Africa has a diverse and abundant natural resource base and informed and well targeted investments in agriculture sector can lead to significant reductions in poverty, improvements in food security, and the conservation of natural resources for future generation. Rice therefore, provides a viable avenue for poverty reduction because the productivity of rice is superior to other crops. Rice farming generates higher number of on-farm and off-farm rural employment opportunities along the entire value chain. The ability to generate such additional revenues reduces the extent of urban migration of population in rice growing areas. Agriculture research institute (ARI) KATRIN among other crop research activities, has a country mandate for rice improvement and co-ordinate rice research activities in Tanzania. In 2008, the institute was chosen to be the headquarters of the Regional Rice Centre of Excellence (RRCoE) of the Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (EAAPP). Therefore, currently, Tanzania is participating in enlarging technology space for four key commodities through the establishment of Rice Regional Center of Excellence (RRCoE) with aim of lowering of barriers to the movement of technologies across borders. The four commodities are rice, cassava, dairy and wheat. Cassava is hosted by Uganda Regional Center of Excellence - RCoE (NARO); Wheat hosted by Ethiopia RCoE (EIAR); and Dairy hosted by Kenya RCoE (KARI). All the CoEs are developing outputs that have direct bearing (positive impact) on enhancing regional specialization in agricultural research, regional collaboration in agricultural training and dissemination as well as facilitate increased transfer of agricultural technology, information and knowledge across national boundaries.

Nkori J.M. Kibanda RRCoE Coordinator

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Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (EAAPP)

Regional Rice Centre of Excellence (RRCoE) Agriculture Research Institute ARI – KATRIN P/Bag, Ifakara Morogoro Tanzania

This programme is funded by the World Bank seeking to address issues of agricultural productivity (hereby including livestock sector) and development in rice, cassava, wheat and dairy commodities across the region. A five year Phase I (2010/11-2014/15) involves four participating pilot countries namely; Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia, which host Centres of Excellency for rice (RRCoE), dairy (RDCoE), cassava (RCCoE) and wheat (RWCoE) respectively.

Operational in Four countries for phase 1

Ethiopia - Wheat Uganda – Cassava Kenya – Diary

Tanzania – Rice

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The overall goal of EAAPP is to contribute to economic growth through increased agricultural productivity, value added and competitiveness of the sub-regional agricultural system. However the program objectives are to strengthen and scale up regional cooperation in technology generation, training and dissemination programs for priority commodities geared to (i) enhanced regional specialization in agricultural research; (ii) enhanced collaboration in agricultural training and technology dissemination and; (iii) increased transfer of agricultural technology, information and knowledge across national boundaries.

EAAPP Main Goal

Increased Agricultural Productivity

EAAPP strategic plan focuses to address key areas on research and development in agricultural production, post-harvest, processing, value addition and marketing in the region. This is mainly done through regional collaborative interdisciplinary research and development projects suited to major rice growing (rainfed lowland, upland and irrigated) ecosystems with aptitude to demonstrate high scientific quality with regional spill-over effects

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Project 1: Enhancing rice productivity through development of integrated management of major abiotic stresses with exploitation of diversified rice products in Eastern Africa: (TZ, KNY, UG & ETH) Sophia K. Killenga (PI), N. Kibanda (TZ); J. Lamo (UG); J. Kimani (KNY) and Dasta Gebree –( ETH)  Enhancing farmers’ household food security and income through development of high yielding drought tolerant rice with related diversified products and byproducts in Eastern Africa  Extent of salt affected land and characterization for salt tolerance of rice varieties grown in irrigation schemes of Tanzania and Kenya  Improving yield by developing cold and heat temperature tolerant rice in Eastern Africa Project 2: Improving productivity in rice ecosystems through Integrated soil fertility and water management (TZ, KNY & UG): Kajiru, G.J. (PI), Senkoro, C. (TZ); K. Kaizzi (UG) and J. Gitari (KNY)  Establishing and Promoting Fertilizer Recommendation for Upland Rice-based systems in Eastern Tanzania and Western Kenya  Improving Rice productivity through enhanced agricultural water management  Improving soil fertility management practices in Rice ecosystems Project 3: Enhancing adoption of rice technolgies in different ecosystems in Eastern Africa (TZ, KNY &UG): PI TZ: Makonta, C. (PI), P. Kawamala, J. Mghase and J. Kitilu (TZ); C. Aben (UG) and M. Josephat (KNY)  Promotion of technologies through demonstration model in Tanzania  Promotion of NERICA varieties to increase production and productivity of upland rice in Tanzania and Kenya

