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Teacher Resource: tobacco education for primary and secondary schools Free education resource - The Critics’ Choice 2012 Australian Network on Young People and Tobacco (ANYPAT).

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Foreword The Critics’ Choice is an initiative coordinated annually by the Australian Network on Young People and Tobacco (ANYPAT) as part of a strategy to reduce the prevalence of young people smoking tobacco. The Critics’ Choice will run in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania and New South Wales.

About the resource The resource contains five sections.

Section 1: A guide to using The Critics’ Choice provides teachers with a step by step guide on how to implement this anti smoking initiative. Section 2: Teacher and student instructions on how to access the student entry/grading form and teacher evaluation sheet online. Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2011 results Section 4: Teacher support Suggested teaching and learning activities to support the implementation of tobacco education, with a focus on critical literacy skills.

Section 5: Background information about smoking enables teachers to better answer questions about smoking and provides accurate and up to date information.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Contents Foreword

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About the resource

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Information for New Scheme Teachers in NSW

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Section 1: A guide to use The Critics’ Choice 2012

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Section 2: Teacher and student instructions

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Information on how to access the student entry/grading form and teacher evaluation sheet online Reference grading sheet for students

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Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2011 results

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Section 4: Teacher support

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Discussion questions guide for teachers

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Suggested teaching and learning activities guide

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Suggested teaching and learning activities Supporting a position Persuasive planner Drawing conclusions Comparisons Smoke free me Brochure

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Other anti smoking resources

Section 5: Background information on smoking

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General facts

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References

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Information for New Scheme Teachers For teachers accredited at Professional Competence with the NSW Institute of Teachers, completion of a professional learning activity utilising this resource can contribute time towards meeting Teacher Identified Professional Development. The professional learning activity can be in the form of in house training, workshop or demonstration of how this resource can be implemented into current drug education programs.

The NSW Professional Teaching Standards at Professional Competence addressed by sharing strategies or demonstrating this resource are:

Element

Aspect

Element 3 Teachers plan, assess and report for effective learning

Selection, development and use of materials and resources

Element 4 Teachers communicate effectively with their students

Teaching Strategies

Standard addressed 3.2.4 Select, develop and use a variety of appropriate resources and materials that engage students and support their learning.

4.2.5 Create, select and use a variety of appropriate teaching strategies and resources including ICT and other

How resource addresses element

The Critics’ Choice provides opportunities for teachers to develop or select appropriate teaching and learning activities that address the PDHPE syllabus outcomes and develop students critical literacy skills

The Critics’ Choice provides opportunities for teachers to select and tailor appropriate teaching and learning activities to ensure relevance of content.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 1: A guide to using The Critics’ Choice 2012 The Critics’ Choice 2012 comprises 10 anti smoking television advertisements from around the world. Each advertisement communicates the harmful effects of smoking. Students are invited to watch the advertisements and consider the different effects of smoking, including passive smoking and dependence. Students then select an overall winning advertisement they think is the most effective in preventing young people from starting to smoke or encouraging them to quit smoking.

Step 1: Introduce The Critics’ Choice to students Explain to the students that they will be watching 10 advertisements that have been produced around the world. They have the opportunity to be a TV critic by rating each advertisement. After watching and rating the advertisements there will be a classroom discussion.

Step 2: Distribute grading sheets to the students Each student needs a hard copy of the grading sheet for reference. The names of the advertisements and the organisations that produced them are stated on the grading sheet. A still image is shown on the grading sheet to help students identify each advertisement.

Step 3: Watch the DVD and rate the advertisements

NOTE: IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT TEACHERS VIEW THE ADVERTISEMENTS PRIOR TO USING WITH STUDENTS, TO DETERMINE SUITABILITY.

