DE SISTI LIGHTING PROFILE

THE HISTORY Founded in February of 1982 by the internationally acclaimed designer Mario De Sisti, De Sisti Lighting has emerged as a world leader in the manufacture and distribution of top quality lighting equipment in the motion picture, television, theatre and professional photography industries. With a strong emphasis on craftsmanship and performance, the company has been responsible for numerous major technological advances both in the electromechanical and photometric areas of luminaire development. As trend setters in the entertainment industry, De Sisti has guided such important innovations as flicker-free electronic ballasts, singleend high efficiency HMI lamps, motorised self-climbing hoists, telescopes and, most recently, robotic controlled lighting.

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION Headquartered in Rome, Italy, the company presently operates in 42 countries around the globe. This extensive network of professional and experienced personnel enables De Sisti to provide unmatched levels of stock, service, customer support and project management, while maintaining its leadership position on the creative advancement of the art of Lighting.

ORGANIZATION CHART “DE SISTI LIGHTING S.p.A.” President President &&CEO CEO

Mario MarioDe DeSisti Sisti

General GeneralDirector Director Operations Operations

General Director General Director Commercial&Marketing Commercial&Marketing Fabio De Sisti

Sergio SergioDe DeSisti Sisti

Assistent Assistentofof Gen. Gen.Dir. Dir.Oper. Oper.

Fabio De Sisti

Luigi LuigiCogliano Cogliano

Technical Technical Director Director

Production Production Director Director

Sergio SergioDe DeSisti Sisti

Luigi LuigiCogliano Cogliano

Electr.Control Electr.Control Electr. Electr.Power Power Mechanical Mechanical Workshop Workshop Director Director Director Prototypes Director Director Director Prototypes Giuseppe Paolilli Paolo Brevetti Giuseppe Paolilli

Paolo Brevetti

Giorgio GiorgioIori Iori

Production ProductionPlanning Planning &&Purchasing PurchasingDep. Dep.

Electronic Electronic Department Department

Claudio ClaudioRinaldi Rinaldi

Production Production Planning Planning

Purchasing& Purchasing& Expediting Expediting

CDL CDL1121.1 1121.1

CDL CDL1121.2 1121.2

Cost CostControl Control&& Subcontractor Subcontractor Activities Activities CDL CDL1121.3 1121.3

Aldo AldoPedacchia Pedacchia

Personal Personal Administr. Administr.

A.A.Campanella Campanella

Paolo PaoloRadi Radi

Massimo MassimoLobefaro Lobefaro

Roberto RobertoRinaldi Rinaldi

G. G.Scasciafratte Scasciafratte

Davide DavideRenis Renis

Office OfficeSales Sales North NorthItaly Italy

Coordination Coordination Export ExportOffice Office

Secretariat Secretariat &&Support Support

Projects Projects Planning Planning

Gianni GianniFelici Felici

Office OfficeSales Sales Foreign ForeignCountry Country

Claudio ClaudioCappelletti Cappelletti

Aldo AldoPedacchia Pedacchia

General General Accounting Accounting

A.A.Scaglioni Scaglioni

Project Project Specialist Specialist

Administration Administration Director Director

Production Production Unit Unit A.A.Scaglioni Scaglioni

Warehouse Warehouse Finished FinishedProduct Product Andrea AndreaMariotti Mariotti

Warehouse Warehouse Comp.& Comp.&Raw RawMater. Mater. A.A.Scardaoni Scardaoni

Production Production ofof Ballast Ballast

Production Production HMI HMILuminaires Luminaires

Spare SpareParts Parts Preparation Preparation

Technical Technical Assistance Assistance

Production Productionofof Fluorescent Fluorescent

Production Productionofof Quartz QuartzLumin. Lumin.

