ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Book

1555

1 5 43

2014

XVIII

2 Ta b l e

Dedicated to All the Ligaments and Muscles, Instruments of Voluntary Motion Dependent on Our Judgment, Presenting Virtually All the Figures Proper to It Prior to the Chapters as Now Set Forth

361

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the F our th Tab le of Mu s cle s

182 220

Ta b l e

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Fir s t Tab le of Mu s cle s s

377

171 211

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the S econd Tab le of Mu s cle s

385

175 215

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Thir d Tab le of Mu s cle s

188 227

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the S e ve nth Tab le of Mu s cle s s

191 231

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

353

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Six th Tab le of Mu s cle s s

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

345

185 223

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

337

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Fif th Tab le of Mu s cle s s

1555

2014

1 5 43

369

391

179 217

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Ei ghth Tab le of Mu s cle s

193 233

Ta b l e

397

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Ninth Tab le of Mu s cle s s

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Te nth Tab le of Mu s cle s s

429

195 235

435

198 237

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the E le ve nth Tab le of Mu s cle s s 201 241

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the T we lf th Tab le of Mu s cle s s

437

438

204 243 440

Ta b l e

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Thir te e nth Tab le of Mu s cle s

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Fif te e nth Tab le of Mu s cle s s 211 251

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the Six te e nth Tab le of Mu s cle s s 212 253

a p p e n d ix

438

423

209 249

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

417

Inde x of Char ac te r s of the F our te e nth Tab le of Mu s cle s

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

411

1555

Ta b l e

Ta b l e

403

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43

XIX

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

205 247

Appe ndix to the Tab le s of Mu s cle s

–

–

Vesalius’ Numbering of the Muscles – – References to the Tables of Muscles in Book I of the Fabrica – –

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

1

456 456 457 457

442

444 444 444 444 446 446 446 447 447 447 448 448 448 449 449 449 449

What I s a Lig a me nt: It s F unc ti on and T ype s What Is a Ligament Use of Ligaments in Binding Together Substance of the Ligament Use of the Ligament in Containing Tendons Ligaments or Membranes Drawn across Depressions, against Which Muscles Are Bent Ligaments That Augment Bone Sockets The Use of Ligaments Which Function as Protection Interstitial Use of Ligaments The Use of Ligaments That Support the Construction of a Muscle What Ligaments Have Only One Use, and Which Have Several Varieties of Ligament: By Use, by Origin, by the Parts They Join By the Parts to Which They Are Joined By Substance By Location By Shape Common Features Viscous Humor of the Ligaments

457

213 254 215 215 215 215

457

216 256 216 257 216 257

Chapter

458

How the Varieties of Muscle Are Determined Classification by Substance By Origin By Insertion By the Part That Is Moved By Shape The Origin of the Word “Muscle” By Foramina By Magnitude By Color The Sinewy, Fleshy, and Purple Parts of Muscles Variation by Place By Type of Fibers By the Compaction of Fibers The Heads of Muscles By Bellies Impressions in Muscles By Tendons By the Task of Muscles in Opposing Each Other By Function

223 223 223 223 224 224 224 225 226 226 226 226 226 227 227 227 228 228 229 229

458 458

217 257 258 258 258 258 258 259 259

459 460 460 460 462 462 462 463 463

465 466

2

3 223 265

465

466 467 467

450

What I s a Mu s cle

452

Muscle and Its Composition according to Other Authorities in Anatomy 219 260 The Necessity of Ligament and Nerve in Muscle 219 260 Chapter Muscle Is by Nature Midway between Ligament and Nerve 220 260 A Blend of Ligament and Nerve 220 261 The Head of a Muscle; the End, Tail, or Tendon; 468 On the Numb e r of Mu s cle s the Belly 220 261 468 Enumeration Varies on the Basis of Fibers The Use of Flesh in Muscle 220 261 469 By Impressions The Need for Veins and Arteries in Muscle 220 261 469 By Heads Muscle Does Not Participate Equally in 469 By Tendons the Nature of Nerve and Ligament 220 261 470 By Mutual Attachments Nerve Is Not Mingled with Individual Muscles, as Had Been Thought by Other Professors of 470 By Combination Anatomy 221 262 Nerves Are Not Inserted or Otherwise Extended into the Heads of All Muscles, Even if a Nerve Is Inserted Elsewhere in Their Substance 221 262 Tendon Resembles a Ligament, Not a Nerve 221 263 The Unfleshed Head of a Muscle Is Not Always Smaller Than the Tendon 221 263

