TYRE WIRE IN CONCRETE HARRIS ANGELAKOPOULOS STRUCTURAL ENGINEER TWINCON LTD
Facts and figures • 1,500,000,000 new tyres each year (worldwide) • 1 post consumer tyre / person / year (1st world) • 3,300,000 tonnes of used tyres / annum (in EU alone) • 800,000 tonnes steel from shredding / annum (worldwide)
EC post consumer tyre legislation EC legislation governing waste •
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1999). Council Directive 1999/31/EC, 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. Official Journal of the European Communities, 1999, L182, 1–19.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2000). Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end‐of‐life vehicles. Official Journal of the European Communities L269, 21/10/2000, 9pp
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on incineration of waste. Official Journal of the European Communities, 2000, L332, 91– 111.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION COM(2003)572 Towards a thematic strategy on the sustainable use of natural resources with a focus on materials recycling.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION COM(2005)666. Taking sustainable use of resources forward: a thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste. 21 December 2005.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION COM(2007)860. Accelerating the development of the market for recycling in Europe – a Lead Market initiative for Europe, 21 December 2007.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION COM(2007)860. Action Plan for sustainable construction – a Lead Market initiative for Europe, 21 December 2007.
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directive 2008/98/EC, 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives
Key outcomes • Whole tyres banned from landfill from 2003 • Any component of recycled tyres banned from landfill from 2006 • Waste hierarchy established to discourage disposal and energy recovery
EU Waste Hierarchy (in priority order) 1. Re‐use (most favoured) 2. Recycled for material recovery 3. Incineration for energy recovery 4. Disposal (last resort)
Re‐use tyre reinforcement as concrete reinforcement
~ 30% contamination
Option 2
Level 4 – no options
Option 1
Not an Option
Options for tyre steel
~ 10% contamination Level 2 – feedstock for re‐melting
Further reduction in contaminants, removal of bead wire & careful selection of lengths
