Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
Bacteria to Plants: Chapter 3: Protists and Fungi
Study Guide
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Please use capital letters: A, B, C, or D. ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1. What characteristic do all algae share? a. They are autotrophs. b. They are unicellular. c. They are multicellular. d. They live in colonies. 2. Like animals, animal-like protists are a. autotrophs. b. heterotrophs. c. unicellular. d. prokaryotes. 3. Which structures allow sarcodines such as amoebas to move? a. cilia b. contractile vacuoles c. flagella d. pseudopods 4. What do fungi have in common with funguslike protists? a. They are autotrophs. b. They are prokaryotes. c. They don’t have cell walls. d. They produce spores. 5. What might cause red tides? a. increase in nutrients in the water b. decrease in ocean temperature c. increase in oxygen in the water d. decrease in plant life in the water 6. A fungus that is a parasite might feed on a. a person’s skin. b. a dead tree. c. bread. d. wet bathroom tiles. 7. How are funguslike protists similar to fungi? a. They are unable to move. b. They are autotrophs. c. They use spores to reproduce. d. They do not have cell walls. 8. What factor will NOT increase the rate of eutrophication in freshwater? a. farm fertilizer runoff b. leaks from sewage treatment plants c. lawn fertilizer runoff d. eliminating sources of excess nutrients
1
ID: A
Name: ________________________ ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
ID: A
9. The threadlike structures that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi are called a. hyphae. b. nuclei. c. mold. d. cell walls. 10. In general, algal blooms occur when a. the weather is stormy. b. toxins accumulate in shellfish. c. nutrients decrease in the water. d. nutrients increase in the water. 11. What bacteria-killing fungus did Fleming isolate in his 1928 experiment? a. Rhizopus b. corn smut c. wheat rust d. Penicillium 12. What animal-like characteristic do euglenoids have? a. They have a flagellum. b. They can sometimes be heterotrophs. c. They have light-sensitive pigments. d. They are autotrophs. 13. Which statement does NOT describe eutrophication in a pond or lake? a. a process of gradual change b. a buildup of nutrients c. an increase in the amount of oxygen d. an increase in the amount of surface algae 14. Where would fungi NOT likely thrive? a. forest floor b. wet bathroom tiles c. damp tree bark d. desert 15. What a multicellular fungus looks like depends on how a. it obtains food. b. it reproduces. c. its gills are arranged. d. its hyphae are arranged. 16. What type of reproduction produces fungi that are different from either parent? a. budding b. asexual reproduction c. sexual reproduction d. dividing 17. The spores that funguslike protists produce a. grow into new organisms. b. produce slime on which the protist can move. c. break down food for the protist. d. form pseudopods.
2
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 18. The chemicals that ooze from a fungus’ hyphae into its food source a. absorb the food. b. break down the food. c. harden the food. d. nourish the food source. ____ 19. What characteristic do fungi share? a. They are all prokaryotes. b. They are all eukaryotes. c. They are all autotrophs. d. They are all multicellular. ____ 20. What do fungi have in common with animals? a. They are autotrophs. b. They are heterotrophs. c. They have cell walls. d. They use spores to reproduce. ____ 21. When are red tides dangerous to humans? a. when the oceans become warmer b. when algae cause the fish population to increase c. when nutrients increase d. when algae toxins accumulate in shellfish ____ 22. A fungus–plant root association is an example of a. an independent relationship. b. symbiotic mutualism. c. a decomposing relationship. d. disease fighting. ____ 23. What do yeast cells use as a food source in breadmaking and winemaking? a. sugar b. salt c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol ____ 24. Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism? a. two paramecia exchanging genetic material b. the zooflagellate Giardia reproducing in a human c. the sporozoan Plasmodium feeding on a human cell d. a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite’s intestine ____ 25. Fungi that decompose dead organisms a. can cause serious disease in plants. b. live in symbiosis with other organisms. c. return important nutrients to the soil. d. are often called pioneer organisms. ____ 26. Club fungi are named for a. their food source. b. their movement. c. where they live. d. the appearance of their reproductive structures.
3
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 27. A puffball fungus is a type of a. threadlike fungus. b. sac fungus. c. club fungus. d. imperfect fungus. ____ 28. An algal bloom is the rapid growth of a population of a. fungi. b. algae. c. protists. d. fungus-like protists. ____ 29. Which of the following is a zygote fungus? a. Rhizopus bread mold b. yeast c. puffball d. mushroom ____ 30. What characteristic do the cells of colonial algae and multicellular organisms share? a. They have flagella. b. They are specialized to do certain tasks. c. They grow spore-producing structures. d. They are prokaryotic cells. Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 31. A(n) ____________________ consists of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship. 32. ____________________ are often caused by algae that contain red pigments, which turn the water a red color. 33. The bodies of multicellular fungi are made up of branching, threadlike tubes called ____________________. 34. One of the characteristics of fungi is that they use ____________________ to reproduce. 35. All funguslike protists are able to ____________________ at some point in their lives. 36. Yeast cells undergo a form of asexual reproduction called ____________________. 37. Red tides are dangerous when ____________________ produced by the algae become concentrated in the bodies of organisms that eat the algae. 38. Fungi that break down the chemicals of living host organisms are examples of ____________________. 39. Wine is made by allowing yeast cells to turn the sugar in grapes into carbon dioxide and ____________________. 40. The rapid growth of a population of algae in either a freshwater or saltwater environment is called a(n) ____________________. 41. The antibiotic ____________________ resulted from the work of Alexander Fleming, who noticed that bacteria did not grow near a spot of mold in a petri dish.