452 452 453 453 453 453 454

455

455 455

222 265

On the Var ie tie s of Mu s cle

464

452

263 263 264 264 264 264

458

463

Chapter

222 222 222 222 222 222

255 255 255 255

216 256 216 256

217 217 217 217 217 218 218

Muscle Heads Most Free of Flesh Have No Less Sensation Than the Tendon What Nerves Truly Supply to Muscles How Muscles Perform Their Function What Is Truly a Muscle Flesh Is the Principal Substance of Muscle Fat Is Present Everywhere in Flesh When Tendons Are Given to Muscles; Muscles without Tendons

1555

456

1 5 43

2014

1555

1 5 43

2014

XX

265 265 265 266 267 267 267 269 269 269 270 270 270 271 271 272 272 272 274 274

218 259

4

229 274 229 230 230 230 231 231

274 275 275 276 276 276

Chapter

5

480 480 481 481

471

471 471 472 472 472 472 472 472 473 473 474 474 474 475 475 475

On the S kin , the Cuticle , the Me mb r ane Pl ace d b e ne ath the S kin throughout the Body, and the Fat Lo c ate d b e t we e n the S kin and the Fle s hy Me mb r ane

481 481 481

Siphon 236 – Needles 236 202 Thread 236 202 Saw 237 – Scissors 237 202 Mallet 237 202 Straws 237 202

231 277

What Is Skin 231 277 Its Substance 231 277 Chapter Varieties of Skin; Attachment 231 277 The Supply of Nerves 231 277 Softness 231 277 482 On the Mu s cle That Move s the Motion 231 277 S kin of the F or e he ad Hair 232 277 Openings in the Skin 232 277 482 Movable Parts of the Human Skin What Is Cuticle 232 278 482 Muscular Substance of the Forehead Veins, Arteries, and Nerves Go to the Skin; 482 The Series of Fibers It Is Capable of Sensation 232 278 482 Transverse Incisions Should Not Be Made Fleshy Membrane 232 278 in the Forehead Why This Membrane Is Called Fleshy 232 279 The “Fleshy Rag” 233 279 Adipose Tissue or Fat 233 279 Where Fat Is More Abundant 233 279 On Which Animals Fat Is More Abundant 233 280

8/7

Chapter

Chapter

6

H ow the Nat ur e of the Cuticle , S kin , Fat, and Fle s hy Me mb r ane S hould B e Ob s e rve d in Di s s ec ti on 234 280

7/–

478

478 478 479 480 480 480 480

On the In s trume nt s That C an B e Ob taine d f or Pe r f or min g Di s s ec ti on s 237 [235] 200

237 282

9/8

483

Two Methods First Method Second Method

483

237 282 238 283 238 283

10/9

484

On the Mu s cle s of the E ye lid s

238 283

484

The Make-Up of the Eyelids Two Muscles of the Eyelid Why It Was Necessary for the Upper Eyelid to Move One Muscle The Other It Is Difficult to Know the Muscles Moving the Eyelids Dissection of the Muscles Moving the Eyelid

238 283 238 283

484 [This chapter was moved to Bk. I as Ch. 41 in the 1555 edition]

237 – 237 282 237 282

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle That Move s the S kin of the F or e he ad 237 282

Chapter

Chapter

237 282

483

483 476

1555

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43

XXI

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

484 484 485 485

Legend for the Figure in the Seventh 486 Chapter 237 [235] 200 Razors 236 201 Small Pen Knives 236 201 Common Knives 236 201 Boxwood Knives 236 201 Hooks 236 201 Styli 236 202

