activities would be positive wildlife species. The new bridge over Gold Creek and the wildlife bridge will provide for the movement of wildlife and improved habitat conditions. The proposed activities would result in temporary impacts to wildlife primarily due to noise and human disturbance during construction. The full analysis of benefits and impacts are available in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p.3-90 to 3-103; I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Biological Evaluation and Assessment, Appendix M, and the USFWS Biological Opinion, 2008. The Forest Service Management Indicator Species include Northern Spotted Owl, Barred Owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, American Marten, ruffed grouse, lynx, and deer (winter range only). The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. Barred owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, or ruffed grouse No habitat is present in or adjacent to project area for Barred owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, or ruffed grouse. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the OkanoganWenatchee National Forest for Barred owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, or ruffed grouse. The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. Mule deer (winter range) There is no deer winter range within or adjacent to the project area. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for mule deer. The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. American Marten There is no habitat present in the project area for American Marten, however, marten occur in the Snoqualmie Pass area and may benefit from increased permeability under the 4832 road. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for American Marten. The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. Canada lynx
14
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
There is no habitat present in the project area for Canada lynx, however, lynx may benefit from increased permeability under the 4832 road. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for Canada lynx. The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file. Northern Spotted Owl The Northern Spotted Owl is addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Biological Evaluation and Assessment, Appendix M, and the USFWS Biological Opinion, 2008. There is no habitat present in the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project area for spotted owl. In addition, there are no known owl sites expected to be impacted by the noise associated with construction activities. Therefore, the Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for Northern Spotted Owl. The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011b) is available in the analysis file.
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. In addition to the activities discussed in the I-90 FEIS, the Upper Yakima Restoration project EA, anticipated to be released in 2011, is expected to include reductions in road density in the Upper Keechelus watershed and restoration of the Gold Creek floodplain upstream of the Forest Service #4832 road. The Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to any additional cumulative impact on wildlife species from past, present, or future activities. The Forest Service Management Indicator Species include Northern Spotted Owl, Barred Owl, Pileated woodpecker, Three-toed woodpecker, American Marten, ruffed grouse, lynx, and deer (winter range only). The Forest-wide population viability status of MIS species on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (USDA FOREST SERVICE 2011) is available in the analysis file. The Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 project will not contribute to any additional cumulative impact on MIS species from past, present, or future activities. Therefore this project will not contribute to a negative trend in viability on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest for any MIS species.
Botany/Invasive Plants ____________________________ This section discusses the expected environmental impacts of the project alternatives on terrestrial plant and animal communities. The study area for botany and invasive plants is the areas of potential disturbance adjacent to Forest Service road #4832 in Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. Further information about species found in the Gold Creek area can be found in the Terrestrial Species Assessment (WSDOT 2003 and WSDOT 2004)
15
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
and the Biological Evaluation and Biological Assessment (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix M). Review of the Wenatchee National Forest Botany Database and the Washington Natural Heritage Program Database determined that are no known federally listed Threatened, Endangered, Sensitive, Proposed, or Rare and Uncommon plant, bryophyte, fungi, or lichen species within the project area. No new TES species or rare and uncommon plants, lichens, bryophytes, and fungi were located in the project area during surveys conducted by WSDOT during project surveys. The project area currently has low quality habitat for native plants, however, the Gold Creek drainage has a unique assemblage of lichen, bryophyte, fungi and vascular plant species associated with plant communities unique to the Snoqualmie Pass area. The I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project will restore and preserve native habitats north and south of I-90. Once the I-90 bridges are constructed, the Forest Service 4832 will be primary barrier to the connectivity of these plant communities. There are 14 species of invasive plants established in the I-90 corridor that are at risk of spreading during ground disturbing activities. The risks of invasive species spread will be minimized by mitigation measures required by Forest Service policy which requires invasive plant prevention and treatment (USDA Forest Service 2005).
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would not result in any beneficial effects to plant communities.
Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project activities would be positive for native plant communities. Project activities will include the restoration of native plant communities in the Gold Creek floodplain and treatment of invasive plant species. Construction-related ground disturbance has the potential to spread already-established noxious weeds in the project area. Mitigation measures and BMPs will be required to minimize the risk of invasive plants.
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. In addition to the activities discussed in the I-90 FEIS, the Upper Yakima Restoration project EA, anticipated to be released in 2011, is expected to include reductions in road density, greater treatment of invasive plants, and restoration of plant communities in the Upper Keechelus watershed and restoration of the Gold Creek floodplain upstream of the Forest Service #4832 road.
16
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Heritage Resources ______________________________ This section discusses the expected environmental impacts of the project alternatives on historic, cultural, and archaeological resources. The study area is 50 feet on either side of Forest Service road #4832 in Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. The study area was surveyed during the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project surveys (WSDOT 2003a; Archaeological, Cultural and Historic Resources, I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, Appendix Z).
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would have no effect on heritage resources. Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project would have no effect on heritage resources. The only potential impact to historic, cultural, and archaeological resources would be inadvertent disturbance of previously unknown objects or sites. The Forest Service will follow the WSDOT Unanticipated Discovery Plan developed by WSDOT for the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Project.
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. There are no expected impacts to heritage resources; therefore there would be no cumulative contribution to heritage resources.
Recreation ______________________________________ This section discusses the expected impacts of the project alternatives to recreation. The study area is Forest Service road #4832 in Section 15, T. 22 N., R. 11 E., W.M. This section of the Forest Service road #4832 is part of the linear Gold Creek Sno-Park. This Sno-Park is utilized for non-motorized winter activities in the Gold Creek drainage and to access the groomed snowmobile route on Forest Service Road #4832. This Sno-Park has capacity for approximately 350 vehicles and is typically no more than 75% full (Tim Foss, Winter Recreation manager, pers. comm.).
Alternative 1 – No Action The No-Action alternative would have no effect on recreation.
Alternative 2 – Proposed Action Proposed project would reduce the availability of Sno-Park parking by approximately 40 spaces or 11% of the 350 vehicle capacity. The Sno-Park is typically not filled to capacity and this impact is insignificant.
17
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
Cumulative Effects NEPA requires the Forest Service to consider the cumulative effects of this project, by looking beyond the project area to other planned actions whose impacts could combine with those of the project. The cumulative effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions are addressed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, 2008, p. 3-200 to 3-213. The I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project plans to close the Price Creek Sno-Park, however, WSDOT has committed to mitigate for the loss of Sno-Park parking through increased parking capacity in a different location.
Forest Plan Consistency __________________________ The Gold Creek Bridges and FS Road #4832 Reconstruction Project occurs with the Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area and riparian reserve. The project needs to meet the Aquatic Conservation Strategy (ACS) and National Forest Management Act (NFMA, viability standards) objectives. The following table displays the design features included in the project necessary to meet ACS, NFMA viability standards and Forest Plan consistency. These same design features are included in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project in the Gold Creek area. Aquatic Conservation Strategy and National Forest Management Act (species viability) Objectives The table below illustrates the key design standards and mitigations needed to achieving consistency with the Forest Plan. Designs and performance standards which specifically occur within Riparian Reserves determine, for the most part, the ACS consistency determination. USFS ACS Objectives1 and NFMA ACS 1,2,3,6,7 (hydrology)
ACS 4, 5, 8, 9 (water quality and habitats) ACS 2 (connectivity) NFMA Species
18
Designs and Performance Standards. for Achieving ACS and Forest Plan Consistency 725’ bridges span floodplain and channel migration zone, restoring stream channel function, natural floodplain characteristics and hydrologic connectivity between ground and surface water interactions. . Restoration of wetland connectivity and hydro-periods. Bridge spans and vertical wall abutments allow for restoration of native riparian plant communities on floodplains beneath structures and within R-W, for streambank stability and shade for thermal regulation. Gold Creek bridges restore channel morphology; simulating stream habitat features, includes pools, riparian vegetation and large woody debris (logs) Restore habitat continuity through crossing structure and within the highway right-of-way, including aquatic organism passage, stream channel complexity and habitat elements. 120' bridge: Restore habitat and provide hiding cover adjacent to Wildlife Bridge to facilitate movement of wildlife.