Mechanical Mechanical Assembly Assembly

Electrical Electrical Assembly Assembly

Material MaterialPrepar. Prepar. for forProject Project

Material Material Handling Handling

CDL CDL1122.1 1122.1

CDL CDL1122.2 1122.2

CDL CDL1122.3 1122.3

CDL CDL1122.4 1122.4

CDL CDL1124.1 1124.1

CDL CDL1124.2 1124.2

CDL CDL1124.3 1124.3

CDL CDL1124.4 1124.4

CDL CDL1125.2 1125.2

CDL CDL1125.1 1125.1

DE SISTI Manufacturing •

Going through an exceptional growth and many important achievements, De Sisti today is: – based with his Factory (tot. Area 5.000 sq.m.) in the South of Rome-Italy within an Industrial area; – it employs 110 persons; – it is supported by a network of very specialised subcontracting firms (laser cutting, high precision machine shops, paint, plating, electronic boards manufacturing and tropycalizing, etc.) that work exclusively for it and employ another 200 persons in total; Thanks to the above structure, the Company is capable to absorb exceptional work loads. Historically there have been a tremendous number of projects carried on at the same time.

• De Sisti Head quarter - Factory

Laser Cutting Technology

DE SISTI Research & Development • •

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R&D Team of 30 Specialists . R&D Program: Rigging Products (Hoists, telescopes, pantographs, Scenery Hoists, etc.) with simple or automated controls, Tungsten and Discharge Lighting products, Electronic Ballasts , Motorised Lighting Fixtures and a number of special accessories. R & D Specializations: –

• Motorised Lights R&D

• Electronic Ballasts R&D

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mechanics, optics, photometry, electric, power and control electronics, thermodynamic. An internal Laboratory is available for thermal test, mechanical stress test, rain protection test, insulation test with earth leakage measurements, photometry measurements. At the factory is also available a 12 m. high crane, specifically equipped to perform extension test on rigging products. These Specialists are managing the product inspections at the external laboratories and SAFETY Institutes, like TÜV, VBG, UL.

SAFETY STANDARDS De Sisti products are designed and manufactured up to the most severe safety standards available internationally. All the rigging devices are approved to the DIN 15560 part 46 standards by the TÜV, an independent German Institute having the authority to certify the product safety.

• Drop Test • Rain Protection Test

THE PRODUCTS LIGHTING FIXTURES • Studio Lights • Location Lights • Tungsten sources • Discharge sources • Fluorescent sources • Electronic ballasts • Cold lighting - CD range • Fully automated set lights

RIGGING EQUIPMENT • Self Climbing Hoists • Grid Mounted Hoists • Modular Hoists • Mini Hoists • Telescopes & Trolleys • Pantographs & Spiders • Scenery Hoists • Manual or positioning controls

STUDIO SYSTEMS •

COMPLIMENTARY STUDIO DESIGN.

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BUDGETING AND PRELIMINARY DRAWING SUBMITTAL.

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SUGGESTIONS OF STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS,

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INTEGRATION MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PLANT.

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT.

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INSTALLATION SUPERVISION & PERSONNEL TRAINING.

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SUPPORT FOR MAINTENANCE & SPARE PARTS

• Technical Dept.

De Sisti Project Team •CUSTOMER •CUSTOMER Responsible Responsibleof ofthe theProject Project from fromthe theCustomer Customerside side Inquiries Inquiriesand andContacts Contacts

•SENIOR •SENIORMANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT •CONTRACT •CONTRACTSUPERVISION SUPERVISION MARIO MARIODE DESISTI SISTI FABIO FABIODE DESISTI SISTI SERGIO SERGIODE DESISTI SISTI

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION&& PLANNING PLANNING MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT Ing. . LUIGI Ing Ing. LUIGICOGLIANO COGLIANO

PROJECT PROJECTMANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CLAUDIO CLAUDIOCAPPELLETTI CAPPELLETTI Ing. . DAVIDE Ing Ing. DAVIDERENIS RENIS FIELD FIELDENGINEERS ENGINEERS On Onsite siteSupervision: Supervision:

•Quality •Qualitycontrol controland andproper proper execution executionofofjobs. jobs. •Labour •Labourco-ordination co-ordination •Fine •Finetuning tuning&& Commissioning Commissioningofofsystem system •Training •Trainingofofpersonnel personnel

ANDREA ANDREA FORMICHELLA FORMICHELLA Electric Electricsystem system Electronic Electronicsystem system &&controls controls FRANCESCO FRANCESCO MERCURI MERCURI Mechanical Mechanicalsystem system &&specialised specialisedworks works

Project ProjectManagement: Management: ••Drawings/Manuals Drawings/Manualsfor for

projects projects •Standards •Standards&&Normative Normative •Co-ordination •Co-ordinationofofworks: works: •Planning/Purchasing •Planning/Purchasing •Formal •Formalhand handover overofofthe the project. project.

