Creating the Vision: Custom Aluminum Extrusions in Building & Construction

Creating the Vision: Custom Aluminum Extrusions in Building & Construction Presented by:

Scott Condreay Architectural Engineering Manager TBD Sapa Extrusions North America [email protected]

Presenting Sponsor:

www.sapagroup.com/NA

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How do you envision aluminum extrusions?

Like this?

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How do you envision aluminum extrusions? Or like this?

Or this?

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How do you envision aluminum extrusions? Even this?

Or this?

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Moving beyond the built environment … What about this?

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Moving beyond the built environment … Or this?

The versatility of aluminum, and the extrusion process, takes extrusions from the Apple Watch to the Apple Campus, from the auto world to lighting, solar energy, machinery, sporting goods and a wide range of applications in the built environment 6

Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda •

An Overview - Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion - The Extrusion Process

•

Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing)

• Case Examples • Additional Resources 7

Introduction Aluminum Extrusions are a preferred material for commercial construction due to their unique combination of attributes: • Lightweight strength • Design flexibility • Longevity, and low maintenance • Sustainability – infinite recyclability and high recycled content potential

With this highly workable material you can create – not choose – shapes that yield functionality and aesthetics, while providing superior cost effectiveness and sustainability.

The Michael Lee-Chin Crystal building, an addition to Toronto’s Royal Ontario Museum. Over 18 miles of aluminum extrusions (90,000 square feet) were used in the structure 8

Introduction Some of the applications for aluminum extrusions in commercial buildings: •

Fenestration • Windows and doors (including hurricane- forced entry– tornado- and blast-resistant) • Store Fronts & Curtain walls

•

Energy Management • Sun shades and louvers • Light shelves • Photovoltaic panel framing, mounting

•

Skylights & Canopies • Sun rooms • Atriums and enclosures • Observatories • Gates & archways 9

Introduction Some of the innovative applications for aluminum extrusions in commercial buildings: • Structure • Bridge decks • Canopies • Space frame systems • Garages and parking covers • Geodesic domes and structures • Interior elements • Panel systems and cubicles • Elevator cab framing • Light housings & grids • Demountable interior walls • Railing systems • Decorative screens • And more… While aluminum extrusions are often a predetermined element in a building product, custom shapes can peak the imagination of designers and architects …

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Introduction Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions

2014 Public Safety Building Salt Lake City, UT Entrance canopy with solar panels • net-zero designation • LEED Platinum rating, • ;

2014 Anaheim Regional Transportation Center Anaheim, CA

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Photos: SLC: Wausau Window & Wall Systems, Wayne Gillman Photography

Introduction Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions Custom “reedlike” aluminum extrusions shade direct sunlight on the West façade of the Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building in Portland, OR in this 2013 renovation of a 1974 structure. Vegetation is being trained to grow on the “reeds” for additional shading • •

Expected LEED Platinum designation Recipient of 2014 AIA COTE award for Top Ten Green Projects

Architects: SERA/Cutler Anderson Façade: Benson Industries Photos: Nic Lehoux

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Introduction Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions

Ball-noges studio used milled extrusions to create a decorative screen allowing varied views into this LA ball field

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Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda •

An Overview - Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion - The Extrusion Process

•

Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing)

• Additional Resources

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Overview Aluminum Extrusion combines: • a material with outstanding physical characteristics • a process that is incredibly versatile, capable of converting ideas to reality quickly and inexpensively, creating near-net shapes for complex forms, with close tolerances Together, the metal and the process optimize component and product designs!

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Overview Advantages of Aluminum

Advantages of Extrusion

• Lightweight

• Tailored performance – put metal where

• Strong

it is needed

• High Strength-to-Weight Ratio • Resilient • Corrosion-Resistant • Heat Conductive

• Suitable for complex, integral shapes, produced to close tolerances • Attractive, wide range of finishes

• Reflective

• Virtually seamless

• Electrically Conductive

• Easy to fabricate

• Non-Magnetic

• Joinable by various methods

• Non-Sparking • Non-Combustible • Cold Strength • Fully Recyclable

• Suitable for easy-assembly designs • Produced with uniform quality • Cost Effective • Short production lead times 16

Overview – the material Strong, with high Strength-to-Weight Appropriately alloyed and tempered, aluminum is stronger than some steels, with ultimate tensile strengths as high as 80,000 psi to 90,000 psi or more.