238 283 238 283 238 283 239 284 239 –

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

486

–/10

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the E ye lid s

Chapter

492

– 284 492 493 493

Chapter

11

494 494

495 487

On the Mu s cle s of the E ye

487

Legend of the Preceding Figures, and Index of Characters of the Same Eyes Must Be Moved by Voluntary Motion The Motions of the Eyes The First Six Muscles Fat between the Muscles of the Eyes The Seventh Muscle of the Eye The Function of the Seventh Muscle APPEND I X : Revised Version of the Section “The First Six Muscles” The First Four Muscles Moving the Eye Fifth and Sixth Muscles

488 488 488 489 489 489 490 490 490

239 285 495

239 240 240 240 240 240 241

285 285 – – 286 286 286

– 285 – 285 – 286

495

496

496

12

497 497 497

491

491 491

On the Di s s ec ti on of the E ye Mu s cle s Dissection in an Eye Resected from the Skull, and Method of Removing the Eye Dissection of the Eye’s Muscles while It Is Still Attached to the Skull

497

1555

13

On the Mu s cle s of the Che e k s , Lip s , and Al ae of the N o s e The First Muscle on a Side, or the First and Second of All Together The Ears Can Be Moved in Some People Second Muscle of the Other Side, or 3rd and 4th of Them All The Skin of the Cheeks Has No Muscle Make-Up of the Lips; Four Intrinsic Muscles of the Lips, or the Third and Fourth on Opposite Sides, or the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th on All Sides The Muscle of the Nasal Alae, the 5th Here on One Side, or the 9th and 10th of All Together The 6th on One Side, or the 11th and 12th of the Whole Set Epilogue on the Muscles

Chapter

496

Chapter

1 5 43

2014

1555

1 5 43

2014

XXII

242 288 242 288 242 288 243 289 243 –

244 290 244 290 244 290 244 291

14

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Che e k s , Lip s , and Al ae of the N o s e

245 291

Dissection of the First and Second Muscles of the Twelve in the Preceding Chapter A Suitable Cadaver for Dissection of the Muscles Dissection of Muscles 5, 6, 7, and 8 The Spongy Substance of the Lips Dissection of Muscles 9 and 10 Dissection of Muscles 11 and 12, 3 and 4

245 245 245 245 245 246

291 291 292 292 292 292

241 287 241 287 Chapter

241 287

498

498 498 498 498 500 501 501 502

15

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Lowe r M a xill a The Lower Maxilla Moves; the Upper Does Not Motions of the Lower Maxilla Names of the Maxillary Muscles The Masseter or First Muscle on Each Side The Temporal Muscle, or the Second Muscle of Either Side The Muscle Hiding in the Mouth: The Third Muscle on Each Side Functions of the Masseter, the Temporal Muscle, and the Muscle Hiding in the Mouth Muscle Depressing the Jaw: The 4th on Either Side, or 7th and 8th of the Total

246 292 246 292 246 293 246 – 246 – 247

–

248

–

248

–

249 295

503 503 503 503 504 504 504 505 505

APPEND I X A : Revised Version of the Description of the Temporal Muscle Motions of the Lower Maxilla, Performed by Eight Muscles First Muscle on Each Side: The Temporal The Second, or Masseter APPEND I X B : Revised Description of the Masseter and Pterygoid Muscles Third Muscle, Which Lies Hidden in the Mouth Function of the Muscles Described So Far APPEND I X C : Revised Ending of Chapter 15, on the Digastric Muscles Ligaments of the Maxillary Joint

– 293 – 293 – 293 – 293 – 294 – 295 – 295

Chapter

511

511 511 511 511

506

506 506 506 507 507 507 507

252 299

Dissection of the Second Pair The First Pair The Third Pair The Fourth Pair

252 252 252 252

16 249 296

Dissection of the Temporal Muscle The Masseter The Muscle Hiding in the Mouth The Muscle Drawing the Maxilla Downward Oblique Motion of This Muscle Ligaments of the Maxillary Joints Muscular Outlines in the Temples

