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Teacher resource: Tobacco education for primary and secondary schools Online entry forms! For more details phone 9266 8455 or email [email protected]

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Foreword The Critics’ Choice is an initiative coordinated annually by the Australian Network on Young People and Tobacco (ANYPAT) as part of a strategy to reduce the prevalence of young people smoking tobacco. The Critics’ Choice will run in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales.

About the resource The resource contains five sections.

Section 1: A guide to using The Critics’ Choice provides teachers with a step by step guide on how to implement this anti smoking initiative. Section 2: Teacher and student instructions on how to access the student entry/grading form and teacher evaluation sheet online.

Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2009 results Section 4: Teacher support Suggested teaching and learning activities to support the implementation of tobacco education, with a focus on critical literacy skills.

Section 5: Background information about smoking enables teachers to better answer questions about smoking and provides accurate and up to date information.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Contents Foreword

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About the resource

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Information for New Scheme Teachers in NSW

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Section 1: A guide to use The Critics’ Choice 2010

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Section 2: Teacher and student instructions

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Information on how to access the student entry/grading form and teacher evaluation sheet online Reference grading sheet for students

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Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2009 results

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Section 4: Teacher support

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Discussion questions guide for teachers

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Suggested teaching and learning activities guide

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Suggested teaching and learning activities • • • • • • • • •

Critical quiz Discussion web: Most convincing advertisement Exposition/argument writing Hot seat activity: Dilemmas and arguments Consider the consequences Counteract the consequences Smoke free Australia by 2020 Looking closely at the advertisements Club Smoking- What is the message?

14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23

Other anti smoking resources

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Section 5: Background information on smoking

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General facts

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References

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Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Information for New Scheme Teachers For teachers accredited at Professional Competence with the NSW Institute of Teachers, completion of a professional learning activity utilising this resource can contribute time towards meeting Teacher Identified Professional Development. The professional learning activity can be in the form of in house training, workshop or demonstration of how this resource can be implemented into current drug education programs.

The NSW Professional Teaching Standards at Professional Competence addressed by sharing strategies or demonstrating this resource are:

Element

Aspect

Element 3 Teachers plan, assess and report for effective learning

Selection, development and use of materials and resources

Element 4 Teachers communicate effectively with their students

Teaching Strategies

Standard addressed 3.2.4 Select, develop and use a variety of appropriate resources and materials that engage students and support their learning.

4.2.5 Create, select and use a variety of appropriate teaching strategies and resources including ICT and other technologies to make content meaningful to students.

How resource addresses element

The Critics’ Choice provides opportunities for teachers to develop or select appropriate teaching and learning activities that address the PDHPE syllabus outcomes and develop students critical literacy skills

The Critics’ Choice provides opportunities for teachers to select and tailor appropriate teaching and learning activities to ensure relevance of content.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 1: A guide to using The Critics’ Choice 2010 The Critics’ Choice 2010 comprises 10 anti smoking television advertisements from around the world. Each advertisement communicates the harmful effects of smoking. Students are invited to watch the advertisements and consider the different effects of smoking, including passive smoking and dependence. Students then select an overall winning advertisement they think is the most effective in preventing young people from starting to smoke or encouraging them to quit smoking.

Step 1: Introduce The Critics’ Choice to students Explain to the students that they will be watching 10 advertisements that have been produced around the world. They have the opportunity to be a TV critic by rating each advertisement. After watching and rating the advertisements there will be a classroom discussion.

Step 2: Distribute grading sheets to the students Each student needs a hard copy of the grading sheet for reference. The names of the advertisements and the organisations that produced them are stated on the grading sheet. A still image is shown on the grading sheet to help students identify each advertisement.

Step 3: Watch the DVD and rate the advertisements Note: It is recommended that teachers view the advertisements prior to use with students to determine their suitability. You may need to watch the DVD a number of times or replay each advertisement for students to record their rating. Using the following rating scale, ask students to write their rating in the square at the bottom of each picture on the grading sheet. Rating scale 3

1

2

Doesn’t work.

Unlikely

Not sure

4

5

Likely

Really effective

After students have rated the advertisements, ask them to choose one overall winner. The winning advertisement should be the advertisement they think is most effective in preventing young people from starting to smoke or encouraging them to quit smoking. Students can log on to the website and submit their entry online at www.schools.nsw.edu.au/events/statecompetitions/criticschoice/index.php . The online entry form asks students to select what they think is the most effective advertisement and give a short explanation supporting their choice.

