LESSON 11 TEACHER’S GUIDE

Coral Reefs by Erin Spencer

Fountas-Pinnell Level H Informational Text Selection Summary Many fascinating plants and animals live in underwater habitats called coral reefs. Because these reefs grow in shallow water, the water is warm and a rich source of food for many kinds of fish. Readers are introduced to some of the most colorful fish in the world. Within the coral, they can hide from the dangers lurking in the ocean.

Number of Words: 203

Characteristics of the Text Genre Text Structure Content Themes and Ideas

Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features

• Informational Text • Descriptive information • Third person narrative • Characteristics of coral reefs • Variety of animals and plants living in coral reefs • Coral reefs are amazing underwater habitats. • Coral reefs are excellent places for plants and animals to find food and live. • People must work to preserve coral reefs. • Simple, clear language • Description but no figurative use of language • Some complex sentences: One fish is called a yellow butterfly fish, but it can’t fly! • Multiple adjectives: warm, shallow water • Technical vocabulary related to coral reefs and plants and animals living in the reefs: butterfly fish, hard skeleton, soft body, clownfish, lionfish • Mostly one and two syllable words supported by the text: animals, fish, shallow, danger • High-frequency words: live, their, water • Photographs support and extend text. • Nine pages of text, photographs on every page; labels on most photos • Three to six lines of text on a page • All sentences begin on left; many two-line sentences • Labeled diagram of coral

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida 32819. Printed in the U.S.A. 978-0-547-29979-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0940 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

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Coral Reefs

by Erin Spencer

Build Background Help children use their knowledge of things that live in the sea to think about the book. Help them anticipate the text with a question like: What kinds of things can you think of that live in the sea?

Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Explain that this book tells about places underwater called coral reefs. Suggested language: Turn to page 2 and look at the picture. The first sentence reads: Many plants and animals live in the ocean. Say the word live. What letter would you expect to see first in live? Find the word live and put your finger under it. What are some plants and animals you know that live in the ocean? Page 3: Explain that some pictures in the book have labels to name things. The label in this picture says: coral reef. Coral reefs grow in warm shallow water, or water that isn’t deep or cold. How does the photo help you understand what a coral reef is? Pages 4–5: Remind children that information in the pictures can help them read. On page 4 you can see a close-up picture of coral. Tell what you see. How does the diagram on page 5 help you understand what coral is? Page 6: Turn to page 6 and look at the picture. The label says these fish are called clownfish. Put your finger under the label clownfish. Say the word clownfish. What are the two smaller words in the word clownfish? Why might this fish have been given this name? Now go back to the beginning and read to find out all about coral reefs.

Words to Know grow

live

Grade 1

many

their 2

warm

water Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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Read

As the children read, observe them carefully. Guide them as needed, using language that supports their problem solving ability.

Respond to the Text Personal Response

Ask children to share their personal responses to the book. Begin by asking what they liked best about the book, or what they found most interesting. Suggested language: Would you like to visit a coral reef? Why or why not?

Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help children understand these teaching points: Thinking Within the Text

Thinking Beyond the Text

Thinking About the Text

• Many plants and animals live in the ocean.

• Coral reefs are amazing habitats.

• The color photographs reflect the sensory details described in the text.

• Coral reefs grow in the ocean and many animals and plants live in them.

• People need to work at preserving coral reefs or they may disappear.

• The use of labels helps readers learn the names of plants and animals in the sea. • The writer’s purpose is to inform readers about the wealth of life living in coral reefs.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Support Fluency Ask children to choose a page of the book to read aloud. Remind them to pay attention to phrasing. By breaking each sentence into natural phrases, readers reflect the meaning of the sentence.

Phonemic Awareness and Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and sounds, using one of the following activities: • Compound Words Materials: whiteboards, markers. Write these compound words from the story on the board: clownfish, butterfly, lionfish, frogfish. On their whiteboards, have children write the two words that make up each compound word. • Ending Sounds Say each of the following words one at a time: plant, coral, find, warm, water, deep. Have children repeat each word, and then say the ending sound.