DESIGN DESIGN SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS &&PRODUCTS PRODUCTS SUPPORT SUPPORT Ing. . GIUSEPPE Ing Ing. GIUSEPPEPAOLILLI PAOLILLI •Controls/Logic •Controls/Logic Electronics ElectronicsSystems Systems&& software software GIORGIO GIORGIOIORI IORI •Mechanics, •Mechanics,Optics Optics •Supporting •SupportingStructure Structure dimensioning dimensioning&&Design Design Ing. . PAOLO Ing Ing. PAOLOBREVETTI BREVETTI •Power •PowerElectronics Electronics&& Power PowerSystems Systems

Background on Projects •

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•

De Sisti Lighting project Team is a well proved group providing high quality services for the proper execution of system works. The Target of such an important institution within the Company is to satisfy the needs of the customer, putting on practice within the scheduled time those products and installation works proposed, making sure of their compliance with safety standards and performances. De Sisti Project Team has an extensive and prestigious reference of TURN KEY projects made along the years, the individual Specialists forming the group are not only well educated in the different subjects, but also experienced in such a delicate activity. Please look at the De Sisti reference list of main projects to see the types, quality and quantity of works performed by our Project Team.

Turn Key Project examples Universal Studios Orlando USA

Lifetime Astoria Studios New York USA

U.R. TV Stockholm SWEDEN

S.R. TV Fully Automated Studios Saarbrucken GERMANY

WOX TV Studios

Videa Studios

Essen GERMANY

Rome ITALY

NOB Studios Hilversum HOLLAND

LIGHTING SUSPENSIONS In studios the majority of lighting is placed at a reasonable height above the acting area, as the floor cannot be full of Lighting and distribution equipment, considering the clutter of Video Camera and Booms. This requirement combined with the lighting fixture choice and positioning has pushed the industry to develop a range of lighting suspension products in order to fulfil the different studio sizes, requirements (type of programs) and budgets. De Sisti Lighting, being fully committed with this particular sector of the entertainment industry, has developed a wide range of rigging and lighting products, designed and manufactured up to the most severe Safety Standards and applying the concept of total quality.

PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS RIGGING EQUIPMENT • Self Climbing Hoists: Fixed Trackable

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Grid Mounted Hoists: ropes in line or 2+2 Heavy duty grid hoist Modular Hoists Mini Hoists Fixed Trackable

• • • •

Telescopes & Trolleys: grid or rail mounted Pantographs & Spiders Scenery Hoists Rail systems

Lighting Saturation of net production area

Movable Systems: punctual coverage of net production area

Rigging range for medium/large studios •

GRID MOUNTED HOISTS For installation above grids. Load Capacity max. 160 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m. Min./Max. Pipe length = 1,5 m. / 4,5 m.

SELF CLIMBING HOISTS For Fixed or Rail mounting Load Capacity max. 140 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m. Min./Max. Pipe length = 1,5 m. / 4,5 m.

CYCLORAMA LIGHTING HOISTS Load Capacity max. 160 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m. Min./Max. Pipe length = 4 m. / 8 m.

Rigging range for medium/small studios •

MINI HOISTS For Fixed or Rail mounting Load Capacity max. 60 kg. Max. net extension 13,5 m. Pipe length = 2 m.

SCENERY HOISTS For Fixed or Rail mounting Load Capacity max. 140 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m.

PANTOGRAPHS Load Capacity max. 30 kg. Max. net extension up to 5 m.

Rigging range - Telescope technique •

MOTORIZED TELESCOPE/TROLLEY For Rail mounting Load Capacity max. 80 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m.

GRID TELESCOPE/TROLLEY For Grid mounting Load Capacity max. 80 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m.

POWER RAIL TELESCOPE/TROLLEY Fully automated system Load Capacity max. 80 kg. Max. net extension 10,5 m.