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Project 4: Development of African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM) management options in Eastern Africa (TZ, KNY & UG): J. Maina (PI), M. Otim (UG), F. Boma, V. Kisamfu , I. Baruani and S. Njana  Population dynamics and management of AfRGM in Eastern Africa Project 5: Development and promotion of small to medium scale mechanization and postharvest technologies for improving rice productivity and grain quality (TZ, UG & ETH): PI - Mr. N. Mlengera (PI)-TZ; Eng. O. Samuel (UG) and Eng. Z. Ayalew  Testing and Promotion of Mechanization Technologies for Improving Rice Productivity Project 6: Increasing Competitiveness of rice value chain in ECA region (TZ, KNY & UG): Nkuba, J. (PI), A. Ndunguru and D. Lwezaura (TZ) [Collaborators from other countries needed)  Increasing Competitiveness of Rice value chain in Eastern and Central Africa Region: Rice value chain development in Tanzania  Analysis of the Rice Value Chain in Tanzania  Analysis of transaction costs on the acquisition of Rice Seed by small- scale farmers: Enhancing seed value chain in ECA region Project 7: Enhancing the productivity of the rice-based systems: Verification and promotion of crop and nutrient management options (TZ, KNY and UG): J. Kayeke (PI), G. Ley, G. Kajiru, M. Kinyau (TZ); R. Kabanyoro (UG), C.K. Kaizzi and M. Ogutu (KNY)  Development of integrated technologies for increasing rice production in lowland rainfed systems  Improving farmers’ livelihoods through up-scaling of rice-lablab rotation technology in Tanzania and Uganda 

Enhancing the productivity of the rice-based systems by inclusion of legume: verification and promotion of crop and nutrient management options

 Rice-bean cropping system for sustainable food security and income for smallscale farmers

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Project 8: Development and promotion of management options for major diseases of rice in Eastern Africa (TZ, UG & KNY): F. Shao-Mwalyego (PI), T. Kessy, N. Kibanda (TZ); J. Lamo (UG) and J. Kimani (KNY)  Development of blast resistant rice genotypes in East Africa  Enhancing rice productivity through integrated disease management: Determination of virulence diversity, resistant germplasm and introduction of management options for brown spot disease pathogen.  Epidemiology and management of RYMV disease in Tanzania and Uganda

Project 9: Regional rice multi-location evaluation trial (TZ, KNY, UG & ETH)

Kenya: Enhancing farmers’ household food security and income through development of high yielding and drought, blast, leaf blight and RYMV tolerant rice and value addition Kenya: Development and validation of demand driven rice for enhanced yield under small-scale farmers’ conditions in major producing areas of Central, Western and Coastal areas of Kenya Uganda: Studies on the biology and ecology of the RYMV and African Rice Gall midge (AfRGM) and identifying sources of resistance to the pest Ethiopia: Enhancing sustainable rice production through development and promotion of rain fed and irrigation rice technologies that best adapted to climatic changes in Ethiopia

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( a) Cassava 1. Cassava improvement through germplasm deployment and sustainable management of cassava brown streak disease (b) Wheat 1. Improving wheat productivity through germplasm improvement and management against drought, Septoria leaf blotch and rust disease stresses (c) Dairy 1. Improving Feeds and Feeding Systems for Small Holder Dairy Cattle Farmers in the Eastern and Southern Highlands Zones of Tanzania 2. Improving Milk and Milk Products Marketing: Market Links and Value -Addition in East African Countries: The Case of Tanzania 3. Improving value addition and marketing of milk for smallholders in EAAPP countries 4. Enhancing adoption of Napier stunt and smut disease tolerant varieties for increased feed availability in small holder diary systems in ECA region. 5. Preventing and controlling east coast fever and milk-borne zoonoses in ECA Page 7 of 20