The standard aluminum frame for the 2014 Corvette C7 is over 90 pounds lighter, yet 60% stiffer than the previous steel frame

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Overview – the material Corrosion-Resistant

Cold Strength

Aluminum develops its own inert aluminum oxide film, which is selfprotective, blocking further oxidation.

•

•

Aluminum is not impaired by cold, gaining strength and ductility as temperatures are reduced; a preferred metal for cryogenic (low-temperature) applications. Steel and plastics get brittle when the temperature drops… aluminum gets stronger and tougher!

18 Photo: ©Action Graphics, Inc.

Overview – the material Electrically Conductive

Heat Conductive

Volume for volume, aluminum carries electricity about 62% as well as copper. On a weight basis, aluminum can be twice as conductive as copper, and aluminum is often the most economical choice.

Conducts – and dissipates - heat better than any other common metal on both a weight and cost basis.

100 80 60 40 20 0

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Overview – the material Sustainable & Fully Recyclable • Can be recycled over and over without degradation of its innate properties • Recycling requires only 8% of the energy necessary to produce virgin aluminum • Extrusions can contain as much as 80%, recycled content. • In 2014, North American extruders will utilize > 2.5 Billion pounds of scrap!

Extrusion Feedstock in 2010 contained 53% scrap prime post-ind'l scrap

29%

process scrap post-consumer

47%

19% 5% Source: Aluminum Association Life Cycle Assessment of Semi-Finished Aluminum Products in North America, Dec. 2013

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Overview – the process The Extrusion Process

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Overview – the process The Extrusion Process

Steel die and supporting tooling

Desired final “profile” or shape

Feedstock: heated aluminum alloy “billet” 22 Source: Rio Tinto Alcan

Overview – the process The Extrusion Process - how are HOLLOW Shapes Extruded? The PlayDoh flows through the opening between the part of the die that forms the outside diameter and the inside “mandrel” supported by two horizontal supports.

The PlayDoh SEPARATES into two tube halves and “welds” back together due to the pressure needed to make it flow through the annular opening into a tube shape.

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Overview – the process Suitable for Complex, Integral Shapes

Produced to Close Tolerances

• Shapes can combine functions that would otherwise require the production and joining full extruded lengths are routine and the of several different parts, reducing part ability of aluminum extruders to meet even counts and costs. more critical dimensions is keeping pace with advances in technology.

• The ability to hold tight tolerances over the

Welds

Steel part – multiple pieces

Local thickening Screw bosses

Extrusion – 1 piece 24

Overview – the process Accepting a Wide Range of Finishes

Simplified Fabrication & Assembly

Aluminum extrusions accept a great variety of finishes, colors and textures (anodize, alodine, wet or powder paint, applique, etc.)

• Creative Design with aluminum extrusions

can eliminate fabrication and assembly steps •.Parts can be easily cut, machined, finished, bent, welded, fabricated and assembled.

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Overview – the process Cost-effective

Time-effective

• The diversity of shapes permitted by the extrusion process cuts down or eliminates many machining and joining operations.

• Extrusion’s short lead times facilitate design iteration and the use of custom shapes to create an effective design solution

• Tooling costs are modest in comparison with other processes.

Process

Typical Part Tooling Cost ($)

Aluminum Extrusion

$500 to $5000

Stampings

$5000 and up

Injection Molding

$25,000 and up

Die Castings

$25,000 and up

Roll Forming

$30,000 and up

Typical Tooling Lead Time (weeks) 20 16 12 8 4 0

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Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda •

An Overview - Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion - The Extrusion Process

•

Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing)

• Additional Resources

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Key Design Variables The combination of Alloy, Geometry (shape), & Fabrication allows… • The optimization of component

performance • Inexpensive incorporation of functional details that simplify assemble, reduce part counts, and enhance utility

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Key Design Variables Practical Considerations: Aluminum extrusions offer outstanding design flexibility … but there are some limitations

Availability of various profile circle size / area / weight combinations Circumscribed Circle Size in inches Cross Section Area in sq inches 10

14

Corresponding Profile weight (lbs/ft)

Max 0.06

-

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Key Design Variables - Alloys/Tempers Aluminum extrusions can be produced in different alloys and processed to different tempers to achieve desired mechanical properties. Alloy

Major Alloying Elements and Alloy Characteristics

1000 Series

Minimum 99% Aluminum High corrosion resistance. Excellent finishability. Easily joined by all methods. Low strength, poor machinability. Excellent workability. High electrical conductivity.