Rigging range - the “SPIDER” • • • • • • • •

A new rigging element based on a motorised double pantograph structure. Available for either 40 kg. or 70 kg. Lifting capacity. FIXED or RAIL mounting (manual or motorised trolley). Manual or Positioning control. Very compact closed dimensions, to optimise the use of the STUDIO HEIGHT. Very STABLE support for moving lights. Possibility to add several standard cables for technical devices (AUDIO-VIDEO). Cost effective if compared to telescope solutions.

Rigging range - Self Climbing Hoists Total lifting capacity of winch unit: 240 kg / 530 lbs. Net lifting capacity of Hoist: It is determined from the tot. 240 kg / 530 lbs. minus the self weight of the hoist moving part, that can vary from 70 to 130 kg., depending on the construction. Normally the Safe Working Load is 140 kg. / 309 lbs. Lift cables:4 x 4 mm. diameter, 7 x 19 construction, galvanised steel wire ropes, specific resistance class 180 kg. : sq.mm. UNI 7293-74. Minimum breaking load 955 kg. / 2.108 lbs. Winch Unit specs for Vertical lift: 1,1 kW, 3 phase AC primary supply, 1,5 HP. Insertion factor 0,4 = 4 minutes continuous operation, 6 minutes rest. Transmission ratio 238,1:1 Automatic interlock: Sd Dynamic automatic interlock Motor speed n1 = 2.800 rpm Output speed n2 = 11,8 rpm. Nominal Output Torque = 270 Nm. Thermal protection on motor for 90°C intervention. Automatic resetting. Load Sensing: Over/under load sensing mechanism independent on each lift cable. Travel Limit Mechanism: TUV approved, 3 mm. resolution, continuous tuning, double safety switches.

Typical Trackable Hoist with catwalk

Rigging range - Scenery Hoists Net lifting capacity: 140 kg. / 309 lbs. Lift cables: 2 x 4 mm. diameter, 7 x 19 construction, galvanised steel wire ropes, specific resistance class 180 kg. : sq.mm. UNI 7293-74. Minimum breaking load 955 kg. / 2.108 lbs. Winch Unit specs for Vertical lift: 1,1 kW, 3 phase AC primary supply, 1,5 HP. Insertion factor 0,4 = 4 minutes continuous operation, 6 minutes rest. Transmission ratio 238,1:1 Automatic interlock: Sd Dynamic automatic interlock Motor speed n1 = 2.800 rpm Output speed n2 = 11,8 rpm. Nominal Output Torque = 270 Nm. Thermal protection on motor for 90°C intervention. Automatic resetting. Load Sensing: Over/under load sensing mechanism independent on each lift cable. Travel Limit Mechanism: TUV approved, 3 mm. resolution, continuous tuning, double safety switches.

Rigging range - Modular Lighting Hoists Total lifting capacity of winch unit: 240 kg / 530 lbs. Net lifting capacity of Hoist: It is determined from the tot. 240 kg / 530 lbs. minus the self weight of the hoist moving part, that can vary from60 to 100 kg., depending on the construction. Normally the Safe Working Load is 140 kg. / 309 lbs. Lift cables: 2 x 4 mm. diameter, 7 x 19 construction, galvanised steel wire ropes, specific resistance class 180 kg. : sq.mm. UNI 7293-74. Minimum breaking load 955 kg. / 2.108 lbs. Winch Unit specs for Vertical lift: 1,1 kW, 3 phase AC primary supply, 1,5 HP. Insertion factor 0,4 = 4 minutes continuous operation, 6 minutes rest. Transmission ratio 238,1:1 Automatic interlock: Sd Dynamic automatic interlock Motor speed n1 = 2.800 rpm Output speed n2 = 11,8 rpm. Nominal Output Torque = 270 Nm. Thermal protection on motor for 90°C intervention. Automatic resetting. Load Sensing: Over/under load sensing mechanism independent on each lift cable. Travel Limit Mechanism: TUV approved, 3 mm. resolution, continuous tuning, double safety switches.

The lifting device: it is the section fixed to the studio grid and contains all the primary elements for the motion generation, control and safety; this section is divided in three elements: 2 ropes diverter/load sensing boxes, 1 motorised winch drive unit.

The moving batten: it is the moving section where can be fixed up to 4 cyclorama lights, 4 compartments each, electrically connected to the dimmer circuits channelled through a flat folding cable and to a distribution box.

