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Understanding the differences between Incipient Level First Responders and Structural Fire Brigades Frank Baker, CSP, CFPS, ALCM ASSE Virtual Symposium “Fire Safety – Physical Protection and Emergency Management” 1:00 PM (CST) February 27, 2014

About the Presenter: O  Regional Manager, Risk Management – Eastern Alliance Insurance Group

O  O  O  O  O  O 

B.S. Safety – Illinois State University CSP – Certified Safety Professional CFPS – Certified Fire Protection Spec. NFPA / NFA Fire Officer I NFA Incident Safety Officer Past Admin. – ASSE Fire Protection Practice Specialty

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Learning Objectives O  Participants will: –  Understand the differences in responsibilities and capabilities of Incipient vs. Structural fire brigades –  Be familiar with the pertinent regulatory standards –  Be able to identify the elements required for effective outside agency interaction –  Recognize the potential unintended consequences

Presentation Parameters O  Confine the discussions to those applicable for the response to a FIRE emergency O  Other types of emergencies may require their own specific response capabilities and be subject to other regulatory and training requirements

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Two potential responses to an emergency event O  Based on your Emergency Action Plan: 1. Self rescue (evacuation), and accountability, or 2. Coordinated internal response O  Followed by Municipal Emergency Services Response

Levels of the Coordinated Response O  Incipient Fires Only O  Advanced Exterior O  Interior Structural Only O  Advanced Exterior & Exterior

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Defining the Level of Response Evacuate & Account

Incipient Fire Brigade Exterior Structural Fire Brigade

Emergency Action Plan Coordinated Response

Interior Structural Fire Brigade Interior/Exterior Structural Fire Brigade

Is there really a need? O  Needs Analysis? –  Shortfall in municipal protection –  Special hazards or equipment

O  “Cool” Factor….. Let’s hope not!

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Shortfall in Municipal Service Capability? O  ISO PPC rating (1 best to 10 worst) –  Response distance –  Water supply –  Staffing / Training

O  Budget problems / RIF’s O  Outdated / Inadequate Equipment O  They “TOLD” you!!!

Plant Emergency Teams O  Basic – –  Supervise Evacuation Wardens/ Marshals

O  Advanced – –  Medical Emergencies, –  HazMat Spills, –  Incipient Level Fires to Structural Firefighting

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Evacuation & Accountability O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.38 O  (a) emergency action plans O  (b) written if more than 10 empl. O  (c)(1) – fire reporting procedures O  (c)(2) – evacuation of employees O  (c)(4) – accountability O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157 O  (g)(1) – extinguisher (PASS) training

Incipient Stage Fire O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.155 (c)(26) O  In the initial or beginning stage which can be controlled or extinguished by: –  Portable fire extinguishers –  Class II standpipe or small hose stream –  Without protective clothing or SCBA

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Incipient Stage Firefighting O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157 O  (g)(1) – extinguisher (PASS) training O  (g)(2) – initial and annual training O  (g)(3) – exting. hands on training O  (g)(4) – initial and annual training

Incipient Stage Firefighting O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.158 O  (a)(1) – class II & III standpipes O  (c)(3) – up to 1-1/2” dia. hose lines and minimum 30 psi at nozzle O  (c)(4) – must have shut off nozzle O  (d) – 100 gpm for 30 minutes

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Fire Brigade O  29 CFR 1910.155 (c)(18) O  (private fire department, industrial fire department) O  Means an organized group of employees who are knowledgeable, trained and skilled in at least the basic fire fighting operations.

Interior Structural Firefighting O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.155 (c)(28) O  The physical activity of fire suppression, rescue or both, inside of buildings, or enclosed structures which are involved in a fire situation beyond the incipient stage.

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Fire Brigades – Interior Structural Firefighting O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire Brigade = Industrial Fire Dept. O  (a)(2) – PPE applies to interior structural firefighting O  (b)(1) – organizational statement (structure, training, # members and functional duties)

O  (b)(2) – physically capable

Fire Brigades – Interior Structural Firefighting O  29 CFR 1910.156 O  (c)(1) – commensurate training prior to exposure/active status O  (c)(2) – training frequency to ensure competency or quarterly O  (c)(3) – quality of training (MFRI, IA, WV FSE, GA Fire Acad, TX A&M, etc.)