Kilombero Agricultural Training and Research Institute (KATRIN) which is currently known as Agricultural Research Institute KATRIN (ARI- KATRIN) was founded in September 1963 under the provision of an agreement between the two governments of Tanganyika and the Federal Republic of Germany. It is a government institute, operating under the Department for Research and Development of the Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives (MAFSC), devoted to agricultural development and sustainability through quality and appropriate technology development and transfer.

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ARI- KATRIN is located in the Kilombero valley and lies at 80 04’ South and 360 45’ East with an altitude of 270m above sea level. It is about 14km from Ifakara town and 230km South-West of Morogoro Municipality. The climate is sub-humid tropical grassland and experiences a bimodal rainfall with an average of 1400mm per annum. The long rains starts in March to May whereas the short rains December to February. Annual temperature range is 28-330C. The area is generally gently slopping with an alluvial sand loam soils on the flat areas and the upper zone is dominated by pale sand of granitic gneiss origin.

The station has 1,600 ha of land, of which 150 ha is used for research/experimental activities. The distribution is based on ecosystem as follows; -Upland ecosystem 80 ha -Rainfed lowland 23ha -Rainfed lowland irrigated 47 ha with a potential for expansion up to 100 ha The rest of the land is 44 ha for perennial crops, 10 ha for offices and residential houses while the remaining is forest. Lumemo river which is bordering the station to the west is permanent and potential for irrigation.

ARI-KATRIN technical staff comprises 7 agricultural research officers i.e. two PhD (Plant breeding and Agronomy), two MSc in plant breeding, one MSc in plant pathology, one MSc in agronomy and one BSc Agriculture General. Other staff includes one computer analyst and seven agricultural field officers. There is nine supporting staff which includes an accountant, procurement officer, secretary, registry, office attendant drivers and watchmen.

The institute has seven departments as follows: plant breeding, agronomy, plant protection, soil science, horticulture, agricultural engineering and farm management. Also there are three units namely grain legumes, maize and sugarcane

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From 1967 to 1974, KATRIN was engaged in conducting research on various crops including maize, rice, sorghum, vegetables, soybean, cotton, simsim, jute, bananas, cowpeas, pigeon peas, coconut and different citrus fruits. It was also involved in conducting training to farmers and extension officers and providing extension services.

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After the establishment of commodity research programmes in 1975, KATRIN was mandated to coordinate rice research activities in Tanzania. Although rice is cultivated in nearly all over the country, the regions where rice is produced more includes Estern zone (Morogoro and Coast regions), Southern highlands (Mbeya and Rukwa) and lake zone (Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara). The average rice yield in the country is 1.6t/ha which very low. The most significant rice production and post harvest constraints includes inadequate weed management, pests and diseases (RYMV, BLB, Gall midge, Stem borers, etc), inadequate water management, poor soil fertility and management, drought incidences, inadequate use of machineries, inadequate improved rice seeds (varieties) with acceptable grain qualities, inadequate processing, value addition and marketing of rice and related diversified products. In 1990, the Rice research Program was revised to focused more on farmer’s priorities; amongst being:   

High yield potential varieties with acceptable grain qualities. Uniform medium plant stature and short to medium growth duration Non lodging and non-photosensitive for double cropping in small scale irrigation schemes Resistance to emerging diseases like RYMV, blast and insect pests such as African Rice Gall Midge  Breeding rice varieties suitable for different rice agro-ecosystems of Tanzania. The main breeding approaches are:  Conventional breeding (KATRIN/DAKAWA)  Mutation breeding. This was conducted at the Sokoine University of Agriculture in with assistance and collaboration with International Atomic Energy Agency  Molecular markers assisted breeding. This has been used in selection of breeding lines developed for RYMV resistance collaboratively implemented between ARI-KATRIN and ARI – Mikocheni  Introduction of suitable varieties developed in International Institutes such as IRRI, Africa Rice Centre (WARDA).

