Environmental Risk Assessment In the Oil and Gas Industry Bonn Agreement BE-AWARE Risk Assessment Workshop 24 – 26 September 2012
Kirsti Natvig, senior adviser
CONTENTS OF THIS PRESENTATION • • • • • • •
The Oil and Gas Industry Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) Basis for environmental risk assessment (ERA) Main elements in ERA Example: ERA in sea areas off Lofoten Islands Protection of sensitive areas Methodology
Oil and gas fields in production on the NCS •
First oil discovery: 1969
•
First oil production: 1971
•
Fields in production today: – – –
•
Exploration activity: –
•
72 wells drilled in 2009, 46 in 2010, 54 in 2011
Landbased activity – – –
•
57 fields in the North Sea 12 fields in the Norwegian Sea 1 field in the Barents Sea
oil refineries oil terminals/gas terminals petroleum prosessing plants
Supply bases, waste treatment facilities, decommissioning plants
Facts (2011) Approximately 50 reporting offshore units Different choices of development on the NCS: • 12 concrete gravity based platforms • 32 fields with steel installations • 9 production vessels • 6 semi-submersible platforms • 4 unmanned wellhead installations • a large and increasing number subsea installations • a number of drilling rigs • 60 - 400 m water depth + one at 1100 m • 45 - 320 km from the shore
The Norwegian regulatory authorities for the oil and gas activities The Parliament
The Government
Ministry of Petroleum and Energy The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Ministry of the Environment
The Climate and Pollution Agency
Ministry of Labour
Ministry of Health and Care Services
The Petroleum Safety Authority
The HSE authorities
The Board of Health
Ministry of Finance
The Petroleum Tax Office The Government Pension Fund Global
Klif organisation
Section for the Oil and Gas Industry in Klif •
16 employees – – – –
•
Chemical engineeres Marine biologists Toxicity experts Chemists
Cooperation and assistance –
Internal: • •
–
offshore control, hazardous waste, chemicals, climate, legal affairs, etc.
External: •
PSA, NPD, NCA etc.
Draugen photo: NCA
Main tasks and responsibilities •
Issue licences/permits – Offshore industry including oil spill preparedness and response requirements – Land based petroleum plants and terminals – Decommissioning plants
•
Adviser for the MoE
•
Give comments during opening processes and on EIAs
•
International work – –
OSPAR, EU Contact and coopetation with many countries
•
Development of regulations and requirements
•
Assist in preparing Integrated Management Plans for the marine resources and ecosystems
•
Follow up and control the industry –
•
enviromental monitoring , advisory services, follow up reports etc
Provide information on environmental status to the public
Permits and requirements
Exploration drilling, production drilling, production, pipelines, storage of CO2
– – – –
Discharges to sea of oil, chemicals and cuttings Injection for pressure support and storage Emissions to air of CO2, NOx, nm VOC Oil Spill Preparedness
Pressures on the environment from oil and gas activities •
Many pollution sources
•
Main pressures include: –
•
operational and accidental discharges of crude oil and produced water containing substances such as oil components, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl phenols, heavy metals
In addition concerns related to: – – – –
atmospheric emissions, cutting piles low level naturally occuring radioactive materiale, placement of installations and pipelines on the seabed.
Main environmental challenges related to oil and gas activies in Norway •
Long-term impact of discharges of oil components cannot be ruled out.
•
National emissions of climate gases have to be reduced by 20% by 2020. Huge challenge to reduce emissions from the petroleum sector. Electrification and CCS may be necessary.