Step 4: Teacher Support Refer to Section 4: Teacher support on page 10 for discussion guide and additional suggested teaching and learning activities.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

-6 How can your students and school receive prizes? Ten primary and ten secondary entry forms will be drawn at random. An iPod will be awarded to the first randomly drawn entry from a primary and a secondary student. The next nine responses drawn will be awarded $40 iTunes music vouchers.

Complete and submit the student entry forms online at www.schools.nsw.edu.au/events/statecompetitions/criticschoice/index.php

Three primary and three secondary teacher evaluation forms will be drawn at random. A sporting equipment grant to the value of $300 will be awarded to the teachers’ schools. Complete and submit the teacher evaluation form online at www.schools.nsw.edu.au/events/statecompetitions/criticschoice/teform/index.php

Separate prize draws for primary and secondary schools. Entries close 24 September 2010.

For more details phone 9266 8455 or email [email protected]

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 2: Teacher and student instructions

Complete your school details, answer the questions and submit your entry. This will place your school in the draw to receive one of three sporting equipment grants to the value of $300. Go to www.schools.nsw.edu.au/events/statecompetitions/criticschoice/teform/index.php

Separate prize draws for primary and secondary schools. Entries close on 24 September, 2010

Online entry forms! For more details phone 9266 8455 or email [email protected]

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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1. Bronchoscopy

Complete Steps 1- 4. Then fill out your details below to be eligible to receive prizes.

6. Smoker mouth is scary

Step 1: Watch each advertisement.

Cancer Institute of NSW

2. Dear Me

Step 2: Rate each advertisement (1-5) according to how effective you think it is in making you not want to smoke. Write your rating in the box at the bottom of each picture. 1

2

3

4

5

Doesn’t work.

Unlikely

Not sure

Likely

Really effective

Washington State Departiment

7. Their future is in your hands

Step 3: Pick the most effective advertisement. Washing State Department of Health

Which advertisement do you think would stop you from smoking or encourage you to quit if you do smoke? Health Promotion Board Singapore

3. The Journey Write the name of the advertisement here

8. Introducing Adrian

Step 4: Why is it the most effective?

Cancer Patients Aid Association India

4. They’re so hot

Enter ONLINE at

Quit Group New Zealand

www.schools.nsw.edu.au/events/statecompetitio 9. It’s like they’re smoking ns/criticschoice/index.php

Hawaii Department of Health

5. Sponge

Cancer institute NSW

Ten primary and ten secondary entries will be selected at random. The first selected entries will receive an iPod. Another nine lucky entries will each receive a $40 iTunes voucher. Separate prize draws for primary and secondary schools. You must Michigan Department of Community Health 10. Club smoking complete all details on the online grading to be eligible for the competition.

NHS Health Scotland

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2009

2009 Results Thank you to everyone who took part in 2009. In New South Wales over 8,000 students submitted entries to The Critics’ Choice. The top three advertisements rated as the most effective in making students not want to smoke were, in order:

1. Separation produced by Quit Victoria 2. Tar produced by National Council Against Smoking South Africa 3. Mouth Cancer produced by Cancer Institute NSW. A student from each of the following schools was randomly drawn to receive an iPod. Primary

Secondary

Chester Hill Primary School

Normanhurst Boys High School

A student from each of the following schools was randomly drawn to receive two $20 iTune vouchers. Primary

Secondary

Padstow Park Public School Epping West Public School Lake Heights Public School Pagewood Public School Comboyone Public School Woollahra Public School Oakdale Public School Lilli Pilli Public School Padstow Heights Public School

Narrabeen Sports High School Jesmond Senior High Bulli High School Illawarra Senior College Bonalbo Central School Bradfield Senior College Terra Sancta College Terra Sancta College Barham High School

The following schools were randomly drawn to each receive a $300 sporting equipment grant. Primary Goolgowi Public School

Secondary Brisbane Water Secondary College Umina Campus

Gundagai Public School

Hennessy Catholic College

Turvey Park Public School

Newcastle School

For more information contact Julie Walker, Drug Prevention Programs by telephone on 02 9266 8455 or email [email protected]. Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 4: Teacher support

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS GUIDE These questions can be used as a guide to help stimulate discussion among students.

Which advertisements did you like best?

What made these advertisements stand out for you?

Which advertisement was your least favourite? Why?

What methods were used to persuade viewers to change attitudes or behaviour?

Which other advertisements would make a person not want to smoke?

Which advertisements had no effect on your attitude to smoking? Explain.

What was the main message in each advertisement?