Environmental Assessment Persistence
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
120' bridge: Provide habitat within crossing structure to match plant community adjacent to the crossing structure to facilitate movement of small mammals, amphibians and reptiles. 120' bridge: Add habitat elements within and adjacent to crossing structures such as downed logs, root wads and rocks.
Notes: 1) numbers refers to the nine Aquatic Conservation Strategy Objectives (USDA, 1994). NFMA refers to the National Forest Management Act of 1976.
The Gold Creek Bridges and FS Road #4832 Reconstruction Project area has important scenic value. The project area is within the Mountains-to-Sound National Scenic Byway, which is designated as a Washington Scenic Byway. The bridges will be designed to be consistent with Forest Plan guidelines by implementing the Cascadian Theme in the design as described in the I-90 Architectural Design Standards (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Appendix X).
CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION This Environment Assessment was analyzed in the I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project. Many specialists from WSDOT were involved in this analysis (I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East FEIS, Chapter 9). The Forest Service consulted the following individuals, Federal, State, and local agencies, tribes and non-Forest Service persons during the development of this environmental assessment: U.S. FOREST SERVICE REVIEW: Name
Title
Patty Garvey-Darda
Wildlife Biologist
Bill Ehinger
Hydrologist
Tina Mayo
Fish Biologist
Helen Lau
Botanist/Mycologist
Tim Foss
Recreation Specialist
Jo Ellen Richards
Environmental Coordinator
Shan Madden
Heritage Specialist
FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AGENCIES: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
19
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
Environmental Assessment
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife TRIBES: Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation and Yakama Nation OTHERS: Upper Yakima Watershed Action Group
20
Environmental Assessment
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
REFERENCES USDA Forest Service and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997. Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area Plan FEIS. Cle Elum and North Bend Ranger Districts, Wenatchee and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests. Pacific Northwest Region. USDA Forest Service. 2005. Record of decision for the final environmental impact statement for the Pacific Northwest Region invasive plant program preventing and managing invasive plants. R6-NR-FHP-PR-02-05. Portland, OR. Available online at: http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/invasiveplant-eis/FEIS.htm (August 30, 2006). USDA Forest Service. 2011a. Status of Fish Management Indicator Species on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. Wenatchee, WA. USDA Forest Service. 2011b. Status of Wildlife Management Indicator Species on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. Wenatchee, WA. Washington Department of Transportation. 2002a. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Aquatic Species Discipline Report. Washington Department of Transportation. 2002b. Final Discipline Report for I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East: Hydrologic Systems, Water Quality, and Floodplains. Washington Department of Transportation.2003a. Archaeological and Historic Survey Report. Washington Department of Transportation. 2003b. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Terrestrial Species Assessment. Prepared by Garvey-Darda and Worthington, USFS Cle Elum Ranger District, for WSDOT. Washington Department of Transportation. 2004. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Terrestrial Species Analysis Supplemental Report. Prepared by McQueary and Forester. Washington Department of Transportation. 2005. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Aquatic Species Discipline Report Supplemental. Washington Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. 2008. I90 Snoqualmie Pass East Final Environmental Impact Statement. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 2008. Biological Opinion for I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Project. Prepared by Karl Halupka. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Central Washington Field Office, Wenatchee, WA.
21
Gold Creek Bridges and F.S. Road #4832 Reconstruction
APPENDIX A Gold Creek Bridge Gold Creek Wildlife Crossing Design Report
22
Environmental Assessment
