Circulatory System: • Circulates the blood…which carries the O2 to cells
Heart • Made of cardiac muscle, hollow, about the size of a clenched fist • Contracts ~72 times/min • In 1 day, the heart pumps 1800 liters. That is enough blood to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool in a year.
FYI • Newborn heart rate=140 beats/min
• First heart transplant-1967 • By 1995 90% success rate for heart transplants • The heart may beat for several minutes after it is removed from the body
The inside of the heart • Septum:
The inside of the heart • Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium:
The inside of the heart • Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium: (2) The upper chambers that receive the blood • Ventricle:
The inside of the heart • Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium: (2) The upper chambers that receive the blood • Ventricles: (2) The lower chambers which pump blood out of the heart
- Chordae tendinae: connect to the valve
- Papillary muscle: tug on the chordae tendinae
- Chordae tendinae: connect to the valve Both work together
to open the valves - Papillary muscle: tug on the chordae tendinae
The inside of the heart
• Valve:
• Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium: (2) The upper chambers that receive the blood • Ventricle: (2) The lower chambers which pumps blood out of the heart
The inside of the heart • Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium: (2) The upper chambers that receive the blood • Ventricle: (2) The lower chambers which pumps blood out of the • Valve: (4) one way opening… heart
The inside of the heart • Septum: (1) divides the heart in half—right and left side • Atrium: (2) The upper chambers that receive the blood • Ventricle: (2) The lower chambers which pumps blood out of the heart
Valve: Heart has 4 valves • Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
• Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Valve: Heart has 4 valves • Mitral valve or Bicuspid valve: between left atrium and left ventricle • Aortic valve: between left ventricle and the aorta
The inside of the heart
On a picture: • Oxygenated blood is red • Deoxygenated blood is blue (deoxiginated means it is carrying CO2)
The pathway of drop of blood: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
vena cava (superior/inferior) right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries (right and left) capillaries in the lungs pulmonary veins (right and left) left atrium left ventricle aorta body…
The pathway of drop of blood: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
vena cava (superior/inferior) right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries (right and left) capillaries in the lungs pulmonary veins (right and left) left atrium left ventricle aorta body…(and heart… through coronary arteries)
Coronary arteries: give the heart it’s own O2 Fatty tissue: for protection
Respiratory and Circulatory: So WHY are we doing the respiratory system and the circulatory system in the same unit?
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Arteries • Carry blood AWAY from the heart • Carry oxygenated blood (except for ____________) • Has thick muscle layer
Arteries • Carry blood AWAY from the heart • Carry oxygenated blood (except for ____________) • Has thick muscle layer (smooth muscle)
Veins • ALWAYS Return blood TO the heart • Carry deoxygenated blood (except for ____________) • Contain one way valves that keep blood flowing back to the heart
Veins • Return blood TO the heart • Carry deoxygenated blood (except for ____________) • Contain one way valves that keep blood flowing back to the heart
Where there is an ______ there is a ____.
Where there is an artery there is a vein.
Capillaries • Smallest blood vessels • Red blood cells go through in single file • Walls are only one cell thick
Capillaries • Where an artery turns into a vein • Exchange of molecules and nutrients happens here
Artery
Capillaries
Vein
What happens at the capillaries? Artery
Capillaries
Diffusion!!
Vein
Circulation through the body • Pulmonary Circulation – Blood pumped from heart to lungs – Left side of the heart
Circulation through the body • Pulmonary Circulation – Blood pumped from heart to lungs – left side of the heart
• Systemic Circulation – Blood pumped from the heart to the body – right side of the heart
Heart Attack: When the blood supply gets cut off to the coronary arteries
Heart Attack • • • •
Bad indigestion Squeezing or heavy pressure Nausea and vomiting Left arm pain and/or chest pain
Stroke: Blood clot gets stuck in one of the arteries leading to the brain
Stroke: Blood clot gets stuck in one of the arteries leading to the brain or bleeding in brain • Brain cells die from lack of oxygen • May cause: – paralysis – loss of the ability to speak – loss of sight – sometimes death