-

ARI-KATRIN, Ifakara - Morogoro (National rice research program) ARI- Dakawa (Cholima) - Morogoro ARI-Uyole, Mbeya - Southern Highlands (SH) ARI-Ukiriguru – Mwanza ARI-Tumbi – Tabora SUA (Sokoine University of Agriculture) Morogoro

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Kizimbani Agricultural Research Center (Zanzibar) - JICA- Under the TANRICE project - IRRI - WARDA (Africa Rice Centre) - KATC (Kilimanjaro Agricultural Training Centre) - Local government Authorities

For the past twelve years (2000 to date), ARI KATRIN research activities have mainly concentrated on Rice and Spices. However, in collaboration with other institutes, the station acts as a testing site for other crops such as maize, oil seeds (groundnuts, simsim, soybeans, sunflower), sugarcane, cowpeas, pigeon peas and chickpeas. The rice research program has been working on improving varieties with best response to production attributes and more specifically by selecting breeding lines which are resistant to RYMV to meet farmers’ priorities. Activities which have been conducted in 2009/10 are as follows:o o o o o o

o

o o o

Germplasm collection and maintenance (400 rice germplasm are being maintained) Genetic enhancement to increase productivity in rice through breeding e.g. resistance varieties to RYMV disease in Tanzania. Lowland NERICA rice evaluation trial (21 varieties) Upland NERICA rice trial Determination of the optimum N and P rates in lowland rice in the Eastern zone Determination of the optimum plant spacing, N and P rates in upland rice in the Eastern zone Evaluation of Green Super Rice  Irrigated hybrid observational nurseries  Rainfed lowland inbred observational nurseries Participatory variety (PVS) selection of IRRI lines (plate 1)  Medium maturing high yielding varieties (25 lines)  Aromatic types (15 lines) Participatory variety selection (PVS) of Upland NERICA varieties (6 varieties) Evaluation of 36 Lowland NERICA varieties ( A collaboration with WARDA office in Dar es Salaam) Blast evaluation trial (Testing materials from WARDA for reaction to blast in the field in a hot spot area)

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Determination of time of harvesting and post-harvest management requirements to enhance milling quality of TXD 306 (SARO 5) variety o Seed multiplication of breeder seed, pre-basic and basic seeds according to ASA requirements (mainly TXD 306 and Super India). See plate 2.

 Inadequate manpower ranging from officers to supporting staffs  Less equipped laboratories facilities  Lack of research supporting logistics such as cold rooms, tractors, seed/seedling transplanters, threshers, leveling machines, seed counters, small milling machines, green & screen houses  Inadequate financial support

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 Available of good agricultural policy that put more emphasis on use of irrigation agriculture and improved varieties (ASDP DADPs)  Available land potential for rice production under irrigation (out of potential 940,000 ha., only 208,300 ha. are under irrigation)  Presence of market & increased domestic and international rice demand  Presences of a high genetic diversity of local cultivars endowed with farmers’ preferred charactersAvailable rice research partners who are ready to support rice research in Tanzania e.g. IRRI, WARDA (Africa Rice Centre), JICA, AGRA, Rockefeller Foundation etc.

Through mutation breeding in collaboration with SUA, two varieties (Kalalu and Mwangaza) resistant to RYMV were produced and released. Agronomic packages for rice varieties (plant spacing, fertilizer rates and seeding rate, weeds management by use of herbicides like roundup (glyphosate) and 2,4-D (amines) to control grasses and broadleaves/sedges respectively, harvesting time, and post harvest handling) have been developed and are being used by farmers .

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ARI-KATRIN as a coordinating centre has successfully been able to release three local improved varieties namely, 

Irrigated varieties TXD 85, TXD 88 and TXD 306; and



five upland NERICA varieties namely NERICA 1, NERICA 2, NERICA 4, NERICA 7 and WAB 450-12-2-BL1-DV4, which are further described hereunder.