O  (c)(4) – notification of special hazards in the facility

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Fire Brigades – Interior Structural Firefighting O  OSHA 29 CFR 1910.156 O  (e) PPE applies to interior structural firefighting O  (e)(1) – PPE provided at no cost to the employee O  (f)(1) – must use SCBA w/ Prog. –  30 minute air supply –  Pressure demand or pos. pressure –  Low air at 20-25%

PPE - $12,000+ O Protective Helmet w/ impact suspension system & thermal liner O Nomex Hood O SCBA w/ integrated PASS alarm, HUD & RIC UAC O Coat: fire resistant outer shell w/ thermal insulation & vapor barrier O Pants: fire resistant outer shell w/ thermal insulation & vapor barrier O Gloves: leather shell, thermal insulation & moisture barrier O Boots: waterproof, steel toe & shank, O Radio: waterproof w/ emergency alert

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Respiratory Protection 29 CFR 1910.134

O  Maintenance & Testing of equip. O  Breathing Air quality – Grade D O  Medical evaluations of users O  Fit testing for IDLH – QNFT O  2 in / 2 out Rule

2 in / 2 out Rule

29 CFR 1910.134 (g)(3 - 4) O  Required for entry into IDLH entry for “fire suppression” activities* –  aka RIT / RIC – “Rapid Intervention”

O  Back up crew ready to perform rescue of primary crew –  Retrieval equipment –  Entry team maintains visual or voice contact with each other –  At least (2) outside the IDLH area

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Fire Brigades – Interior Structural Firefighting O  Equipment differences: –  PPE –  Class I & III Standpipes – 2 ½” dia. –  Large flow hose lines –  Master streams

SCBA Requirements O  NFPA 1981 O  Positive pressure only O  Low air alarm at 33% O  Heads up display O  UAC required O  PASS

O  OSHA O  Pressure demand or PP O  Low air alarm at 20-25% O  HUD - Not Required O  UAC optional

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Equipment Maintenance O  Fire extinguisher inspections and maintenance O  Hose re-racking, testing, replacement O  Fixed extinguishing systems maintenance

Fire Event Management O  Bad outcomes occur from poor decision making during an event O  June 18, 2007 – Charleston, SC. Charleston Sofa Super Store Fire

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Fireground Management O  RPDM –  Recognition Prime Decision Making O  Mental “hard drive” needs adequate data to draw from for decision making

O  Without reference data from frequent and thorough training – bad decisions are more likely !!!!

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Fire Event Management Matrix High Risk Low Frequency

Low Risk Low Frequency

High Risk High Frequency

Low Risk High Frequency

Fire Event Management Matrix High Risk Low Frequency

High Risk High Frequency

Low Risk Low Frequency

Low Risk High Frequency

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Fire Event Management Matrix High Risk Low Frequency

Public Sector Interaction O  Active participation in the Preplanning process O  Coordination of training – joint tours and drills as requested O  Interoperability O  NIMS Training – understand the roles of all involved

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NIMS O  All team personnel trained –  100/200 – all team members –  300/400 – command staff –  700 – all team members –  701/702/703 – command staff

O  On line training available through FEMA.gov

Incident Command System – NIMS (Plant Incident Commander)

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Incident Command System – NIMS (after Fire Dept. takes Command)

Plant Incident Commander

Unintended Consequences O  Property insurers: May appreciate the early human intervention where engineered systems fall short

O  Workers Compensation insurers: May not!

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OSHA & NFPA O  OSHA (State or Federal) will apply to industrial fire brigades in all states O  NFPA standards will apply in “NFPA” states O  OSHA can use NFPA standards via General Duty Clause [Section 5(a)(1) of the Act]

Training & Regulatory Summary – OSHA (based on Federal OSHA Standards – 29 CFR 1910.)

O  Emergency Action Plan – 1910.38 O  Fire Prevention Plan – 1910.39 O  Incipient Fire Brigade – 1910.38 & .157 O  Structural Fire Brigade – 1910.156 & 158 O  Emergency Medical Teams – 1910.151 O  Hazardous Materials Teams – 1910.120 O  Respiratory Protection – 1910.134 O  HazCom / GHS – 1910.1200,

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Training & Regulatory Summary - NFPA

O  Std. on Industrial Fire Brigades – –  NFPA 600

O  Indust. Fire Brigade Member Qual. –  NFPA 1081

O  Firefighter I & II Qualifications – –  NFPA 1001

O  Fire Department Safety – –  NFPA 1500 and assoc. stds. (1403, 1404,

O  Apparatus Driver Qualifications – –  NFPA 1002

Summary O  The higher the level of response you choose: –  The more training you will need to become and stay proficient –  The more $$$$ it will cost to acquire the resources and maintain them –  The more opportunity for catastrophic consequences

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Understanding the differences between Incipient Level First Responders and Structural Fire Brigades

Questions?

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