249 250 250 250 250 250 250

296 297 297 297 – – –

On the Mu s cle s of the Ton gue

512

Index of All Characters in This and the Two Preceding Figures 253 300 The Size of the Tongue Is Just; Its Need for Muscles 253 301 Knowledge of the Tongue Muscles Is Difficult 253 301 A Loosely Knit Structure in the Tongue Muscles 254 – Components of the Part of the Tongue Visible before Dissection 254 301 The First Two Manifest Muscles of the Tongue 254 302 Third and Fourth Muscles 254 302 Fifth and Sixth 254 302 Seventh and Eighth 254 302 Ninth 254 302 The Muscular Substance of the Part of the Tongue Visible before Dissection 255 303

513 513 513 514 514 514 515 515

508 508 508 509 509 509 510

515

17

On the Mu s cle s of the Hyoid B one Common and Peculiar Muscles Attached to This Bone First Pair of Peculiar Muscles, or the 1st on Either Side The Second Pair The Third Pair The Fourth Pair The Fourth Pair Does Not Assist Motions of the Scapulae Muscles Not Belonging to the Hyoid Bone

250 297 Chapter

250 297 251 251 251 251

297 298 298 298

251 298 251 299

19

512

514

508

299 299 299 299

– 296 – 296

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Lowe r M a xill a

Chapter

18

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s B e longin g to the Hyo id Bone

Chapter

Chapter

1555

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43

XXIII

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

516

516 516 516 516 517

252 300

20

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s of the Ton gue Dissection of the Fifth and Sixth Muscles The Ninth Muscle Seventh and Eighth; Third and Fourth; First and Second Dissection of the Remaining Body of the Tongue Ligament Attaching the Tongue to the Throat

255 303 255 303 255 303 255 304 255 304 255 303

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

21

Chapter

528

528 528 528 518

On the Mu s cle s of the L arynx

518

Legend to the Thirteen Figures of the Twenty-First Chapter and Their Characters There Are Twelve Muscles Belonging to the Larynx Intrinsic Muscles 1, 2, 3, and 4 Intrinsic Muscles 5, 6, 7, and 8 Intrinsic Muscles 9 and 10 Intrinsic Muscles 11 and 12 Epilogue: The Intrinsic Muscles Common Muscles 1 and 2 Common Muscles 3 and 4 Function of the Common Muscles Two Muscles of the Operculum of the Larynx Ligaments of the Larynx

521 521 522 522 523 523 523 523 524 524 524

256 304 256 305 258 258 259 259 259 259 259 259 260 260 260

306 306 307 307 308 – 308 308 308 308 309

529 530 531 533 534 535 536 536 537 537

Chapter

22

538

538 525

525 525 525 526 526 527 527

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s of the L arynx Dissection of the 1st and 2nd Common Muscles Dissection of Common Muscles 3 and 4 The Two Muscles of the Operculum of the Larynx How to Observe the Cleft or Lingula of the Larynx Dissection of Intrinsic Muscles 1, 2, 3, and 4 Intrinsic Muscles 9 and 10 Intrinsic Muscles 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 12

260 309 260 309 260 309

538 539 539

261 309 261 261 261 261

310 310 310 310

540 540 541 541 541

23

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Ar m

462 [262] 311

The Order of Proximity Is Not the Same as That of Dissection 462 [262] The Number of Motions of the Arm 462 [262] The First of the Muscles Moving the Arm 462 [262] The Muscle Adducting the Arm to the Chest, Which Is Prominent in the Ape 263 The Muscle That Moves the Scapula Forward Is Mistaken by Galen for a Mover of the Arm 263 Second of the Muscles Moving the Arm 264 Third of the Muscles Moving the Arm 265 Fourth of the Muscles Moving the Arm 265 Another Muscle Commonly Present in Apes and Dogs 266 The Walls of the Axillae 267 Fifth of the Muscles Moving the Arm 267 Sixth of the Muscles Moving the Arm 266 [268] The Seventh 266 [268]