4
Name: ________________________
ID: A
42. Slime molds are one type of ____________________ protist. 43. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are examples of plantlike protists, which are commonly called ____________________. 44. The fungus Penicillium produces a(n) ____________________ that saves peoples’ lives by killing bacteria. 45. Algal blooms usually occur when nutrients increase in the ____________________. 46. An amoeba moves and feeds by forming temporary bulges of the cell membrane called ____________________. 47. Certain human activities that add nutrients to lakes and ponds can increase the rate of ____________________, leading to a rapid increase in algae growth. 48. Fungi break down food by releasing _________________________ from the tips of their hyphae. 49. Fungi produce lightweight spores that are surrounded by a(n) _________________________. 50. In ____________________ reproduction in fungi, the hyphae of two organisms join, exchange genetic material, and then produce spores.
5
ID: A
Bacteria to Plants: Chapter 3: Protists and Fungi Answer Section
Study Guide
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: STO: 2. ANS: STO: 3. ANS: STO: 4. ANS: OBJ: 5. ANS: STO: 6. ANS: STO: 7. ANS: STO: 8. ANS: STO: 9. ANS: STO: 10. ANS: STO: 11. ANS: STO: 12. ANS: STO: 13. ANS: STO: 14. ANS: STO: 15. ANS: STO: 16. ANS: STO: 17. ANS: STO: 18. ANS: STO: 19. ANS: STO: 20. ANS: STO:
A DIF: 3.1.6.E.b B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b D DIF: 3.1.6.E.b D DIF: A.3.3.1, A.3.1.3 A DIF: 4.1.8.D.a A DIF: 3.1.6.E.b C DIF: 3.1.6.E.b D DIF: 4.1.8.D.a A DIF: 3.1.6.E.b D DIF: 4.1.8.D.a D DIF: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b C DIF: 4.1.8.D.a D DIF: 3.1.6.E.b D DIF: 3.1.6.E.b C DIF: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b A DIF: 3.1.6.E.b B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b
L1
REF: p. A-79
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L1
REF: p. A-75
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L1
REF: p. A-76
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L2 L1
REF: p. A-82, p. A-88 STO: 3.1.6.E.b REF: p. A-85 OBJ: A.3.2.1
L3
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L1
REF: p. A-82
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L3
REF: p. A-86
OBJ: A.3.2.2
L1
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L1
REF: p. A-84
OBJ: A.3.2.1
L2
REF: p. A-93
OBJ: A.3.3.3
L1
REF: p. A-80
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L3
REF: p. A-86
OBJ: A.3.2.2
L3
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L1
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L3
REF: p. A-90
OBJ: A.3.3.2
L2
REF: p. A-82
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L3
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L1
REF: p. A-88
OBJ: A.3.3.1
L3
REF: p. A-88
OBJ: A.3.3.1
1
ID: A 21. ANS: STO: 22. ANS: STO: 23. ANS: STO: 24. ANS: STO: 25. ANS: STO: 26. ANS: STO: 27. ANS: STO: 28. ANS: STO: 29. ANS: STO: 30. ANS: STO:
D DIF: 4.1.8.D.a B DIF: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a A DIF: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a D DIF: 3.1.6.E.b C DIF: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a D DIF: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b C DIF: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b B DIF: 4.1.8.D.a A DIF: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b B DIF: 3.1.6.E.b
L2
REF: p. A-85
OBJ: A.3.2.1
L3
REF: p. A-94
OBJ: A.3.3.3
L2
REF: p. A-92
OBJ: A.3.3.3
L3
REF: p. A-78
OBJ: A.3.1.1
L2
REF: p. A-92
OBJ: A.3.3.3
L3
REF: p. A-90
OBJ: A.3.3.2
L2
REF: p. A-91
OBJ: A.3.3.2
L1
REF: p. A-84
OBJ: A.3.2.1
L2
REF: p. A-91
OBJ: A.3.3.2
L3
REF: p. A-79
OBJ: A.3.1.1
COMPLETION 31. ANS: lichen DIF: L1 32. ANS: Red tides
REF: p. A-95
OBJ: A.3.3.3
STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L1 33. ANS: hyphae
REF: p. A-85
OBJ: A.3.2.1
STO: 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L1 34. ANS: spores
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 35. ANS: move
REF: p. A-88
OBJ: A.3.3.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 36. ANS: budding
REF: p. A-82
OBJ: A.3.1.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 37. ANS: toxins
REF: p. A-90
OBJ: A.3.3.2
STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b
DIF: L1 38. ANS: parasites
REF: p. A-85
OBJ: A.3.2.1
STO: 4.1.8.D.a
REF: p. A-89
OBJ: A.3.3.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF:
L3
2
ID: A 39. ANS: alcohol DIF: L3 40. ANS: algal bloom
REF: p. A-92
OBJ: A.3.3.3
STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L1 41. ANS: penicillin
REF: p. A-84
OBJ: A.3.2.1
STO: 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L2 42. ANS: funguslike
REF: p. A-93
OBJ: A.3.3.3
STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L2 43. ANS: algae
REF: p. A-82
OBJ: A.3.1.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 44. ANS: antibiotic
REF: p. A-79
OBJ: A.3.1.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 45. ANS: water
REF: p. A-93
OBJ: A.3.3.3
STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L1 46. ANS: pseudopods
REF: p. A-84
OBJ: A.3.2.1
STO: 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L2 REF: p. A-76 47. ANS: eutrophication
OBJ: A.3.1.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L2 REF: p. A-86 48. ANS: digestive chemicals
OBJ: A.3.2.2
STO: 4.1.8.D.a
DIF: L3 REF: p. A-89 49. ANS: protective covering
OBJ: A.3.3.1
STO: 3.1.6.E.b
DIF: L1 50. ANS: sexual
REF: p. A-90
OBJ: A.3.3.2
STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b
REF: p. A-91
OBJ: A.3.3.2
STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b
DIF:
L2
3
