Environmental Risk Assessment

Environmental Risk Assessment In the Oil and Gas Industry Bonn Agreement BE-AWARE Risk Assessment Workshop 24 – 26 September 2012 Kirsti Natvig, seni...
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Environmental Risk Assessment In the Oil and Gas Industry Bonn Agreement BE-AWARE Risk Assessment Workshop 24 – 26 September 2012

Kirsti Natvig, senior adviser

CONTENTS OF THIS PRESENTATION • • • • • • •

The Oil and Gas Industry Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) Basis for environmental risk assessment (ERA) Main elements in ERA Example: ERA in sea areas off Lofoten Islands Protection of sensitive areas Methodology

Oil and gas fields in production on the NCS •

First oil discovery: 1969



First oil production: 1971



Fields in production today: – – –



Exploration activity: –



72 wells drilled in 2009, 46 in 2010, 54 in 2011

Landbased activity – – –



57 fields in the North Sea 12 fields in the Norwegian Sea 1 field in the Barents Sea

oil refineries oil terminals/gas terminals petroleum prosessing plants

Supply bases, waste treatment facilities, decommissioning plants

Facts (2011)  Approximately 50 reporting offshore units  Different choices of development on the NCS: • 12 concrete gravity based platforms • 32 fields with steel installations • 9 production vessels • 6 semi-submersible platforms • 4 unmanned wellhead installations • a large and increasing number subsea installations • a number of drilling rigs • 60 - 400 m water depth + one at 1100 m • 45 - 320 km from the shore

The Norwegian regulatory authorities for the oil and gas activities The Parliament

The Government

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

Ministry of the Environment

The Climate and Pollution Agency

Ministry of Labour

Ministry of Health and Care Services

The Petroleum Safety Authority

The HSE authorities

The Board of Health

Ministry of Finance

The Petroleum Tax Office The Government Pension Fund Global

Klif organisation

Section for the Oil and Gas Industry in Klif •

16 employees – – – –



Chemical engineeres Marine biologists Toxicity experts Chemists

Cooperation and assistance –

Internal: • •



offshore control, hazardous waste, chemicals, climate, legal affairs, etc.

External: •

PSA, NPD, NCA etc.

Draugen photo: NCA

Main tasks and responsibilities •

Issue licences/permits – Offshore industry including oil spill preparedness and response requirements – Land based petroleum plants and terminals – Decommissioning plants



Adviser for the MoE



Give comments during opening processes and on EIAs



International work – –

OSPAR, EU Contact and coopetation with many countries



Development of regulations and requirements



Assist in preparing Integrated Management Plans for the marine resources and ecosystems



Follow up and control the industry –



enviromental monitoring , advisory services, follow up reports etc

Provide information on environmental status to the public

Permits and requirements

Exploration drilling, production drilling, production, pipelines, storage of CO2

– – – –

Discharges to sea of oil, chemicals and cuttings Injection for pressure support and storage Emissions to air of CO2, NOx, nm VOC Oil Spill Preparedness

Pressures on the environment from oil and gas activities •

Many pollution sources



Main pressures include: –



operational and accidental discharges of crude oil and produced water containing substances such as oil components, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl phenols, heavy metals

In addition concerns related to: – – – –

atmospheric emissions, cutting piles low level naturally occuring radioactive materiale, placement of installations and pipelines on the seabed.

Main environmental challenges related to oil and gas activies in Norway •

Long-term impact of discharges of oil components cannot be ruled out.



National emissions of climate gases have to be reduced by 20% by 2020. Huge challenge to reduce emissions from the petroleum sector. Electrification and CCS may be necessary.