Chapter

1555

1 5 43

2014

1555

1 5 43

2014

XXIV

311 311 311 312 313 314 315 315 316 – 317 318 318

24

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Ar m How the Body Can Stay Erect in the Dissection of These Muscles The Fleshy Membrane in the Axillae of Monkeys and Dogs Dissection of the First Muscle Moving the Arm Dissecting the Second of the Muscles Moving the Scapula to Improve Access to the Remaining Muscles of the Arm Dissection of the Second Muscle Moving the Arm Dissection of the Fourth Muscle Dissection of the Third Muscle Seventh Muscle Sixth Muscle

266 [268] 318 266 [268]

–

266 [268] 318 269 319

269 319 270 270 270 270 271

320 320 321 321 321

542 542 543 543 543 543

25

On the Lig a me nt s of the Joint of the Hume ru s with the Sc apul a Ligaments Connecting the Humerus to the Scapula: The Ligament Common to All Joints Three Intrinsic Ligaments: The First The Second The Third Ligament Reaching from the Inner Process of the Scapula to the Upper Dissection of the Ligaments

Chapter

551

271 322

551 551

271 271 271 271

322 322 322 322

552 552 553 553

271 322 272 322

554 554 554 554

555 Chapter

544

544 544 546 547 547 547 548 548 548

26

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Sc apul a

555

Motions of the Head Muscles to Be Discussed in This Chapter The First Pair of Muscles Moving the Head or the First Vertebra The Second Pair Is Quite Various Function of the First and Second Pairs The Third Pair The Fourth Pair The Fifth Pair The Sixth Pair Muscles Inserted from the Pectoral Bone and Clavicles into the Head, Numbers 13 and 14 in This Chapter Function of Muscles 13 and 14 Muscles Hidden beneath the Gullet Responsible for Flexion of the Head

Chapter

Chapter

549 549 549 549 549

27

557

557

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Sc apul a

275 327

The First Muscle The Second Muscle The Third Muscle The Fourth Muscle Freeing the Clavicle from the Scapula

275 275 275 275 275

327 327 327 327 327

558 558 558 558

276 328 276 328 276 – 276 277 277 277 278 278 278

328 329 330 330 330 330 330

278 331 278 331 278 331

29

First of the Muscles Moving the Scapula 272 323 Second of the Muscles Moving the Scapula 272 323 The Muscle Raising the Scapula That Is Found in the Ape 274 325 556 Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s The Third Muscle of Those Raising the Ape’s Movin g the He ad Scapula 274 325 556 Dissection of the First Pair A Fourth Muscle Which Apes Have but Humans 556 Second Pair Do Not 274 325 556 Third and Fourth Pair Third of the Muscles Moving the Human Scapula 274 326 556 Fifth and Sixth Pair The Muscle Wrongly Placed by Galen among 556 Thirteenth and Fourteenth Muscles Those Raising the Scapula 274 326 Fourth of the Muscles Moving the Human Scapula 275 326 The Muscle by Which the Arm Is Lowered Does Not Move the Scapula 275 326 Chapter

549

28

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the He ad

272 323

1555

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43 Chapter

542

XXV

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

279 332 279 279 279 279 279

332 332 332 332 332

30

On the Lig a me nt s of the He ad and the Fir s t and S econd Ce rvic al Ve r te b r ae Ligament Attaching the First Vertebra to the Head Ligament Attaching the Second Vertebra to the Head Ligament Transversely Covering the Dens Ligament Binding the First Vertebra to the Second Dissection of the Ligaments

279 332 280 333 280 333 280 333 280 333 280 333

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

31

On the Mu s cle s of the Ab d ome n 280 334

559

A Brief Count of the Eight Abdominal Muscles The Obliquely Descending Muscle The Obliquely Ascending Muscle The Rectus Muscles A Part of the Rectus Muscle Which Is Present in the Apes Transverse Muscles Use of the Abdominal Muscles