•
Activities in the north and closer to the coast will be a challenge for the oil spill preparedness and response
•
More chemicals needed in order to meet the goal of the petroleum authorities to exploit more of the existing field
•
Water production increases as fields are older
•
decommissioning - a new business /landbased facilities
Basis for environmental risk assessment (ERA) •
Activity description: – Exploration drilling, or – Drilling of production wells, or – Production
•
Risk assessment (RA), identification of: – Risk reducing measures – Expected acute pollution (oil spill) scenarios • described as release rate and duration
Main elements in ERA 1. For expected scenarios: Modelling of oil spill distribution on the sea surface and in the water column based on relevant data on – –
oil weathering oceanic and coastal current data
2. Criteria for environmental damage –
Vulnerability considerations connected to a.o. fish and seabirds affect how the criteria for damage is described
3. Modelling of possible damage to sensitive species in the affected area
Scenarios from the sea area off Lofoten islands
Scenarios from the sea area off Lofoten islands Scenario no 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
Release rate (t/d) 500 35 1000 4500 8500 4500 1000 200 4500 4500 15000
Release duration 2 hours 14 days 2 days 2 days 2 days 2 days 13 days 35 days 14 days 50 days 4 days
Volume (t) 42 490 2000 9000 17000 29000 63000 225000 60000
Oil spill distribution modelling results (DnV 2010) 4500 tonn/døgn - 2 døgn - overflate 160 140
100 km2
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 V
S
H NoV
Vi
V
S
H
NoVI
1-100 tonn
Vi
V
S
H
Vi
V
NoVII
100-500 tonn
500-1000 tonn
S
H
Vi
TrII
>1000 tonn
V
S
H
NoVI - lok 2
Vi
Effect on Seabirds NoVI - 4500 tonn/d - 50 døgn - top 100 % 90 %
Sannsynlighet
80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 %
kyst
åpent hav
kyst
Vår
Lunde
Lomvi
Krykkje
Toppskarv
Storskarv
Lunde
Lomvi
Krykkje
Arfugl
Steinkobbe
Havert
Lunde
Lomvi
Krykkje
Toppskarv
Storskarv
Lunde
Lomvi
Arfugl
Steinkobbe
Havert
0%
Krykkje
10 %
åpent hav Sommer
Andel av bestanden som omkommer 30 %
Modelled seabird loss probability given as share of stock of different species at a 4500 tonn/d – 50 days oil spill (Source: DNV 2010).
Effect on Fish Tapsandel årsklasserekruttering - Data fra 1980-2004 vs. 2008/09 100 % 90 % 80 %
Sannsynlighet
70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0% 7
7ny
8
8ny
Nordland V
7
7ny
8
8ny
Nordland VI
7
7ny
8
0-1%
7
Nordland V
Torsk 0%
8ny
7ny
8
Nordland VI Sild
1-2%
2-5%
5-10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-50%
>50%
Scenario 7 and 8, modelled possible loss of cod and herring year class reqruiting
8ny
Mass balance Nordland VI oil spill, no response Massebalanse Nordland VI - Offshore utslipp, ingen respons 100%
Massebalanse
80%
Fordampet Overflata Olje i vannmassen Biodegradert Oppsamlet Strandet Sediment Utenfor grid
60%
40%
20%
Evaporated Surface Water column Biodegradated Recovered On beach Sediment Outside grid (Source: SINTEF 2010)
0% 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Tid (dager)
40
45
50
55
60
65
Mass balance Nordland VI, oil spill collection Massebalanse Nordland VI - Offshore utslipp, fremtidig mekanisk oppsamling 100%
Massebalanse
80%
Fordampet Overflata Olje i vannmassen Biodegradert Oppsamlet Strandet Sediment Utenfor grid
60%
40%
20%
Evaporated Surface Water column Biodegradated Recovered On beach Sediment Outside grid (Source: SINTEF 2010)
0% 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Tid (dager)
40
45
50
55
60
65
Possible oil spill recovery challenge
Source: SINTEF 2010
Results from ERA • • • • •
Modelling of oil spill transport and distribution both on the sea surface and in the water column is necessary It is possible to compare different sensitive areas based on ERA The same ERA method and basis criteria must be used in order to be able to compare areas ERA can identify valuable and vulnerable areas connected to possible oil spills The need for oil spill preparedness can be identified based on RA/ERA
Methodology: www.olf.no Environmental Risk Assessment of Exploration Drilling in Nordland VI Report no/DNV Reg No.: A/ 12FJH0G-6 Rev 0, 2010-03-30
Thank you for your attention!