Is it important to promote anti smoking messages? Explain.

Who or what would be a reliable source for more information on the health effects of smoking? Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Suggested teaching and learning activities’ guide Critical Quiz. Class forms five groups and view The Critics’ Choice 2010. Allocate two advertisements per group. The task is to create three questions that relate to the designated advertisements. Questions are to focus on the message, facts, graphic images etc, which are effective techniques the creator of the advertisement has used. Each group takes turns asking their questions to the whole class (other 4 groups). Scores are kept. Activity sheet 1: Critical Quiz

Discussion web - Most convincing advertisement. Use a copy of the student grading sheet for reference. Place pieces of chart paper titled with the various advertisements in different positions around the room. Ask students to select the advertisement they think is the most convincing in preventing young people from commencing smoking, and move to that sheet of paper. As a group list as many things as possible that makes it a convincing advertisement. Activity sheet 2: Discussion web

Exposition writing titled “Most convincing advertisement”. Using the Discussion web activity sheet as reference, jointly construct an exposition supporting the choice of the most convincing advertisement. An extension activity could be a class debate. Activity sheet 3: Exposition/argument scaffolding

Hot Seat activity. In small groups or pairs, students write a script for a Hot Seat activity relating it to second hand smoke (environmental tobacco smoke) or refusal skills. A volunteer reads a dilemma. A person stands either side of the Hot Seat. Their role is to be ‘for’ and ‘against’ thoughts of the volunteer. The volunteer listens to arguments given by the people on either side of the chair, and must make a decision based only on the arguments heard. Activity sheet 6: The Hot Seat and Hot Seat dilemmas and arguments. Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

- 12 Consider the consequences. Students create a consequence circle illustrating how smoking affects the individual, others and the community. As a class, combine the results and categorise the consequences. Activity sheet 4: Consider the consequences

Counteract the consequences. Students identify strategies that could be followed to counteract two of the consequences of smoking. Include the challenges and barriers to these strategies and suggest ways to overcome them. Activity sheet 5: Counteract the consequences.

Timeline. Students in groups develop a timeline to explain what series of events took place to arrive at ‘A smoke free Australia by 2020’. Students record the events at various places on the timeline. Activity sheet 7: Timeline

Looking closely at the ads. In pairs, students identify the message(s) conveyed in the advertisement. They discuss the techniques that have been used to convey the message(s) and record responses. Students form groups of four, exchanging worksheets and decide if they agree or disagree with the other pair’s analysis of the advertisement. The group then develops a statement about one message that they have received from the advertisement explaining the meaning of the message and why they think the message is effective. Activity sheet 8: Looking closely at the ads.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Suggested teaching and learning activities for advertisement Club Smoking

Storyboard order. Students view the advertisement Club Smoking two or three times. Students arrange the scene images into the frames in order and describe sequence of events. Discuss what is happening in the advertisement. Activity sheet 9 and 10: Cut and paste pictures and Place the scenes in order.

Every picture tells a story. Individuals or in pairs students describe what is happening in each of the scenes from the advertisement Club Smoking. Activity sheet 11: Every picture tells a story.

Get the message. Students identify three consequences of smoking from the advertisement Club Smoking. Students discuss and decide what they think the messages are in this advertisement. Activity sheet 12: Get the message.

Click on activity sheet for template

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 1

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CRITICAL QUIZ Advertisement title: _______________________________________ Question one _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Question two _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Question three _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 2

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Discussion Web

Most convincing advertisement Advertisement title: __________________________________________ Points for

Points against

Conclusion

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 3

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Exposition / Argument writing ____________________________ is the most convincing advertisement

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

Checklist ____ I clearly state my position in the introductory sentence. ____ I support my position or argument with relevant information and examples. ____ I tell the readers what they need to know to convince them of my position. ____ I use words that persuade or convince the readers to think and act in a certain way. _____ I end with a strong conclusion that is interesting and convincing.

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

Conclusion

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Information sheet

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The Hot Seat This activity involves a role play where a young person is faced with a dilemma, listens to the arguments for and against a course of action, and is asked to make a decision based on these arguments. The activity is followed by an adult facilitated discussion with the participants on the issues and implications for challenges, needs and fears of young people and parents around safety and wellbeing decisions.

METHOD A volunteer sits and faces the audience and reads a dilemma. A person stands either side of the Hot Seat. Their roles are to be the ‘for’ and ‘against’ thoughts of the volunteer. The volunteer listens to arguments given by the people on either side of the chair, and must make a decision based only on the arguments heard.