SAFETY STANDARDS • De Sisti products are designed and manufactured up to the most severe safety standards available internationally. • All the rigging devices are approved to the DIN 15560 part 46 standards by the TÜV, an independent German Institute having the authority to certify the product safety. • The safety is a basic design parameter, the rigging products in the range are available in different versions, to fulfil the different Countries requirements (U.L. for North America, CE for Europe, etc.).

EXAMPLE OF CERTIFICATIONS: TÜV - UL

STATE OF THE ART LIGHTING AUTOMATION ZDF - CAPITALSTUDIOS -BERLIN (GERMANY)

Month Year

Customer

Studio

City

03-99

ZDF

Studio 1

Berlin

03-99

ZDF

Studio 2

Berlin

01-00

ZDF

Studio 3

Berlin

Country

Type of Suspension system installed

GERMANY 12 Motorized TV Telescopes, 110 Motorized Telescopes, 134 Motorized Trolley, 110 Motorized 2kW Fresnel Spotlights GERMANY 72 Telescopes, 8 TV Telescopes, 72 Motorized 2 kW Fresnel Spotlights. GERMANY 48 Spider Hoists.

AUTOMATED SET LIGHTS AND RIGGING SYSTEMS - ICARUS 2000

INCLUDES MOTORISED LIGHTS AND RIGGING. ALLOWS DETAILED FOCUSING, MEMORIZATION OF POSITIONS AND PLAYBACK FROM ONE OR MORE REMOTE CONTROLS. THE MOTORIZED DEVICES ACCEPT DUAL CONTROL INPUTS: STANDARD DMX 512 and ICARUS 2000. MOVING LIGHTS FOR EFFECTS, COLOR CHANGERS AND OTHER DMX CONTROLLED STANDARD DEVICES ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THIS SYSTEM.

AUTOMATED SYSTEM BENEFITS Standardization: the system can be controlled by standard DMX consoles, the ICARUS section is supervising and getting back the information at control level, giving an 100% BACK UP. 1 Person running the whole system. Artistic benefit: any light source can be vertically moved, finally adjusted, change in colour and beam spread within seconds from 1 person. Fast turn-around of set ups. Efficiency in dimensioning the system: because of the high degree of movement it is not necessary to saturate the ceiling of the Studio. The saving in quantity of light points experienced in the installations around the world is 50%. Energy saving : an equivalent system using a conventional lighting technology would require more light sources (at least 2 times those used in a fully automated system) kept on for a much longer time during preparation, with a consequent higher energy consumption and bigger requirement of air conditioning because of the higher heat produced. Safety: because of the remote control feature it is not necessary to physically reach the light sources, unless for inspection or maintenance.

Rigging range - Automated Telescopes/Trolleys on rails and electrified lines

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Two axis for lighting points positioning. Reduced number of units, thanks to large movement range and memorised set ups. DMX and ICARUS data lines on SLIDING CONTACTS. V-H-V (Vertical - Horizontal - Vertical) automated playback with ICARUS.

Automated Lighting Fixtures • Fresnel Spotlights: – PAN - 370° – TILT - 90° – FOCUS - Spot/Flood – BARNDOOR ROTATION 180° – 4 LEAF (Independent) - 130° – SPEED CONTROL

• Fresnel Softlights: – PAN - 370° – TILT - 90° – SPEED CONTROL

• Accessories: – COLOR CHANGERS – MECHANICAL DIMMERS – ELECTRONIC BALLASTS FOR DISCHARGE LAMP FIXTURES

Automated Systems Installed Around the World TVE - Studio 6 - Barcelona - Spain UR TV - Studio A & B - Stockolm - Sweden S.R. TV - Studio 1, 2 & 3 - Saarbrucken - Germany ABC - Studio 1 - New York - U.S.A. N.O.B. - Studio Interactive - Hilversum - Holland Hoffburg House - Congress Hall - Vienna - Austria Opera Theatre - Vienna - Austria Congress Hall - Lille - France „ UR TV - Studio B - Sweden P.O.P.B. Palays Omnisport de Paris Bercy - Paris - France Channel 5 - Studio 3 - Bangkok - Thailand YLE - Studio 4 - Helsinky - Finland YLE - Studio A - Tampere - Finland TELECINCO -Studio 6 - Madrid - Spain ZDF - Capital Studios 1, 2 & 3, Berlin - Germany CCTV - Bejing - China „ S.R. TV - Studio 3 - Germany HR - Studio 1 - Frankfurt - Germany VIDEOTIME - Studio 14 - Milan - Italy

