The West Coast South America Container Trades Europe, including Mediterranean North America Far East

Full Report - August 2008

Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 2c 1823 CJ Alkmaar The Netherlands Phone: +31 72 514 7400 Fax: +31 72 515 1397 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.dynamar.com

Contents

Page

MODULE I THE DYNAMAR CONTAINER TRADES REPORTS SERIES .....................................................................7 1.

THE WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA CONTAINER TRADES ........................................................9 KEY FACTS AND FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................9 By trade lane ..........................................................................................................................................9 Latin America main container trades developments .............................................................................9 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................10 The West Coast South America region ...............................................................................................10 Main West Coast South America container trades..............................................................................11 Growing West Coast South America volumes - bigger ships..............................................................12 Carriers and direct capacity .................................................................................................................14 Latin American shipping companies ....................................................................................................15 Consortia in the West Coast South America trades ............................................................................16 The expanding relay phenomenon ......................................................................................................16 Reefer trade..........................................................................................................................................17 Ports .....................................................................................................................................................18 Countries ..............................................................................................................................................18

2.

PORTS (DIRECT CALLS) ...................................................................................................................20 West Coast South America countries and direct ports, in alphabetical order .....................................20 North Europe and Mediterranean countries and direct ports, in alphabetical order ...........................20 US East Coast, Gulf and West Coast direct ports, in alphabetical order ............................................20 Far East direct countries and direct ports in alphabetical order ..........................................................20 Non-core countries and ports served en route, in alphabetical order .................................................21 All ports served on routes between WCSA and Europe, North America and Far East ......................21

3.

PORT HANDLED TEU ........................................................................................................................23 WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA ....................................................................................................................23 DIRECT WCSA TRADE PORTS IN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND THE FAR EAST .............................................24 PORT DATA, DEVELOPMENTS AND PROJECTS .................................................................................................25

4.

CARRYINGS (FULL CONTAINER VOLUMES) .................................................................................29 NORTH EUROPE (EU) DIRECT PORTS TO/FROM THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA ...................................29 MEDITERRANEAN (EU) DIRECT PORTS TO/FROM THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA ..................................29 TOTAL EU DIRECT PORTS IN NORTH EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN TO/FROM THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA ....................................................................................................................................................29 West Coast South America country from/to North Europe direct ports...............................................30 West Coast South America country from/to Mediterranean (EU) direct ports ....................................30 West Coast South America country from/to North Europe/Mediterranean (EU) direct ports..............30 US PORT RANGE TO/FROM THE WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA ......................................................................31 West Coast South America country from/to US port ranges ...............................................................31 Liftings by carrier between the US and WCSA....................................................................................32 FAR EAST COUNTRIES TO/FROM WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA .....................................................................33 West Coast South America country from/to Far East countries..........................................................33

5.

COMMODITIES....................................................................................................................................34 SOUTHBOUND .............................................................................................................................................34 NORTHBOUND .............................................................................................................................................34 WCSA FOREIGN TRADE BY COUNTRY, COMMODITY AND VALUE ......................................................................34

6.

CONTAINER SHIPPING SERVICES ..................................................................................................36 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................36 DIRECT CARRIERS - BRIEF, TRADE-RELATED PROFILES ...................................................................................38 Relay carriers - brief trade-related profiles ..........................................................................................42 MAINLINE SERVICES (CARRIERS, SCHEDULES, FREQUENCIES, SHIPS)..............................................................43 NORTH EUROPE/MEDITERRANEAN - WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA ...............................................................44 North Europe ........................................................................................................................................44 Mediterranean ......................................................................................................................................45 USA - WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA .........................................................................................................45 US East Coast & Gulf...........................................................................................................................45 US West Coast.....................................................................................................................................46

FAR EAST - WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA ..................................................................................................46 RECENT SERVICE AND CARRIER DEVELOPMENTS ..........................................................................................49 North Europe ........................................................................................................................................49 Mediterranean ......................................................................................................................................50 North America ......................................................................................................................................50 Far East ................................................................................................................................................51 POST-PUBLICATION SERVICES AND CARRIER DEVELOPMENTS .........................................................................54 7.

SERVICE GRIDS (PORTS OF CALL SEQUENCE) - DIRECT SERVICES ......................................55 North Europe/Mediterranean - WCSA .................................................................................................55 US East Coast & Gulf & West Coast- WCSA ......................................................................................56 Far East - WCSA..................................................................................................................................57

8.

DIRECT PORTS OF CALL ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................58

9.

WCSA RELAY, FEEDER AND REGIONAL SERVICES....................................................................61 RELAY AND FEEDER SERVICES (CARRIERS, SCHEDULES, FREQUENCIES, SHIPS) ..............................................61 Relay Services .....................................................................................................................................61 Feeder and Regional Services.............................................................................................................63 East Coast South America - West Coast South America Services.....................................................64 RECENT RELAY-SERVICES AND -CARRIER DEVELOPMENTS ..............................................................................64 SERVICE GRIDS - RELAY, FEEDER AND REGIONAL SERVICES .........................................................................66 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................66 Relay Services grid ..............................................................................................................................66 Feeder and Regional Services grid......................................................................................................67

10.