2000 Series

Copper High strength. Relatively low corrosion resistance. Excellent machinability. Heat treatable.

3000 Series

Manganese Low to medium strength. Good corrosion resistance. Poor machinability. Good workability.

4000 Series

Silicon Not available as extruded products

5000 Series

Magnesium Low to moderate strength. Excellent marine corrosion resistance. Very good weldability.

6000 Series

Magnesium & Silicon Most popular extrusion alloy class. Good strength. Good corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Good weldability. Good formability. Heat treatable.

7000 Series

Zinc Very high strength. Poor corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Heat treatable.

Broadest applicability

Typical Extrusion Tempers

Description

F

Extruded and air cooled

O

Fully annealed

H112

Strain-hardened; used for nonheat-treatable alloys

T1

Cooled from an elevated temperature/naturally aged

T4

Solution heat-treated and naturally aged

T5

Cooled from an elevated temperature/artificially aged

T6

Solution heat-treated and artificially aged

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Key Design Variables - Alloys As of March, 2014, there were 513 Alloys Registered with the Aluminum Association. This does NOT include proprietary alloy variants. 1xxx

40

2xxx

89

3xxx

4xxx

41

33

5xxx

97

6xxx

96

7xxx

8xxx

79

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© 2014 Rio Tinto Alcan. All Rights Reserved

Key Design Variables - Alloys Trace amounts matter! Typical Alloy Composition

6063

6061

7004

Silicon (Si) Magnesium (Mg) Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Manganese (Mn) Chromium (Cr) Zinc (Zn)

0.40% 0.70% 0.18% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05%

0.60% 1.00% 0.35% 0.28% 0.05% 0.10%

0.13% 1.50% 0.18% 0.05% 0.45% 0.05% 4.20%

Total Alloying Elements

1.43%

2.38%

6.56%

% Aluminum

98.57

97.62

93.44

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Key Design Variables - Alloys Any one alloy can have a variety of formulae e.g.: 6XXX alloy series

Increasing strength Typical Applications

1.3 1.2

Auto Intrusion Beams Auto Chassis/Structural

1.1

6082

1.0 0.9 0.8

Auto Chassis/Structural Solar racking systems Structural Architectural

6005A

0.7

6061

0.6

% Si

0.5

6060

0.4

Trim components Heat sinks Electronics housings Window/Façade systems

6063

0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

% Mg

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2 33

Key Design Variables - Alloys Commonly Used Alloys

Excellent for less structural / decorative applications

Typical for structural applications 34

Key Design Variables - Alloys Extrudability, i.e. Conversion Cost, will vary with chemistry 90

Tensile Yield

Strength** (ksi)

80

7075

70 60 7020

Mild steel

6082*

50

6005A*

40

6060/63*

Mild steel

30 20

3003 Al 99.5

10 0 0

50

100

Extrudability index

150

Conversion cost * T6, except 6005A @ T61 **typical properties Source: Rio Tinto Alcan

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Key Design Variables - Alloys Yield Strength (min)

Surface Quality

Bending

Machining (based on chips, finish)

Joining

Extrudability/ Processing/ Cost

6060/63

25 ksi

Excellent finish & corrosion resistance

Good in T6, VG in T1/T4

C

B

100 - Superior extrudability, easy quench

6005A

38 ksi

Superior corrosion resistance

Good in T6, VG in T1/T4

C: continuous chip, good finish

C

95 - Superior extrudability & quench vs. 6061/6082

6061

38 ksi

Good corrosion resistance

Manageable in T6511, VG in T1/T4

C

B

80 - Good extrudability, quench demanding

6082

38 ksi

Good corrosion resistance

Manageable in T6511

C

B

80 – Good extrudability, very quench demanding

7005

44 ksi

Zn precludes good anodize Stress corrosion

Acceptable in T53

B : curled chip, goodexc. finish

D

50 - ½ speed; quench, special ageing

Source: Rio Tinto Alcan

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Key Design Variables - Alloys Alloy selection can make this shape extremely challenging … or relatively straight forward

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Key Design Variables - Alloys There is usually more than one “right” answer

(Launched 2009)

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Lotus used profile geometry to offset a lower strength alloy

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Key Design Variables - Geometry The Language of Geometry: Shape Classifications (per Aluminum Association) Hollows

Solids

Semi-hollow

Class I

Class I

Class II

(Balanced round int. > 1”)

(< 5”, > 0.11”)

Class II

Class III

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Key Design Variables - Geometry General Good Design Practices • Balance walls • Avoid/minimize hollows • Generous tapers

• Practice symmetry/minimize asymmetrical detail • Use grooves, webs, and ribs • Minimize perimeter/cross-section ratio

Uniformity

Symmetry

Not this!