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P.O.P.B. - Paris - France

Tungsten Lighting - The Studio Fresnels LEONARDO 5 kW LEONARDO DUAL FILAMENT 2,5+2,5 kW

LEONARDO 2 kW LEONARDO DUAL FILAMENT 1,25+1,25 kW LEONARDO DUAL FILAMENT 1,25+2,5 kW

LEONARDO 1 kW

MAGIS 300/500/650 W

Available either with Manual or Pole operated yoke and focusing

Tungsten Lighting - The Studio Softlights

z

WYETH RANGE: 2 versions z 1 lamp 118 mm. Tot. Max. Power 1 kW z 2 lamps 118 mm. Tot. Max. Power 2 kW

z

BOTTICELLI RANGE: 3 versions z 1 lamp 189 mm. Tot. Max. Power 1,25 kW z 2 lamps 189 mm. Tot. Max. Power 2,5 kW z 4 lamps 189 mm. Tot. Max. Power 5 kW

Tungsten Lighting - Cyclorama front lights z

GIOTTO Overhead lights 1 compartment 2 compartment horizontal 2 compartments vertical 3 compartments horizontal 4 compartments horizontal 4 compartments vertical (2 + 2)

z

DUCCIO Ground-row lights Modular system Hinged and rigid BOTH RANGES AVAILABLE IN MULTIPIN CONNECTOR ARRANGMENTS

Fluorescent Lighting - De Lux range

z

DE LUX 36 W LAMPS 2 LAMPS 4 LAMPS 6 LAMPS

z

POWER CONSUMPTION OF THE UNITS = 55W x number of lamps versions: ON/OFF - ANALOG - DMX - PHASE CONTROL MANUAL OR POLE OPERATED HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRONIC POWER SUPPLIES

z

DE LUX 55 W LAMPS 2 LAMPS 4 LAMPS 6 LAMPS

Cold Lighting - The CD Lights CD7F 70W Fresnel

CD15S 150W Softlight

CD15F 150W Fresnel

CD15B 150W Broadlight

CD15P 150W Par

HIGH EFFICIENCY ~ 90 lum/watt (more than 4 times an equivalent filament source) LONG LAMP LIFE ~ 10.000 hours LAMPS: either 3.000°K or 4.200°K (3.000°K can be mixed with filament or fluorescents) COLD BEAM FOR TALENT CONFORT (small AIR CONDITIONING requirements) ENERGY SAVING (ideal for small studios for news, video catalogue, conferences, etc)

Fluo-Lights R-G-B-W for back-light cycs •

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The system is formed by a number of 4 lamp (white, red, green and blue phosphors) fluorescent units spaced on 1 m. centres and 1 m. behind a white translucent screen. By changing the intensities of the different primary colour lamps, it can be obtained any colour on the cyclorama. Full power of either the green or the blue lamps will obtain a perfect matching with the relevant Chroma-key. Each unit requires 4 channels of DMX, one per lamp, with the control of each lamp intensity performed directly from a DMX control console. The R-G-B-W units need a direct mains and a DMX connection. The address of each unit is locally configurable by acting on two push buttons. Both mains and DMX can be daisy chained on multiple units

„ R-G-B-W Fluorescent unit

Fluo-Lights R-G-B-W for back-light cycs COST SAVINGS & BENEFITS OVER TUNGSTEN FRONT CYC LIGHTs: „ „ „ „ „ „

Extended lamp life No need for colour filters Low energy consumption Small heat projection (Smaller Air conditioning requirements). More free studio floor space Possibility of effects and projections on the screen.

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Track mounting provides the flexibility to position the units along the studio walls.

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HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL mounting for different types of effects.

Lighting - The DAYLIGHTS

THE LARGEST AND MOST INNOVATIVE RANGE OF PARS, FRESNELS, BROAD-SHADOWLIGHTS AND ELECTRONIC BALLASTS