Activities in the north and closer to the coast will be a challenge for the oil spill preparedness and response



More chemicals needed in order to meet the goal of the petroleum authorities to exploit more of the existing field



Water production increases as fields are older



decommissioning - a new business /landbased facilities

Basis for environmental risk assessment (ERA) •

Activity description: – Exploration drilling, or – Drilling of production wells, or – Production



Risk assessment (RA), identification of: – Risk reducing measures – Expected acute pollution (oil spill) scenarios • described as release rate and duration

Main elements in ERA 1. For expected scenarios: Modelling of oil spill distribution on the sea surface and in the water column based on relevant data on – –

oil weathering oceanic and coastal current data

2. Criteria for environmental damage –

Vulnerability considerations connected to a.o. fish and seabirds affect how the criteria for damage is described

3. Modelling of possible damage to sensitive species in the affected area

Scenarios from the sea area off Lofoten islands

Scenarios from the sea area off Lofoten islands Scenario no 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9

Release rate (t/d) 500 35 1000 4500 8500 4500 1000 200 4500 4500 15000

Release duration 2 hours 14 days 2 days 2 days 2 days 2 days 13 days 35 days 14 days 50 days 4 days

Volume (t) 42 490 2000 9000 17000 29000 63000 225000 60000

Oil spill distribution modelling results (DnV 2010) 4500 tonn/døgn - 2 døgn - overflate 160 140

100 km2

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 V

S

H NoV

Vi

V

S

H

NoVI

1-100 tonn

Vi

V

S

H

Vi

V

NoVII

100-500 tonn

500-1000 tonn

S

H

Vi

TrII

>1000 tonn

V

S

H

NoVI - lok 2

Vi

Effect on Seabirds NoVI - 4500 tonn/d - 50 døgn - top 100 % 90 %

Sannsynlighet

80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 %

kyst

åpent hav

kyst

Vår

Lunde

Lomvi

Krykkje

Toppskarv

Storskarv

Lunde

Lomvi

Krykkje

Arfugl

Steinkobbe

Havert

Lunde

Lomvi

Krykkje

Toppskarv

Storskarv

Lunde

Lomvi

Arfugl

Steinkobbe

Havert

0%

Krykkje

10 %

åpent hav Sommer

Andel av bestanden som omkommer 30 %

Modelled seabird loss probability given as share of stock of different species at a 4500 tonn/d – 50 days oil spill (Source: DNV 2010).

Effect on Fish Tapsandel årsklasserekruttering - Data fra 1980-2004 vs. 2008/09 100 % 90 % 80 %

Sannsynlighet

70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0% 7

7ny

8

8ny

Nordland V

7

7ny

8

8ny

Nordland VI

7

7ny

8

0-1%

7

Nordland V

Torsk 0%

8ny

7ny

8

Nordland VI Sild

1-2%

2-5%

5-10%

10-20%

20-30%

30-50%

>50%

Scenario 7 and 8, modelled possible loss of cod and herring year class reqruiting

8ny

Mass balance Nordland VI oil spill, no response Massebalanse Nordland VI - Offshore utslipp, ingen respons 100%

Massebalanse

80%

Fordampet Overflata Olje i vannmassen Biodegradert Oppsamlet Strandet Sediment Utenfor grid

60%

40%

20%

Evaporated Surface Water column Biodegradated Recovered On beach Sediment Outside grid (Source: SINTEF 2010)

0% 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Tid (dager)

40

45

50

55

60

65

Mass balance Nordland VI, oil spill collection Massebalanse Nordland VI - Offshore utslipp, fremtidig mekanisk oppsamling 100%

Massebalanse

80%

Fordampet Overflata Olje i vannmassen Biodegradert Oppsamlet Strandet Sediment Utenfor grid

60%

40%

20%

Evaporated Surface Water column Biodegradated Recovered On beach Sediment Outside grid (Source: SINTEF 2010)

0% 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Tid (dager)

40

45

50

55

60

65

Possible oil spill recovery challenge

Source: SINTEF 2010

Results from ERA • • • • •

Modelling of oil spill transport and distribution both on the sea surface and in the water column is necessary It is possible to compare different sensitive areas based on ERA The same ERA method and basis criteria must be used in order to be able to compare areas ERA can identify valuable and vulnerable areas connected to possible oil spills The need for oil spill preparedness can be identified based on RA/ERA

Methodology: www.olf.no Environmental Risk Assessment of Exploration Drilling in Nordland VI Report no/DNV Reg No.: A/ 12FJH0G-6 Rev 0, 2010-03-30

Thank you for your attention!