This!

Not this!

This! Not this! Enhance visual surfaces

Smooth Transitions

Not this!

This!

This!

Not this!

This! Not this!

This!

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Extrusion Design Hint Where possible, maintain consistent wall thickness

This!

Not this!

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Extrusion Design Hint Screw slots are often simple to incorporate in the profile, with slots often eliminating the need for a more expensive hollow die (which also extrudes more slowly, further increasing costs)

This!

Not this!

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Extrusion Design Hint Where possible, re-design the profile to reduce cost (e.g. single void hollow die with smoothed transitions vs. multiple void hollow die)

This!

Not this!

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Complexity can be your friend For example, sometimes a “complex hollow die” will yield a superior solution. E.g.: LED light mount/heat sink

2 1

SOLID

5 7

3

4

6

HOLLOW 45

Key Design Variables - Geometry Designing in functionality Specific features can be designed into your extrusion to: • enhance joining to other extrusions or Hinge detail other materials • Facilitate assembly Patterned surface for • Provide added functionality, e.g. appearance heat dissipation • Enhance aesthetics, \etc.

“Christmas tree” for joining with wood or plastic

Screw boss on leg Groove to accept printed circuit cards Groove for screw or rivet

“Heat sink” cooling fin

Groove for rubber moulding

Snap fit spring assembly

Drill groove Dovetail assembly Groove to accept printed circuit cards

Slot for location of nut or bolthead

Screw boss Fluted surface for appearance

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Key Design Variables - Geometry Designing in functionality – design for thermal management as well Unbroken aluminum frame

Aluminum frame with thermal barrier

Thermal barriers

Outside 0°F

Inside 70°F

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Key Design Variables - Geometry What about Structure? Where Aluminum Structures Make Sense Members with complex cross sections Long clear spans Portable or moving structures Retrofitting existing structures

Source: TGB Partnership

Structures in cryogenic environments Structures in corrosive environments Structures in seismically active environments

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Key Design Variables - Structural Design 2010 Aluminum Design Manual • Now issued every 5 years • Latest edition is ADM 2010 • Previous editions in 2005, 2000 • 1st edition (1994) was compilation of several AA pubs previously issued separately; most importantly, the Specification for Aluminum Structures (SAS) • SAS – also called “the Aluminum Specification” -- is Part I of the ADM • Chapter 20 of the IBC requires compliance with the SAS • It’s the source of all aluminum structural design requirements in the US

Source: TGB Partnership

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Key Design Variables - Structural Design Aluminum Design Manual 2010 (ADM) A major rewrite; a unified Specification with: – Allowable Strength Design - for buildings and bridges – Load and Resistance Factor Design - for buildings only - Load factors from ASCE 7 • General Provisions

The ADM format is similar to that of the AISC steel manual

• Design Requirements • Design for Stability • Design of Members for Tension • Design of Members for Compression • Design of Members for Flexure • Design of Members for Shear • Design of Members for Combined Forces and Torsion • Design of Connections • Design for Serviceability

Appendix Testing Design for Fatigue Design for Fire Conditions Evaluation of Existing Structures Design of Braces for Columns and Beams New in 2010

• Fabrication and Erection 50

Source: TGB Partnership

Key Design Variables - Structural Design E.g.: Axial Compression

The local buckling mode is shown to the right. Note, that there is no translation at the folds, only rotation. The load factor is 0.10, so elastic critical local buckling (Pcrl) occurs at 0.10Py in this member.

51 Source: TGB Partnership

Key Design Variables - Fabrication Fabrication & Assembly Extrusions can be machined, formed and assembled with a wide variety of familiar technologies. Yet some processes – particularly bending and welding – benefit from prior extrusion fabrication experience

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Key Design Variables - Fabrication Fabrication • Sawing

• Punching/piercing/drilling • Machining • Bending • Welding • Milling • Tumbling

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Key Design Variables - Fabrication Example: Aftermarket LED light bar (automotive)

Aftermarket Light Bar

Extrude

• •

Quench

6360 Stretch bent in T4 over a form

Stretch r=99”

Bend Temper

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Key Design Variables - Finishing

•

Anodizing: an electrochemical process that converts the aluminum surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic aluminum oxide finish.