Watch the DVD right through with the students. You may like to replay advertisements for students to record their rating. On the grading sheet, students are to rate each advertisement by circling either ‘thumbs up’ for an effective advertisement or ‘thumbs down’ if it is not effective. See below. Effective

Not effective

Makes me not want to smoke

Doesn’t change my view on smoking

Students should record the rating for each advertisement on their grading sheet. After students have rated the advertisements, they are then required to choose one overall winner. The winning advertisement should be the one advertisement they think is most effective in preventing young people from starting to smoke or encouraging them to quit smoking.

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

6 Students can log on to the website and submit their entry online at www.OxyGen.org.au/nsw/criticschoice The online entry form asks students to select what they think is the most effective advertisement and give a short explanation supporting their choice.

Step 4: Teacher Support Refer to Section 4: Teacher support on page 10 for discussion guide and additional suggested teaching and learning activities.

How can your students and school receive prizes? Ten primary and ten secondary entry forms will be drawn at random. An iPod will be awarded to the first randomly drawn entry from a primary and a secondary student. The next nine responses drawn will be awarded $40 iTunes music vouchers.

Complete and submit the student entry forms online at www.OxyGen.org.au/nsw/criticschoice Three primary and three secondary teacher evaluation forms will be drawn at random. A sporting equipment grant to the value of $300 will be awarded to the teachers’ schools. Complete and submit the teacher evaluation form online at www.OxyGen.org.au/nsw/criticschoice

Separate prize draws for primary and secondary schools. Entries close 21 September 2012.

For more details phone 9266 8455 or email [email protected]

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Section 2: Teacher and student instructions

Complete your school details answer the questions and submit your entry. This will place your school in the draw to receive one of three sporting equipment grants to the value of $300. Go to

www.OxyGen.org.au/nsw/criticschoice

Separate prize draws for primary and secondary schools. Entries close on 21 September, 2012

Online entry forms! For more details phone 9266 8455 or email [email protected]

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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GRADING SHEET 1. Animal testing

USE FOR REFERENCE ONLY

6. Filthy habit

Complete Steps 1- 4 then fill out your details online to be eligible to receive prizes.

Step 1: Watch each advertisement and decide if it would make you not want to smoke. National Council Against Smoking South Africa Virginnia Tobacco Settlement Foundation

2. My smokingGirls and guys

Queensland Health

3. Smoking taxi

Step 2: Rate each advertisement by circling either ‘thumbs up’ for an effective advertisement or ‘thumbs down’ if it is not effective.

Step 3: Pick the most effective advertisement. ________________________________

7. Mick Roberts

Quit Victoria

8. Cough

Write the name of the advertisement here

Step 4: Why is it the most effective advertisement?

__________________________ ________________________________ Gluklicher Nichtraucher Germany

4. Will power

Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing

________________________________

9. Kid smokers

An iPod will be awarded to the first randomly drawn primary and secondary student response. A further nine responses will be randomly drawn, with these students each receiving a $40 iTunes voucher. You must complete all details on the online grading sheet to be eligible for the competition. Cancer institute NSW

5. Break the chain

Hawaii Department of Health

Enter ONLINE at

10. All the cigarettes

www.OxyGen.org.au/nsw/criticschoice Entries close Friday 21st September 2012

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing

Menzies School of Health Research

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Section 3: The Critics’ Choice 2011

Thank you to everyone who took part this year. In New South Wales over 5,000 students submitted entries to The Critics’ Choice. The top three advertisements rated as the most effective in making students not want to smoke were, in order: 1. Zita tears apart a family produced Cancer Council WA 2. Never give up produced by Quit Victoria 3. Sugar Sugar produced by Cancer Council WA. A student from each of the following schools was randomly drawn to receive an iPod.

Primary

Secondary

Dobroyd Point Public School

Tumbarumbah High School

A student from each of the following schools was randomly drawn to receive two $20 iTune vouchers.