ANNUAL TEU CAPACITY DEPLOYED BY CARRIERS ...............................................................68

Total capacity by individual mainline carrier ........................................................................................68 Relay capacity by carrier......................................................................................................................69 Direct plus relay capacity by carrier by main trade lane......................................................................69 REEFER CAPACITY SHARES ..........................................................................................................................72 11.

CONFERENCES AND DISCUSSION AGREEMENTS ..................................................................73

WCSA TRADE WITH EUROPE - ESPMC-WITASS........................................................................................73 Rates from/to Europe ...........................................................................................................................74 Terminal Handling Charges .................................................................................................................76 WCSA TRADE WITH THE USA - WCSADA ..................................................................................................77 WCSA TRADE WITH THE FAR EAST - AWCSA, WCSAFC AND JWCSA .......................................................78 MODULE II ...................................................................................................................................................79 FULL TEU STATISTICS PER INDIVIDUAL NORTH EUROPEAN PORT PER WCSA COUNTRY (2005-2007)..............80 FULL TEU STATISTICS PER INDIVIDUAL MEDITERRANEAN PORT PER WCSA COUNTRY (2005-2007) ................80 FULL TEU STATISTICS PER INDIVIDUAL MEDITERRANEAN PORT PER WCSA COUNTRY (2005-2007) ................81 EUROPE DIRECT PORTS FULL TEU LOADED/DISCHARGED 2005/2007.............................................................81 EUROPE DIRECT PORTS FULL TEU LOADED/DISCHARGED 2005/2007.............................................................82 MEDITERRANEAN DIRECT PORTS FULL TEU LOADED/DISCHARGED 2005/2007 ................................................82 NORTH EUROPE DIRECT PORTS PER WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA COUNTRY (TEU) .....................................83 MEDITERRANEAN DIRECT PORTS PER WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA COUNTRY (TEU) ....................................83 US-WCSA LIFTINGS BY CARRIER BY COAST (2005-2007) ............................................................................84 FULL TEU STATISTICS PER INDIVIDUAL FAR EAST COUNTRY PER WCSA COUNTRY (2005-2007).....................85 CHILE COPPER EXPORTS ..............................................................................................................................86 REEFER COMMODITIES ................................................................................................................................90 OIL & PETROLEUM IN WCSA.......................................................................................................................92 AGREEMENTS AND TREATIES .......................................................................................................................94 PORT DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2004 ..............................................................................................................95 2004......................................................................................................................................................95 2005......................................................................................................................................................95 2006......................................................................................................................................................96 2007......................................................................................................................................................96 2008......................................................................................................................................................96 SHORT COUNTRY PROFILES .........................................................................................................................98 COLOMBIA (CAPITAL: BOGOTÁ)....................................................................................................................98 ECUADOR (CAPITAL: QUITO)......................................................................................................................100 PERU (CAPITAL: LIMA)...............................................................................................................................102 BOLIVIA (CAPITAL: LA PAZ)........................................................................................................................104

CHILE (CAPITAL: SANTIAGO) ......................................................................................................................106 SOURCES .................................................................................................................................................108

Tables: Table 1: 5-year West Coast South America port handled TEU...................................................................23 Table 2: From/to North Europe-WCSA full TEU statistics 2005-2007.........................................................29 Table 3: From/to Mediterranean-WCSA full TEU statistics 2005-2007.......................................................29 Table 4: From/to North Europe & Mediterranean-WCSA full TEU statistics 2005-2007.............................29 Table 5: Full TEU statistics from/to EU per WCSA country.........................................................................30 Table 6: Full TEU statistics from/to Mediterranean per WCSA country ......................................................30 Table 7: Full TEU statistics from/to North Europe/Mediterranean per WCSA country ...............................30 Table 8: From/to US-WCSA full TEU statistics 2005-2007 .........................................................................31 Table 9: Full TEU statistics from/to US per WCSA country.........................................................................31 Table 10: Full TEU statistics between the US and Bolivia ..........................................................................31 Table 11: Full TEU statistics per carrier between the US all coasts and the WCSA ..................................32 Table 12: Full Far East-WCSA TEU statistics by country in the Far East...................................................33 Table 13: Full Far East-WCSA TEU statistics by country in WCSA............................................................33 Table 14: WCSA export/import commodities...............................................................................................34 Table 15: WCSA export/import in 2006 (Peru 2005) ...................................................................................34 Table 16: Services, Ships and Shipboard Capacity per direct WCSA trade...............................................36 Table 17: Summary of the direct port calls analysis ....................................................................................60 Table 18: (Estimated) Annual capacity deployed by carriers on direct services.........................................68 Table 19: (Estimated) Annual capacity deployed by carriers on relay services..........................................69 Table 20: Estimated capacity per carrier per WCSA trade..........................................................................70 Table(s) 21: Reefer plug capacity and reefer container fleet ......................................................................72 Table 22: Southbound and Northbound Europe-WCSA commodity rates ..................................................74 Figures: Figure 1: WCSA direct ports ranking by throughput ....................................................................................23 Figure 2: Liners, Services & Vessels ...........................................................................................................37 Figure 3: Services Overview (alphabetically)...............................................................................................43 Figure 4: WCSA Ports of call analysis .........................................................................................................58 Figure 5: WCSA - Europe ports of call analysis...........................................................................................59 Figure 6: WCSA - North America ports of call analysis ...............................................................................59 Figure 7: WCSA - Far East ports of call analysis.........................................................................................59 Figure 8: WCSA - Other areas ports of call analysis ...................................................................................60 Figure 9: THC in North Europe and WCSA .................................................................................................76