• Painting: a variety of liquid or power resin formulations typically applied electrostatically in either horizontal or vertical paint lines. Courtesy of PFOnline.com

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Key Design Variables - Finishing Anodizing has significant benefits … •

Durability. Most anodized products have an extremely long life span and offer significant economic advantages through maintenance and operating savings.

•

Ease of Maintenance. Scars and wear from general use (fabrication, handling, installation, frequent surface cleaning) are virtually nonexistent. Rinsing or mild soap-and-water cleaning usually will restore an anodized surface to its original appearance. Mild abrasive cleaners can be used for more difficult deposits.

•

Color Stability. Exterior anodic coatings provide good stability to ultraviolet rays, do not chip or peel, and are easily repeatable.

… but limited aesthetic options Photos: the Aluminum Anodizers Council

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Key Design Variables - Finishing Paint offers limitless colors, with a variety of specifications AAMA Paint (Liquid & Powder) Specifications for Aluminum Extrusion SPECIFICATIONS:

AAMA 2603*

Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

AAMA 2604*

AAMA 2605*

Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

Suggested Uses

Residential, All Interior Applications

Commercial/Industrial, Highend Residential, High Traffic areas

High performance, Architectural and Monumental Applications

South Florida Exposure

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

Color Retention Chalk Resistance

1 Year - Fade 1 Year – Chalk

5 yrs. – Fade = 5 Delta E 5 yrs. – Chalk = 8

10 yrs. – Fade = 5 Delta E 10 yrs. – Chalk = 8 (colors) 10 yrs. – Chalk = 6 (whites)

Gloss Retention Erosion Resistance Dry Film Thickness Pretreatment System

No Specification No Specification 0.80 mils minimum Chrome and Chrome Free

5 yrs. – 30% Retention 5 yrs. – 10% Loss 1.20 mils minimum Chrome and Chrome Free

10 yrs. – 50% Retention 10 yrs. – 10% Loss 1.20 mils minimum (2-coats) Chrome = 40mg/sq. ft.

Salt Spray

1,500 Hours

3,000 Hours

4,000 Hours

Humidity

1,500 Hours

3,000 Hours

4,000 Hours

Color Uniformity

Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples

Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples

Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples

Accelerated Testing

Source: AAMA

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Conclusion Custom aluminum extrusions can provide a distinctive element for your next project • They are lightweight, strong, corrosion resistant, fully recyclable . . . a sustainable material. • Fully using the variables of • Alloy • Geometry • Fabrication … & finishing allows the creation of signature functional and aesthetic elements • Sustainable aluminum extrusions contribute positively to LCA and LEED material requirements.

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Additional Resources For more Information • Utilize the Aluminum Extruders Council website (aec.org) for webinars or other key information • • • • •

Find an Extruder search Extrusion Applications Extrusion Design Resources Sustainability Info And more!

About AEC: The Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC) is an international trade association dedicated to advancing the effective use of aluminum extrusion in North America. AEC is committed to bringing comprehensive information about extrusion's characteristics, applications, environmental benefits, design and technology to users, product designers, engineers and the academic community. Further, AEC is focused on enhancing the ability of its members to meet the emerging demands of the market through sharing knowledge and best practices.

AEC Buyers’ Guide (www.AECguide.org)

AEC Aluminum Extrusion Manual (www.AECmanual.org) 59

Additional Resources Engage an experienced extruder early on! • Capitalize on years of extrusion design experience • Ensure that you have realistic cost expectations • Understand the inevitable tolerance trade-offs

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Thanks to Our Presenting Sponsor … www.sapagroup.com/NA

… and to all the members of AEC ABC Aluminium Solutions Aerolite Extrusion Company Akzo Nobel Coatings Inc. Albarrie Canada Limited Alcoa Forgings and Extrusions Alcoa Primary Metals Alexandria Industries Alexin LLC Almag Aluminum Inc. Almex USA, Inc. Al-Taiseer Aluminium Factory Aluminio de Centro America Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C, Aluminium Products Co. Ltd. AMCOL Corporation APEL Extrusions Limited Apex Aluminum Extrusions Ltd. Arabian Extrusions Factory Astro Shapes Inc. A.t.i.e. uno Informatica SrL Azon USA Inc. BCI Surface Technologies Belco Industries Inc. Bonnell Aluminum Bowers Manufacturing Briteline Extrusions, Inc. Butech Bliss Cardinal Aluminum Co. CASTOOL Tooling Systems Cometal Engineering S.p.A. Compes International