Primary

Secondary

Wingham Public School

Holy Trinity College

Aberdeen Public School

Yeoval Central School

Niagara Park Public School

St John’s College

Largs Public School

St John’s College

Huskisson Public School

Dubbo College Delroy Campus

Drummoyne Public School

Macksville High School

Chatswood Public School

St Andrew’s Christian School

Beechwood Public School

Shoalhaven High School

Freemans Reach Public School

Elizabeth Macarthur High School

The following schools were randomly drawn to each receive a $300 sporting equipment grant.

Primary

Secondary

Gloucester Public School Wallsend Public School Raleigh Public School

The Forest High School Maclean High School Finley High School

For more information contact Julie Walker, Drug Prevention Programs by telephone on 02 9266 8455 or email [email protected] Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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Section 4: Teacher support

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS GUIDE These questions can be used as a guide to help stimulate discussion among students.

Which advertisements did you like best?

What made these advertisements stand out for you?

Which advertisement was your least favourite? Why?

What methods were used to persuade viewers to change attitudes or behaviour?

Which other advertisements would make a person not want to smoke?

Which advertisements had no effect on your attitude to smoking? Explain.

What was the main message in each advertisement?

Is it important to promote anti smoking messages? Explain.

Who or what would be a reliable source for more information on the health effects of smoking?

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Suggested teaching and learning activity guide. In the NAPLAN 2012 Writing test, students in Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 will be required to write a persuasive text. Students will be asked to respond to a topic by stating their point of view and seeking to persuade a reader to agree with it. Students can use the following templates with the anti smoking advertisements of The Critics’ Choice 2012 as stimulus material to develop and support their own point of view and create a range of persuasive writing activities preparing them for the NAPLAN 2012 Writing test.

Supporting a position. Students select one or a range of advertisements to support their position regarding smoking. Students use this template to organise and present their point of view aiming to convince a reader to agree with their opinion. Activity sheet one: Supporting a position

Persuasive Planner. Students can use this template to organise information gained from a range of advertisements from The Critics’ Choice and other resources to support their opinion statement. This is a more detailed template to allow for a greater range of reasons to convince a reader to agree and take a certain course of action. Activity sheet two: Persuasive Planner

Drawing conclusions from information. Students extract three facts from the information presented in one or a range of advertisements and write a conclusion about why someone should not begin to smoke. Activity sheet three: Drawing conclusions from information

The templates above could help students prepare for their side of an argument for a class/ school debate.

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Comparisons. Students select two advertisements they feel are the most effective in delivering the anti smoking message OR the two advertisements they feel are the least effective. Characteristics of the advertisements to compare are determined by the students and listed in the vertical grey boxes. Students watch the advertisements again and fill in the chart, comparing how they are alike and different. Students use this information to determine which advertisement is the most or least effective in delivering their anti smoking message? Activity sheet four: Comparisons

Smoke free me brochure. Students design their own anti smoking brochure. The two sheets can be pasted together and folded to make a brochure. Page one and two contains four sections which students have to develop the content. − Why do some young people smoke? − Ways of saying ‘NO!’ − Positive and negative aspects of smoking − Tips on how to stay smoke free. Students are encouraged to illustrate, colour and make their brochure as eye catching as possible. An alternative option would be for students to use Microsoft Office Publisher to design their own version of a brochure. Activity sheet five: Smoke free me brochure

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Supporting a position Opening statement states your position on the topic of smoking.

Reasons to support opening statement from a selected advertisement: • facts • statistics • examples

How does the advertisement make the viewer feel about the topic of smoking? How does the advertisement appeal to emotions? What loaded words are used?

What evidence or arguments support your reasons?

Restate position and your reasons. Appeal to your audience to make a decision.

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Persuasive Planner MY OPINION STATEMENT

What reasons support my opinion? To build your argument organise reasons from second most important then least important, finishing with most important.

REASON

REASON

REASON

Explain how your examples and facts support each of the reasons for your opinion.

EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE

CONCLUSION

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Drawing conclusions from information Choose three facts from the information presented in one or a range of advertisements. Use this information to write a conclusion about why someone should not begin to smoke.