Grade 1

3

Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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Writing About Reading Critical Thinking Read the directions for children on BLM 11.7 and guide them in answering the questions.

Responding Read aloud the questions at the back of the book and help children complete the activities.

Target Comprehension Skill Author’s Purpose Explain to children that they can think about the author’s purpose by finding details in a book that show why the author writes a book. Model how to think about the author’s purpose: Think Aloud

Thinking about why the author wrote this book will help me learn about coral reefs. The author wants me to know about things that live in coral reefs. On page 3 I see a picture of coral reefs. The description on the page gives details about these places. Here’s one. Coral reefs grow in shallow water. This is water that is not deep. Here’s another detail: This water is warm. These details help me learn about coral reefs.

Practice the Skill Have children choose another book and tell the author’s purpose for writing it.

Writing Prompt Read aloud the following prompt. Have children write their response, using the writing prompt on page 6. Why do people have to work hard to keep coral reefs safe? What would happen if they disappeared? Write a paragraph. Tell what you learned from reading the book.

Grade 1

4

Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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English Language Learners Reading Support In Introduce the Text (p.2), use pictures, concrete objects, or

demonstrations that will help children understand the concepts and ideas in the text. Don’t ask children to read any text they will not understand.

Oral Language Development Check the children’s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your children’s English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child. Beginning/ Early Intermediate

Intermediate

Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What do you see on the cover?

Speaker 1: What lives in coral reefs?

Speaker 1: What is coral?

Speaker 2: plants and animals

Speaker 2: It’s an animal.

Speaker 1: Why do animals live there?

Speaker 1: Why do fish like to live in coral reefs?

Speaker 2: two yellow fish Speaker 1: What is this book about? Speaker 2: coral reefs

Speaker 2: It’s easy to find food in warm, shallow water.

Speaker 2: They can hide from danger and it’s easy to find food.

Speaker 1: Where are coral reefs? Speaker 2: in the ocean

Lesson 11 BLACKLINE MASTER 11.7

Name

Think About It

Coral Reefs Think About It

Write the word that completes each sentence.

1. A coral is a small rock

animal

animal

.

plant

2. Coral reefs need help because they are

dying dying

.

growing

spreading

Making Connections Think of a fish with a name such as lionfish that might live in a coral reef. Draw a picture of your new fish. Label your picture.

Read directions to children. Think About It © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Grade 1

5

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Grade 1, Unit 3: Nature Near and Far

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Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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Name

Date

Coral Reefs Why do people have to work hard to keep coral reefs safe? What would happen if they disappeared? Write a paragraph. Tell what you learned from reading the book.

Grade 1

6

Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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Lesson 11 BLACKLINE MASTER 11.7

Name

Think About It

Coral Reefs Think About It

Write the word that completes each sentence.

1. A coral is a small rock

.

animal

plant

2. Coral reefs need help because they are . dying

growing

spreading

Making Connections Think of a fish with a name such as lionfish that might live in a coral reef. Draw a picture of your new fish. Label your picture.

Grade 1

7

Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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Student

Lesson 11

Date

BLACKLINE MASTER 11.12

Coral Reefs • LEVEL H page

2

Coral Reefs Running Record Form

Selection Text

Errors

Self-Corrections

Accuracy Rate

Self-Correction Rate

Many plants and animals live in the ocean. Some plants live in coral reefs. Many different animals live in coral reefs, too.

3

Coral reefs grow in water that is not deep. This water is warm. It is easy for animals to find food in warm water.

4

This is a coral polyp, many thousands of which make corals.

Comments:

(# words read correctly/57 × 100)

(# errors + # Self-Corrections/ Self-Corrections)

% 1:

Read word correctly

Code ✓

cat

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®

Omission

— cat

cat

Grade 1

Behavior

Error 0 0 1

Substitution

Code cut cat

1

Self-corrects

cut sc cat

0

Insertion

the

1

Word told

T cat

8

cat



Error

1413313

Behavior

1

Lesson 11: Coral Reefs

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OVER MATTER

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