The West Coast South America Container Trades Full Report August 2008

Authors: Emine Dalyan (Shipping Analyst) Dirk Visser (Managing Editor)

Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 2c 1823 CJ ALKMAAR Phone: +31 72 514 74 00 Fax: +31 72 515 13 97 [email protected] www.dynamar.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without explicit permission of the publisher. While the information contained in this report is presented in good faith, it frequently involves estimates where no current published data is available. This information, believed to be accurate, can therefore not be guaranteed. The publishers cannot accept liability of any errors or omission.

THE DYNAMAR CONTAINER TRADES REPORTS SERIES Since 2004 Dynamar has been publishing reports on specific container liner trades. In essence, these consultancy studies portray a trade from the viewpoint of a carrier that - may consider to enter the trade lane under review - already serves the route and needs to keep track of the latest developments This explains the basis of these studies that in particular aim at providing: - An assessment of the size of the trade (volume in terms of full containers) - An in-depth competition inventory (services, schedules, ships, capacity) The set up is based upon a proven concept, and develops along the following lines: Module I: - General overview: o Executive summary of the report’s findings through key facts and figures (number of carriers, services, total volume, total capacity, major ports) o Introduction to the trade that briefly highlights the salient points and a general outline of the trade under study; its recent history, development and current situation - Summary of the direct ports of call of the services under review o Often completed with a wider ports/countries overview - Port activity o Statistics of port handled TEU in direct ports of call on both sides of the trade - Carryings of full TEU in both directions, providing the size of the trade. o The set up of this chapter depends on the availability of information but is usually built on statistics of full containers loaded and discharged in the direct ports and/or on the basis of carriers’ full TEU liftings, if available at all. The outcome is often also presented in various regional overviews and analysed from various points of view - Commodities o Overview of the main moving cargo items in both directions o May be completed with additional information on specific cargo flows - Container Shipping Services o Short trade-related profiles of all vessel providing carriers o All direct container services operated (trade names, port rotation, frequency, number and size of ships) o Services grid (ports of call sequence), providing the emphasis of the trade in terms of ports used o Recent carrier and trade developments - Capacity and Trade Share Analyses o The annualised trade capacity is analysed by carrier and/or grouping, taking into account such factors as frequencies, non core ports and actual vessel sizes o The annualised trade capacities and the overall carryings form the basis for estimates of trade shares/liftings by carrier - Hubbing and Transhipment o Overview/inventory of connections within the areas with the main direct ports of call - Conferences, Discussion Agreements and the like o Details of such bodies, if any, governing the trade under review o Freight rates, if available and (standard) surcharges - Other than container services o A broad overview of breakbulk, Ro-Ro and multipurpose operators in the trade, which may incidentally compete for containers

Module II usually provides reference material and detailed information, such as: - Raw, usually not further analysed statistics, such as TEU per port/country combination, and/or, if available: - Liftings by individual carriers/brands and/or by relevant individual countries, if any - Other subjects of indirect, but not immaterial interest - Port projects; port and/or country developments (since the previous report) - Country economy profiles Obviously, each individual report may be expanded with additional trade-specific information. In the case of the 2008 West Coast South America Container Trade publication, this is already a unique one in the series of Markets and Trades reports, as it covers 3 trade lanes, i.e. WCSA with the European Union (Europe/Mediterranean), with the USA and with the Far East. Furthermore, three important WCSA trade segments are additionally highlighted in Module II of the report: Copper, Fresh (Reefer) Produce and Oil. This wide range of factors and subjects make these reports also of particular interest to other stakeholders in the subject trade areas, including (alphabetically): consultants, container lessors, financiers, forwarders, NVOCCs, port authorities, port developers, shippers, terminal operators, training institutes and others. It should be noted that Dynamar is generally able to further customise the contents each report by adding information and analysis to the specific terms of reference of the interested party. We trust that you find the following pages of use and interest and as always, welcome any comments or feedback you may have. Dirk Visser (Managing Editor) Dynamar B.V.