Fact

Fact

Fact

Conclusion

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Comparisons Put the characteristics of the advertisements to compare, in the vertical grey boxes and the name of the selected advertisements in the horizontal grey boxes. Watch the advertisements again and fill in the chart, comparing how they are alike and/or different. Advertisement title

Advertisement title

Using the above information state which advertisement you think is the most or least effective in delivering their anti smoking message. Give reasons to support your answer.

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Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

What are the positive things about not smoking? What are the negative things about smoking?

19 Other anti-smoking resources •

Oxygen website (www.OxyGen.org.au) – Resources, curriculum resources

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K-6 drug education resource, third edition (NSW Department of Education and Training).

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Healing Time: a Stages 2 and 3 drug education resource for Aboriginal students (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2003).

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Smoke screen: a smoking prevention resource, Stages 3 and 4 (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2012).

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Ideas Kit for Upper Primary Teachers (Smarter than Smoking Project - WA).

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Ahead of the Pack: A Smoking Prevention Resource for Use with Young People (Smarter than Smoking Project - WA).

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Drug Education K-12: Teacher Support Package (WA School Drug Education and Road Aware).

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Tobacco the Truth is Out There - Available for download on the OxyGen website, under the resources section Smoke-free schools (Victorian Department of Education and Training, 2004).

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Section 5: Background information on smoking Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and ill health in Australia, costing the community over $21 billion a year. Recent estimates suggest that about 50 per cent of regular tobacco users will die as a result of their smoking1. Most adults who smoke commence this behaviour as adolescents. The younger someone starts to smoke, the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco and consequently, the greater risk they have of ill health from smoking.2 More than 90 per cent of Australians who currently smoke began as teenagers: most new users are young people, many as young as 14, 13 and even 12 years of age.3 Nicotine exposure during adolescence produces immediate and long lasting changes in central noradrenalin and dopamine brain pathways. Scientists now believe that young brains are even more sensitive to nicotine than the brains of older people, and that young people may be more prone to becoming dependent on tobacco delivered nicotine. The vast majority of teenage smokers show signs of such dependence before they reach the age at which they are regarded as mature enough to be allowed to vote, drive or purchase alcohol.3 As smoking is generally adopted during the early to mid-teens, the late primary and early secondary school years are a crucial time for education about issues and interventions. Trends in the prevalence of Australian current smokers* 12-17 year old5 6 2 Male Female Year Age 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 1984 10 17 24 29 29 27 8 18 29 34 34 30 1987 5 10 19 25 27 25 5 13 22 28 30 29 1990 6 11 17 22 25 24 5 13 20 29 28 28 1993 8 13 20 24 27 28 7 14 23 28 28 31 1996 8 14 20 24 27 28 7 14 23 29 31 34 1999 6 11 21 21 27 33 6 13 22 24 28 30 2002 6 6 12 15 20 23 5 7 15 20 24 26 2005 3 5 8 11 14 19 2 5 10 12 17 17 2008 2 3 6 8 12 15 1 3 8 12 12 13 *A current smoker is defined as a person who has smoked a cigarette in the past seven days

*Since the Australian School Students’ Alcohol and Drugs Survey (ASSAD) started in 1984, there have been several marked changes in the prevalence of smoking among adolescents. Smoking decreased between 1984 and 1990 and then started to rise again between 1990 and 1993. The prevalence of current smoking was stable between 1993 and 1996. Smoking prevalence began to decline after 1996, except for current smoking among 16 to 17 year olds, and this decline has continued to 20087 . A full copy of the report, Smoking behaviours of Australian Secondary Students in 2008 is available at http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/Publishing.nsf/content/sc hool08

Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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In 2008, in a survey comprising of, 7460 NSW students aged 12-17 years, 49.4% precent of males and 52.8% of females thought that smoking by celebrities encourages young people to smoke.7 In the same survey, the proportion of students who had smoked in the last 12 months decreased significantly between 1984 (42.6%) and 2008 (17.0%). The decrease has been significant since 2005 (21.0%).7 Of 17.2 million Australians aged 14 years or older, one in six smoked daily in 2007, a decline from one in four in 1993. Almost one-third had reduced the amount smoked in a day.8 Smoking can contribute to the development of depression.4 45,000 young people move from experimenting to regular smokers each year in Australia.4 Of the19 per cent of Australian adults smoking in 2004, almost 90 per cent of them began smoking as teenagers. 4 Around 80 per cent of Victorian smokers have tried to quit.8 Over the past 50 years more than 700,000 Australians are estimated to have died prematurely from tobacco use. 11 12 More than 15,500 Australians will die over the next year from illnesses caused by tobacco 13. For every Australian who dies in a motor vehicle accident, more than 10 die prematurely due to smoking. 4 The younger someone starts to smoke, the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco and, consequently, the greater risk they have of ill health from smoking.3 More than 90 per cent of adults who smoke wish they never started. 4 Percentage of Australian adult smokers Year 194512 196412 197413 198014 198914 199514 200114 200415 20077 20097

Male 72 58 45 40 28 27 25 24 21 20

Female 26 28 30 39 27 23 21 21 18 14

1945–1969: adult is defined as 16+ years12, 1974: adult is defined as 16+years 13, 1980–2001: adult is defined as 18+ years14,2004: adult is defined as 18+ years15 The above table shows smoking rates over the last 50 years. Figures are taken from a few different surveys, which are not based on the same definitions of smoking, age ranges or calculation methods, so some figures cannot be directly compared.

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14. 15. 16.

18Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. Stages and processes of selfchange of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. 1983;51(3):390395. White V, Hayman J. Smoking behaviours of Australian secondary students in 2005. Melbourne, Australia: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; June; 2006. White V, Hayman J, Wakefield M, Hill D. Trends in smoking among Victorian secondary school students 1984–2002. Melbourne, Australia: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, The Cancer Council Victoria; December; 2003. Ministerial Council on Drug Safety. National Tobacco Strategy, 2004-2009: The Strategy. Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy; 2004. 28Hill D, White V, Effendi Y. Changes in the use of tobacco among Australian secondary school students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years. Changes in the use of tobacco among Australian secondary school students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years. 2002;22(2):156-163. White V, Hayman J. Smoking behaviours of Australian secondary students in 2002. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; 2004. National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No 54. White V, Smith G. Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2008. Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; 2009. Centre for Epidimiology and Research. New South Wales School Students Health Behaviours Survey: 2005 Report. Sydney: NSW Department of Health; 2007. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: first results. Drug Statistics Series number 20.Cat. no. PHE 98. Canberra: AIHW; 2008. Victoria. Q. More than 4 out of 5 Victorian smokers have tried to kick the habit. Quit Victoria Media Release 19 March, 2007. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C, Jr. Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press; 1994. Ridolfo B, Stevenson C. The quantification of drug-caused mortality and morbidity in Australia, 1998. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2001. Drug Statistics Series no 7. Begg S, Vos T, Barker B, Stevenson C, Stanley L, Lopez AD. The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003. PHE 82. Canberra: Australian Institute Health and Welfare; 2007. 24Woodward SD. Trends in cigarette consumption in Australia. Trends in cigarette consumption in Australia. 1984;14:405-407. 25Hill D, White V, Gray N. Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 19741986. Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 1974-1986. 1988;149:10-12. 26White V, Siahpush M, Bobevski I. How has the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian adults changed? Trends in smoking prevalence between 1980 to 2001. How has the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian adults changed? Trends in smoking prevalence between 1980 to 2001. 2003;12:67-74. Free education resource- The Critics’ Choice 2012 - An ANYPAT initiative

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37Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer. Unpublished data. Unpublished data. 2007.

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