VARIETY (Year release)

AROMA of

AGROECOLOGICAL

POTENTIAL

SYSTEM

YIELD (t/ha)

FARMERS

DAYS TO

REACTION TO RYMV

YIELD

MATURITY

(t/ha)

TXD 85 (2000) TXD 88

Non Non

(2000) TXD 306

(2001) NERICA 1(2009) NERICA 2 (2009) NERICA 4(2009) NERICA 7(2009) WAB 45012-2-BL1DV4(2009) *SUPA

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Semi aromatic

Rain-fed lowland and irrigated 5.7-6.0

4.0-4.8

110-120

Moderately susceptible

Rain-fed lowland and irrigated 6.0-7.0

4.0-5.5

110-116

Moderately susceptible

Rain-fed lowland and irrigated 4.5-5.5

3.7-4.3

120-125

Highly susceptible

Aromatic Upland rain-fed

3.0-4.5

93

Not tested

Non

Upland rain-fed

3.0-4.0

95

Not tested

Non

Upland rain-fed

4.5-5.5

95

Not tested

Non

Upland rain-fed

4.0-5.5

90

Not tested

Non

Upland

5.0-6.0

98

Not tested

aromatic

Rainfed lowland

120-135

Highly susceptible

2.0-3.0

0.5-1.5

SECTION

RESEARCH ACTIVITY

1. Breeding/rice improvement

Breeder seed production of improved rice variety Rice germplasm maintenance, evaluation and characterization Hybridization of resistant material to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) On-farm rice varieties verification and demonstration

2. Plant Protection

Screening Rice genotypes against RYMV Survey and identification of insect vectors of RYMV Screening for diseases especially RYMV (plate 3) and blast Control of chafer grubs in rice in three agro-ecological zones in Kilombero district (plate 4) Develop an IPM package for the management of major insect pest such as African rice midge, white flies and black beetles, which are emerging as important pests

3. Agronomy

Screening and evaluating and evaluating herbicides for control of weeds in irrigated and lowland rainfed rice Evaluating the use of rice husks as a source of fertilizer and for weed suppression On-farm verification of whip super 120 EW and sindax for control of weeds in direct seed rice Develop area/variety specific fertilizer recommendations.

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Chafer grubs, one of the disturbing rice crop pest in Kilombero district. Page 17 of 20

The aim of this project stems from the governments concern on the food security and income of the society through employment of the crop as an alternative cash earning of the farmers who solely depend on food crops for their cash.

The project began in 2002 following the proposal by the then Minister for Agriculture and Food Security when he visited the district in October 2001 and suggested that Kilombero district farmers need an alternative crop to earn cash apart from the traditional rice crop. Subsequently, the station was assigned the task of collecting, multiplying, evaluating and characterizing the germplasm with the ultimate goal have adapted spices materials to release to farmers. Various spices germplasm of differing accessions from different areas are currently being maintained and multiplied for future use. These include vanilla, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, ginger, turmeric, black pepper and paprika (plate 5). Other agricultural research institutes working with KATRIN as testing sites for spices are:- Maruku, Mlingano and Uyole.

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Collaboration with other Institutions ARI KATRIN collaborates closely not only with other research institutes but also with various agricultural development partners e.g. Universities, IRRI, NRI, ASPS, ASARECA, AfricaRice, JICA etc. Co-operation is mainly through collaborative research for mutual benefits and exchange of research findings. Co-operation and a two way information exchange between KATRIN and the national Agricultural Extension system is growing. Funding ARI-KATRIN’s funding to meet the running costs are obtained mainly from three sources. The first one is the government through the MAFSC. Though this is the reliable source, the amount is continuously falling far short of what is required, calling for support from donor community. The second source is from Agricultural research development agencies and thirdly the self help fund organized and run by ARI-KATRIN which is not very reliable.

Agriculture training In addition, KATRIN has been conducting training for certificate in general agriculture since 2007/08 academic year. It has 11 Agricultural tutors (Discussions between WB representatives and ARI – KATRIN scientists took place in student’s classroom - 2012)

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.

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