Date
Period
Name
CHAPTER
2
Study Guide
Representing Motion Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
average speed
origin
resultant
average velocity
instantaneous position
particle model
scalar
coordinate system
instantaneous velocity
position
time interval
displacement
magnitude
position-time graph
vector
distance
motion diagram
1.
The speed and direction of an object at a particular instant is the .
2.
Another term given for the size of a quantity is the
3.
The
4.
The formula tf ti represents
5.
A
6.
Ratio of the change in position to the time interval during which the change occurred is the .
7.
A system that defines the zero point of the variable you are studying is the .
8.
The zero point is also called the
9.
A graph with time data on the horizontal axis and position data on the vertical axis is a .
.
is the location of an object relative to an origin. .
is a quantity with both magnitude and direction.
.
10.
A shows a series of images showing the position of a moving object over equal time intervals.
11.
A vector that represents the sum of two or more vectors is a
12.
A simplified motion diagram that shows the object in motion as a series of points is a .
13.
A scalar quantity that is the length, or size, of the displacement vector is .
14.
A quantity that has only magnitude is
Physics: Principles and Problems
.
.
Chapters 1–5 Resources
45
Name
Study Guide
2
continued
15.
The location of an object at a particular instant is
.
16.
The vector quantity that defines the distance and direction between two positions is .
17.
The absolute value of the slope on a position-time graph is .
Picturing Motion
Section 2.1
In your textbook, read about motion diagrams on pages 31–33. Refer to the diagrams below to answer questions 1–5. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. 1 A I
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
B 1 A
C B
1 A III
C B
1 A
C B
1. In set I, the object that is moving is
.
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. none of the above
2. Set II shows that object B is
.
a. at rest
c. slowing down
b. increasing its speed
d. traveling at a constant speed
3. Set
shows object B is slowing down.
a. I
c. III
b. II
d. IV
46 Chapters 1–5 Resources
Physics: Principles and Problems
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
II
IV
2 C
Name
Study Guide
continued
4. Set
shows object B at rest.
a. I
c. III
b. II
d. IV
5. Set
2
shows object B traveling at a constant speed.
a. I
c. III
b. II
d. IV
Where and When?
Section 2.2
In your textbook, read about coordinate systems on pages 34–35. Refer to the diagrams below to answer questions 1–5. A ⫺5m ⫺4m ⫺3m ⫺2m ⫺1m 0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
⫺5m ⫺4m ⫺3m ⫺2m ⫺1m 0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
⫺5m ⫺4m ⫺3m ⫺2m ⫺1m 0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
⫺5m ⫺4m ⫺3m ⫺2m ⫺1m 0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
⫺5m ⫺4m ⫺3m ⫺2m ⫺1m 0m
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
B
C
D
E
1. What are the position vectors for A, B, C, D, and E?
2. If the object is moving from left to right in D, and each division represents the passage of 1 s, what is the velocity of the object?
3. If the object is moving from right to left in D, what is the velocity of the object?
Physics: Principles and Problems
Chapters 1–5 Resources
47
Name
2
Study Guide
continued
4. In which sets are there objects with positive position vectors?
5. In which sets are there objects with negative position vectors?
Section 2.3
Position-Time Graphs
In your textbook, read about position-time graphs on pages 38–42. Refer to the diagram below to answer questions 1–7.
Position (m)
12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
0.0
Time (s)
1. What quantity is represented on the x-axis?
2. What quantity is represented on the y-axis?
3. What is the position of the object at 6.0 s?
4. How much time has passed when the object is at 6.0 m?
5. How far does the object travel for every second it is in motion?
6. If the object continues at this speed, when will the object reach 18.0 m?
7. Where will the object be after 300 s?
48 Chapters 1–5 Resources
Physics: Principles and Problems
Name
Study Guide
continued
Section 2.4
2
How Fast?
In your textbook, read about speed and velocity on pages 43–47. Refer to the diagram below to answer questions 1–12.
Position (m)
20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0
0.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 Time (s)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. What is the formula for finding t?