Crown Extrusions Inc. Crystal Finishing Systems Inc. Custom Aluminum Products Inc. Dajcor Aluminum Ltd. Danieli Corporation Dienamex Drache USA Inc. Dubai Aluminium Co. Ltd. Emmebi ETS-Exco Tooling Solutions EXCO Extrudex Aluminum Ltd. Foy Inc. Frontier Aluminum Corp. Futura Industries Corp. Gateway Extrusions Ltd. General Extrusions Inc. Glencore Ltd. Granco Clark Inc. Gulf Extrusions Company LLC Houghton Metal Finishing Company Hulamin Extrusions Hydro Aluminum North America Inc. ILSCO Extrusions Inc. iNOEX LLC International Extrusions Jordan Aluminum Extrusions, LLC Kennametal Extrude Hone Corp. Keymark Aluminum Corporation Light Metals Corporation Magnode Corporation

Marx GmbH & Co. KG Matalco Inc. M-D Building Products Metal Exchange Corporation Metra Aluminum Inc. MI Metals Inc. Mid South Extrusion Die Co. Mid-States Aluminum Corp. Nanshan America Co. National Aluminium Ltd. Nizi International (U.S.) Inc. Noranda Aluminum Inc. Non-ferrous Extrusion Ohio Valley Aluminum Co. LLC OMAV S.p.A. PanAsia Aluminium Limited Peerless of America Inc. Penn Aluminum International Inc. Pennex Aluminum Company Postle Extrusion PPG Industries Inc. Presezzi Extrusion North America Pries Enterprises Inc. Profile Extrusion Co. Republic Chemical Co., Inc. Reliant Aluminum Products LLC Richardson Metals Rio Tinto Aluminum Division R.L. Best Company Sapa Extrusions Service Center Metals

Sierra Aluminum Silver City Aluminum Corp. SMS Meer Service Inc. Southeastern Extrusion & Tool, Inc. Spectra Aluminum Products Ltd. Spectrum Metal Finishing Inc. Superior Extrusion Inc. Taber Extrusions LLC Technoform Tecnoglass S.A. Tellkamp Systems Inc. Thumb Tool & Engineering Tower Extrusions, LLC Tri City Extrusion Inc. Tubelite Inc. Turla S.r.L. Ube Machinery Inc. Valspar Corporation Vidrieria 28 de Julio S.a.C. Vitex Extrusion Wagstaff Inc. Walgren Company WEFA Cedar Inc. Werner Co. Werner Extrusion Solutions, LLC Western Extrusions Corp. Whitehall Industries YKK AP America Inc. Youngstown Tool & Die Co. Inc.

To find an extruder: go to aec.org and choose “Find a Member”

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Questions? Answering your questions:

www.sapagroup.com/NA

Scott Condreay Architectural Engineering Manager Sapa Extrusions North America [email protected]

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Proper Use of the Presented Information The Aluminum Association (AA), Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC), the authors and contributors of this overview provide information and resources about aluminum products and aluminum-related technology as a service to interested parties. Such information is generally intended for users with a technical background and may be inappropriate for use by lay persons. This presentation does NOT attempt to thoroughly discuss all load types, materials, profiles, design requirements, etc. The purpose is to provide an overview of topics/issues to consider when utilizing aluminum extrusions for designs Full understanding and adherence to the Aluminum Design Manual (Aluminum Association 2010) and all documents referenced by it is required for proper design

In all cases, users should not rely on this information without consulting original source material and/or undertaking a thorough scientific analysis with respect to their particular circumstances. Information presented here does not replace the independent judgment of the user or of the user’s company and/or employer. AA AND AEC EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE. AA AND AEC FURTHER DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR MISUSE OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE OMISSION OF ANY INFORMATION.

Photos, Illustrations, Graphics used in this PowerPoint , unless otherwise noted are courtesy of: Aluminimm Centrum, Aluminum Anodizers Council, Akzo Nobel Coatings Inc./Bill Hanusek, CST Covers, Eduard Hueber, Gossamer Innovations, Hydro Aluminum North America Inc., Light Metal Age Magazine, MAADI Group, SAPA Extrusions, Schuco International, Scott Norsworthy, Skylne Solar, Werner Co., Werner Extrusion Solutions, LLC

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