Example: First year of high school and you pass a group of Year 10 students who are smoking. They are friendly and offer you a cigarette. Do you take one?

For:

Against:

Just take it and try it—it won’t hurt

Smoking is stupid; you don't have to smoke to be cool

It’s just one cigarette and they will be so impressed You can’t get hooked on one You will fit in straight away with these guys You won’t have to buy them– just have one of theirs.

You don't even know how to smoke. You will cough up everywhere Who knows how long it takes to get addicted. It all starts with one Once you start smoking it costs you a fortune.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 4

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Hot Seat dilemmas and arguments

For

Against

Discussion questions: What advice would you give to a person in this situation? How realistic is situation like this? What are some other possible arguments that could be used in this situation? How could parents help young people to prepare for situations like this? Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Activity sheet 5

Consider the consequences

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 6

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Counteract the consequences ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

What strategies could be followed to counteract two of the consequences of smoking? What challenges or barriers might this represent? How could they be overcome?

________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Vocabulary. Counteract: hinder, defeat by opposite actions.

________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Conclusion

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 7

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Smoke free Australia by 2020!

2010

2020

In boxes develop a story to explain the above!

Put your own dates along the timeline.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Activity sheet 8

Looking closely at the advertisements. The effectiveness of the messages can be conveyed by what the camera shoots……... Music

Dialogue

Lighting

Things in background

Main message

Camera shot (What is happening? When?

TITLE

Where? What people are involved?)

Camera angles

Appearance of characters

Sound effects

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Special effects

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Activity sheet 9

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Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Activity sheet 10

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Activity sheet 11

Describe what you think is happening in each of the picture frames from the Club Smoking Advertisement.

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

Activity sheet 11 Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

Identify three consequences of smoking from the storyboard of the advertisement Club Smoking - 26

Activity sheet 12

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

What do you think are the messages in this advertisement?

Why do you think this advertisement is called Club Smoking?

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

- 27 Other anti-smoking resources •

Oxygen website (www.OxyGen.org.au) – Resources, curriculum resources

•

K-6 drug education resource, third edition (NSW Department of Education and Training).

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Healing Time: a Stages 2 and 3 drug education resource for Aboriginal students (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2003).

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Smoke screen: a smoking prevention resource, Stages 3 and 4 (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2004).

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Ideas Kit for Upper Primary Teachers (Smarter than Smoking Project - WA).

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Ahead of the Pack: A Smoking Prevention Resource for Use with Young People (Smarter than Smoking Project - WA).

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Drug Education K-12: Teacher Support Package (WA School Drug Education and Road Aware).

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Tobacco the Truth is Out There - Available for download on the OxyGen website, under the resources section Smoke-free schools (Victorian Department of Education and Training, 2004).

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 5: Background information on smoking Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and ill health in Australia, costing the community over $21 billion a year. Recent estimates suggest that about 50 per cent of regular tobacco users will die as a result of their smoking1. Most adults who smoke commence this behaviour as adolescents. The younger someone starts to smoke, the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco and consequently, the greater risk they have of ill health from smoking.2 More than 90 per cent of Australians who currently smoke began as teenagers: most new users are young people, many as young as 14, 13 and even 12 years of age.3 Nicotine exposure during adolescence produces immediate and long lasting changes in central noradrenaline and dopamine brain pathways. Scientists now believe that young brains are even more sensitive to nicotine than the brains of older people, and that young people may be more prone to becoming dependent on tobacco delivered nicotine. The vast majority of teenage smokers show signs of such dependence before they reach the age at which they are regarded as mature enough to be allowed to vote, drive or purchase alcohol.3 As smoking is generally adopted during the early to mid teens, the late primary and early secondary school years are a crucial time for education about issues and interventions. Trends in the prevalence of Australian current smokers* 12-17 year old4 5 1

Year Age 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

Male per cent 12 10 5 6 8 8 6 6 3

13 17 10 11 13 14 11 6 5

14 24 19 17 20 20 21 12 8

15 29 25 22 24 24 21 15 11

16 29 27 25 27 27 27 20 14

Female per cent 17 27 25 24 28 28 33 23 19

12 8 5 5 7 7 6 5 2

13 18 13 13 14 14 13 7 5

14 29 22 20 23 23 22 15 10

15 34 28 29 28 29 24 20 12

16 34 30 28 28 31 28 24 17

17 30 29 28 31 34 30 26 17

*A current smoker is defined as a person who has smoked a cigarette in the past seven days