2. Find t for the change in position from d 5 m to d 15 m.
3. What is the formula for finding d?
4. Find d for the time interval from t 2.0 s to t 8.0 s.
5. What is the formula for finding the slope on a position-time graph?
Physics: Principles and Problems
Chapters 1–5 Resources
49
Name
2
Study Guide
continued
6. What is the slope of this line?
7. What does the absolute value of the slope of this line represent?
8. What is the velocity of this object in m/s?
9. If this object continues at the same velocity, how long would it take this object to reach a position of d 150 m?
11. What formula would you use to determine the position of this object if it had an initial position vector and then traveled at a fixed velocity for a certain amount of time?
12. How far will this object have traveled if it had an initial position of 220 m and traveled at a velocity of 2.5 m/s for 48 s?
50 Chapters 1–5 Resources
Physics: Principles and Problems
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
10. If this object continues at the same velocity, how far will it have traveled when t 200 s?
Date
Period
Name
CHAPTER
2
Supplemental Problems
Representing Motion 1. An airplane travels at a constant speed, relative to the ground, of 900.0 km/h. a. How far has the airplane traveled after 2.0 h in the air? b. How long does it take for the airplane to travel between City A and City B if the cities are 3240 km apart? c. If a second plane leaves 1 h after the first, and travels at 1200 km/h, which flight will arrive at City B first? 2. You and your friend start jogging around a 2.00103-m running track at the same time. Your average running speed is 3.15 m/s, while your friend runs at 3.36 m/s. How long does your friend wait for you at the finish line?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
b. At what time do they pass one another? c. Which car is traveling faster? Explain. d. What is the speed of the slower car?
500
Car A
450 400 Distance (km)
3. The graph to the right shows the distance versus time for two cars traveling on a straight highway. a. What can you determine about the relative direction of travel of the cars?
350 300 250 200 150
Car B
100 50
1 4. You drop a ball from a height of 2.0 m. It falls to the floor, bounces straight upward 1.3 m, falls to the floor again, and bounces 0.7 m. a. Use vector arrows to show the motion of the ball.
2
3
4
5
6
Time (h)
b. At the top of the second bounce, what is the total distance that the ball has traveled? c. At the top of the second bounce, what is the ball’s displacement from its starting point? d. At the top of the second bounce, what is the ball’s displacement from the floor? 5. You are making a map of some of your favorite locations in town. The streets run north–south and east–west and the blocks are exactly 200 m long. As you map the locations, you walk three blocks north, four blocks east, one block north, one block west, and four blocks south. a. Draw a diagram to show your route. b. What is the total distance that you traveled while making the map? Physics: Principles and Problems
Supplemental Problems
3
Name
2
Supplemental Problems
continued
c. Use your diagram to determine your final displacement from your starting point. d. What vector will you follow to return to your starting point? 6. An antelope can run 90.0 km/h. A cheetah can run 117 km/h for short distances. The cheetah, however, can maintain this speed only for 30.0 s before giving up the chase. a. Can an antelope with a 150.0-m lead outrun a cheetah? b. What is the closest that the antelope can allow a cheetah to approach and remain likely to escape?
b. Which person travels fastest by riding a motorized cart? How can you tell? c. Which person starts closest to the departure gate? d. Which person appears to be going to the wrong gate?
500
A
400 Displacement from gate (m)
7. The position-time graph to the right represents the motion of three people in an airport moving toward the same departure gate. a. Which person travels the farthest during the period shown?
300 200 100 B
0 100 200
C
300 400 500 100
150
200
250
300
8. A radio signal takes 1.28 s to travel Time (s) from a transmitter on the Moon to the surface of Earth. The radio waves travel at 3.00108 m/s. What is the distance, in kilometers, from the Moon to Earth? 9. You start to walk toward your house eastward at a constant speed of 5.0 km/h. At the same time, your sister leaves your house, driving westward at a constant speed of 30.0 km/h. The total distance from your starting point to the house is 3.5 km. a. Draw a position-time graph that shows both your motion and your sister’s motion. b. From the graph, determine how long you travel before you meet your sister. c. How far do you travel in that time? 10. A bus travels on a northbound street for 20.0 s at a constant velocity of 10.0 m/s. After stopping for 20.0 s, it travels at a constant velocity of 15.0 m/s for 30.0 s to the next stop, where it remains for 15.0 s. For the next 15.0 s, the bus continues north at 15.0 m/s. a. Construct a d-t graph of the motion of the bus. b. What is the total distance traveled? c. What is the average velocity of the bus for this period?\ 4 Supplemental Problems
Physics: Principles and Problems
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