Grade 11 College Biology
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: OVERVIEW AND THE HEART WHAT IS IT? The circulatory system is the ____________________________________________________________ WHAT NEEDS TO BE TRANSPORTED? As you have already learned, your tissues require __________________________________________ (proteins, lipids and carbs) which are broken down and absorbed into the blood in the digestive system. These allow cells to grow, function and derive energy. Deriving energy requires one other essential ingredient; ___________________________. The body derives its energy from a process called cellular respiration. The overall formula for cellular respirations is:
Oxygen + Glucose
Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water
Ultimately, every cell in your body needs to receive ___________________ and ___________________ and must remove ____________________.
FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? 1) ______________________________________________________________________ 2) ______________________________________________________________________ 3) ______________________________________________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________________________________
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OVERVIEW Blood is oxygenated in the lungs The hearts pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body through arteries Deoxygenated Blood returns to the heart through veins
The body uses oxygen
Grade 11 College Biology
THE HEART
The heart is a large, powerful muscle. When it relaxes it fills with blood. This process of relaxing and filling is called _____________________________. When it contracts it pumps blood to the lungs and body. This process of contracting and pumping is called __________________________________. Your heart contracts TWICE to complete one full heartbeat. This means that the heart actually uses a _____________________________________. Pump #1 -
_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
Pump #2 -
_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
Heart Chamber Right atrium Left atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
Chamber Thickness
Chamber Strength
Reason(s)
Grade 11 College Biology
HEART VALVES When the ventricles contract, why would blood only flow to the heart and body? If there is an opening for blood to enter the ventricles from the atria, shouldn’t some of the blood flow back into the atria? It is the valves between the atria and ventricles that prevent the _______________________________ of blood. Sketch a valve to show how it keeps blood moving in one direction
Each time the heart pumps blood flows through the veins toward the heart. This opens the valves
When the heart relaxes between pumps, to prevent blood from flowing backwards by gravity, the valves close due to back pressure
Other than between atria and ventricles, where else are the valves inside the heart? 1) __________________________________________________________________________________ 2) __________________________________________________________________________________ Why does the heart need valves? _____________________________________________________________________________________
BLOOD PRESSURE Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing on the walls of the arteries. It is measured using a sphygmomanometer which reads two numbers. 1) Systolic pressure - _________________________________________________________________ 2) Diastolic pressure - ________________________________________________________________ The average healthy blood pressure for adults is approximate 120 / 80 (spoken 120 over 80). This means that the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg. Your resting blood pressure is an important indicator of health. What are some typical causes of hypertension (high blood pressure)? _____________________________________________________________________________________
Grade 11 College Biology
Using today’s lesson and the diagram to the left, write out the complete procedure for how blood flows through the heart. Name all of the parts involved. Use the following terms where applicable: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, vena cava, aorta, valve, artery, vein, diastole, systole. 1) During diastole, the right atrium relaxes and fills with deoxygenated blood from
the vena cava.
2) During systole, deoxygenated blood is pumped into the right ventricle from the
right atrium.
3) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 7) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 8) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 9) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 10) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Grade 11 College Biology
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS + BLOOD ARTERIES AND VEINS There are two types of blood vessels Arteries -
_________________________________________________________________________
Veins -
_________________________________________________________________________
The only exception to this rule in the body is in the pulmonary system: Pulmonary artery - _____________________________________________________________________ Pulmonary vein - ______________________________________________________________________
VALVES IN VEINS The pumping of the heart is far from the veins meaning that blood pressure in veins is at its lowest. Often blood also needs to work against gravity to return to the heart. To prevent the backflow of blood, there are valves in the veins. Sketch a diagram of how valves in the veins work.
Each time the heart pumps blood flows through the veins toward the heart. This opens the valves
When the heart relaxes between pumps, to prevent blood from flowing backwards by gravity, the valves close due to back pressure
CAPILLARIES Arteries are thick and muscular to help push large amounts of blood around while maintaining the blood pressure. This means that it is difficult for oxygen and nutrients to enter or leave the blood through arteries. Arteries branch off into networks of extremely thin vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen and take in wastes like carbon dioxide. These networks are called _________________________________.
Grade 11 College Biology
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS + BLOOD ARTERIES AND VEINS There are two types of blood vessels Arteries -
_________________________________________________________________________
Veins -
_________________________________________________________________________
The only exception to this rule in the body is in the pulmonary system: Pulmonary artery - _____________________________________________________________________ Pulmonary vein - ______________________________________________________________________
VALVES IN VEINS The pumping of the heart is far from the veins meaning that blood pressure in veins is at its lowest. Often blood also needs to work against gravity to return to the heart. To prevent the backflow of blood, there are valves in the veins. Sketch a diagram of how valves in the veins work.
Each time the heart pumps blood flows through the veins toward the heart. This opens the valves
When the heart relaxes between pumps, to prevent blood from flowing backwards by gravity, the valves close due to back pressure
CAPILLARIES Arteries are thick and muscular to help push large amounts of blood around while maintaining the blood pressure. This means that it is difficult for oxygen and nutrients to enter or leave the blood through arteries. Arteries branch off into networks of extremely thin vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen and take in wastes like carbon dioxide. These networks are called _________________________________.
Grade 11 College Biology
BLOOD
Blood component Function Plasma
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets
Grade 11 College Biology
BLOOD
Blood component Plasma
Function
The fluid through which the solid components and dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes and hormones are transported around the body Red Blood Cells
Contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the body
White Blood Cells
Protect the body against infection (invading microorganisms and toxins)
Platelets
Involved in blood clotting