Since the Australian School Students’ Alcohol and Drugs Survey (ASSAD) started in 1984, there have been several marked changes in the prevalence of smoking among adolescents. Smoking decreased between 1984 and 1990 and then started to rise again between 1990 and 1993. The prevalence of current smoking was stable between 1993 and 1996. Smoking prevalence began to decline after 1996, except for current smoking among 16 to 17 year olds, and this decline continued to 2005.1

A full copy of the report, Smoking behaviours of Australian Secondary Students in 2005 is available at www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/E1B705 90AD4EF56DCA257225000EDCE9/$File/mono59.pdf

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

- 29 General facts •

•

•

• • • • • • • • •

In 2008, in a survey comprising of, 7460 NSW students aged 12-17 years, 49.4% precent of males and 52.8% of females thought that smoking by celebrities encourages young people to smoke.6 In the same survey, the proportion of students who had smoked in the last 12 months decreased significantly between 1984 (42.6%) and 2008 (17.0%). The decrease has been significant since 2005 (21.0%).6 Of 17.2 million Australians aged 14 years or older, one in six smoked daily in 2007, a decline from one in four in 1993. Almost one-third had reduced the amount smoked in a day.7 Smoking can contribute to the development of depression.3 45,000 young people move from experimenting to regular smokers each year in Australia.3 Of the19 per cent of Australian adults smoking in 2004, almost 90 per cent of them began smoking as teenagers. 3 Around 80 per cent of Victorian smokers have tried to quit.8 Over the past 50 years more than 700,000 Australians are estimated to have died prematurely from tobacco use.9 10 More than 15,500 Australians will die over the next year from illnesses caused by tobacco11. For every Australian who dies in a motor vehicle accident, more than 10 die prematurely due to smoking.3 The younger someone starts to smoke, the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco and, consequently, the greater risk they have of ill health from smoking.2 More than 90 per cent of adults who smoke wish they never started.3 Percentage of Australian adult smokers Year 194512 196412 197413 198014 198914 199514 200114 200415 20077 12

Male 72 58 45 40 28 27 25 24 21

Female 26 28 30 39 27 23 21 21 18 13

1945–1969: adult is defined as 16+ years , 1974: adult is defined as 16+years , 1980–2001: adult is defined as 18+ 14 15 years ,2004: adult is defined as 18+ years The above table shows smoking rates over the last 50 years. Figures are taken from a few different surveys, which are not based on the same definitions of smoking, age ranges or calculation methods, so some figures cannot be directly compared.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative

- 30 References 1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

15.

White V, Hayman J. Smoking behaviours of Australian secondary students in 2005. Melbourne, Australia: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; June 2006. White V, Hayman J, Wakefield M, Hill D. Trends in smoking among Victorian secondary school students 1984–2002. Melbourne, Australia: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, The Cancer Council Victoria; December 2003. Ministerial Council on Drug Safety. National Tobacco Strategy, 2004-2009: The Strategy. Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy 2004. Hill D, White V, Effendi Y. Changes in the use of tobacco among Australian secondary school students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years. Changes in the use of tobacco among Australian secondary school students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years. 2002;22:156-163. White V, Hayman J. Smoking behaviours of Australian secondary students in 2002. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; 2004. National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No 54. Centre for Epidimiology and Research. New South Wales School Students Health Behaviours Survey: 2008 Report. Sydney: NSW Department of Health 2009. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: first results. Drug Statistics Series number 20.Cat. no. PHE 98. Canberra: AIHW 2008. Victoria. Q. More than 4 out of 5 Victorian smokers have tried to kick the habit. Quit Victoria Media Release 19 March, 2007. Accessed. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C, Jr. Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press; 1994. Ridolfo B, Stevenson C. The quantification of drug-caused mortality and morbidity in Australia, 1998. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2001. Drug Statistics Series no 7. Begg S, Vos T, Barker B, Stevenson C, Stanley L, Lopez AD. The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003. PHE 82. Canberra: Australian Institute Health and Welfare 2007. Woodward SD. Trends in cigarette consumption in Australia. Trends in cigarette consumption in Australia. 1984;14:405-407. Hill D, White V, Gray N. Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 1974-1986. Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 1974-1986. 1988;149:10-12. White V, Siahpush M, Bobevski I. How has the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian adults changed? Trends in smoking prevalence between 1980 to 2001. How has the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian adults changed? Trends in smoking prevalence between 1980 to 2001. 2003;12:67-74. Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer. Unpublished data. Unpublished data. 2007.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2010 - An ANYPAT initiative