External Male Reproductive Organs Scrotum Loose sac of skin that extends outside the body Contains the testes Ensures testes are kept at 98.6˚F Testes Male sex glands that produce sperm and manufacture testosterone Epididymis is located on the back side of each testis and allows for maturation of sperm Penis Tube-like organ that functions in both sexual reproduction and elimination of urine
Sponge-like tissue of the penis fill with blood, causing
it to become erect When erect, semen can be ejaculated 300 to 500 million sperm per ejaculation
Circumcision of the foreskin is performed for religious
and cultural reasons Some doctors believed it was necessary to limit infection, but not necessary anymore
Internal Male Reproductive Organs Vas deferens Connects each epididymis with the urethra Main carrier of sperm Sperm can remain here for several months Semen is formed through this 16-18” long tube Urethra 6-8” duct that extends from urinary bladder, through prostate and to the tip of the penis Carries urine and semen out of the body
Seminal Vesicles Contribute the most secretions to the semen (around 60%) Located on either side of the prostate Allow sperm to be mobile and nourished Prostate Glands Just below the bladder Helps neutralize acids found in urethra and vagina Cowper’s Glands Below prostate gland Secretes a clear mucus that helps carry and protect sperm
Concerns of Male Reproductive System Nocturnal Emissions Buildup of semen pressure Ejaculations while sleeping Perfectly normal Hernia Internal organ pushes through the wall of muscle Inguinal hernia
Strained abdominal muscles that allow part of the intestine to push through the ab wall into the scrotum
Sterility and STDs Inability to produce offspring Overheating, exposure to certain chemicals, problems with internal sex organs Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes Cancer Testicular and Prostate Testicular more between 14 and 40 Can occur from undescended testes First sign usually a lump or enlargement of testis
Prostate Cancer After lung, most popular cancer in men Frequent or difficult urination Pain when urinating Blood in urine Lingering pain in back, hips, or pelvis Usually in older males
Male Reproductive Health Regular medical exams Proper care Personal hygiene Monthly self-exam of testicles Gently roll testis between thumb and fingers Check for swelling or lumps
External Female Reproductive Organs Vulva Collective name for mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening and clitoris Mons pubis Rounded mound of fatty tissue on front of pubic bone Labia Labia majora
Fatty outer folds on either side of the vaginal opening Outer borders of vulva Provide moisture and lubrication
Labia Minora Between labia majora Contain oil glands and blood vessels and sensitive nerve endings Vaginal Opening Between labia minora Sometimes blocked by the hymen Clitoris Between the mons pubis Many nerve endings, becomes filled with blood during sexual arousal
Internal Female Reproductive Organs Vagina Muscle-lined tube that extends from uterus to outside the body Leads to the cervix Uterus Hollow, muscular organ that holds fertilized ovum during pregnancy Shaped like an upside-down pear
Fallopian Tubes Each side of the uterus that connect to the region of ovaries Lined with cilia that gather released ovum Ovaries Two female sex glands which produce mature ova and female hormones Ovulation is the releasing of one mature ovum each month
Menstruation Typical cycle is 28 days long Uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy; build up of
blood vessels and other tissues in endometrium No pregnancy, uterus contracts and sheds the uterine lining Starts between ages 10 to 15 usually and ends around 50
Female Reproductive Health Care Good hygiene Proper changing of sanitary pads and tampons Premenstrual Syndrome Week or two before their period Anxiety, depression, irritability, bloating, mood swings, fatigue Dysmenorrhea Severe menstrual cramps
Amenorrhea Lack of menstruation by age 16 Stopping in someone who previously menstruated and is not pregnant Inferitilty Inability to become pregnant Blocking of one or more fallopian tubes Not ovulating Endometriosis STDs (gonorrhea and chlamydia)
Vaginitis Inflammation of vaginal tissue Discharge, burning, itching Yeast infections Vaginosis Trichomoniasis Cancer Breast Cancer
One of most common in females
Cervical Cancer Pap Test
Ovarian Cancer 25,000 American females a year 16,000 die Difficult to check Abdominal pressure, bloating, discomfort, nausea, indigestion, gas, frequent urination, constipation, diarrhea Abnormal bleeding, unusual fatigue unexplained weight gain, shortness of breath
Female Reproductive Health Bathing regularly Washing external organs Regular professional and self-examinations are key Pelvic Exam Yearly pelvic exams after sexually active or 21 Breast Self-Exam Every month Right after a menstrual period After 40, regular mammogram