560 561 561 562 562

281 281 281 282

334 334 335 335

569

569 569 569

32

564 564 564 565

565 565 566

566 566

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s of the A b d ome n Two Ways of Dissecting These Muscles Dissection from the Muscles’ Origin: The Obliquely Descending Muscle The White Line in the Abdomen; the Obliquely Ascending Muscle Connection of the Sinewy, Thin Tissue of the Obliquely Ascending Muscle with the Transverse Muscle Dissection of the Rectus Muscle Dissection of the Transverse Muscle Another Method of Dissecting the Abdominal Muscles, toward Their Beginnings: Obliquely Descending Muscle The Obliquely Ascending Muscle Rectus and Transverse Muscles

570

570

283 337

571

283 337

571

283 337 284 338

284 338 284 338 284 339

571 572 572 573 573 574 574 574

284 339 285 339 285 339

575 575 576 577 577 579

Chapter

567

567 568

286 341

How the Contents of the Peritoneum Are Removed 286 341 Dissection of the Male Muscle 286 341 Dissection of the Female Muscle 286 341

282 336 282 336 283 336

570 564

34

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s of the Te s te s

Chapter

Chapter

1555

1 5 43 Chapter

559

559

2014

1555

1 5 43

2014

XXVI

33

On the Mu s cle s of the M ale Te s te s and the Fe m ale Ute ru s

285 340

Muscle of the Male Testis Muscles of the Female Uterus

285 340 286 340

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Thor a x

580 580 580 581 581 581 582

286 341

Motion of the Thorax Is Rightly Voluntary 286 341 The Number of Muscles Moving the Thorax 287 342 First of the Muscles Moving the Thorax 287 342 The Second Muscle 287 342 The Third and Fourth Muscles – but the Third Is Simian 287 342 The Muscle Numbered Fourth, but Third in the Human Thorax 288 343 The Fifth Muscle in Dogs, Missing in the Human Thorax 288 343 The Fourth Human Muscle, the Sixth in Apes 288 344 The Fifth Human, Seventh Simian Muscle 289 344 Sixth Muscle of Humans, the Eighth of Apes 289 344 The Thirty-Four Intercostal Muscles on Each Side 289 345 Outer Intercostal Muscles 289 345 The Inner Intercostals 290 345 The Function of the Intercostal Muscles 290 346 The Transverse Septum, the Muscle Common to Either Side 290 346 Foramina of the Septum 291 347 Function of the Septum 291 348 Enumeration of Muscles Moving the Thorax, and When They Perform Their Function 292 349

Chapter

580

35

36

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Thor a x Dissection of the First Muscle Second Muscle Dissection of the Third Muscle of the Dog; the Third Human Muscle, the Fourth Canine The Fifth Human or Seventh Canine Muscle The Fourth Human or Sixth Canine Muscle The Transverse Septum The Sixth Human or Eighth Canine Muscle

293 350 293 350 293 350 293 293 294 294 294

350 350 351 351 351

Chapter

37 Chapter

583

On the Lig a me nt s of the Thor a x

593 594

584

584 585 585 585 586 586 586 587 587 588 589 590

How Many Motions the Backbone Performs The Sixteen Muscles Moving the Back The First and Second Muscle, or First Pair Third and Fourth Muscles Fifth and Sixth Muscles The Function of Muscles 3, 4, 5, and 6 Seventh and Eighth Muscles Ninth and Tenth Muscles What Muscles Occur in the Front of the Lumbar Vertebrae Eleventh and Twelfth Muscles Thirteenth and Fourteenth Muscles Fifteenth and Sixteenth Muscles

Chapter

591

591 591 591 592 592

38

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Back

595 595

Dissection of the First and Second Muscles Third and Fourth; Ninth and Tenth Muscles Dissection of the Fifth and Sixth Muscles; Seventh and Eighth Muscles Eleventh and Twelfth Muscles Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Muscles

On the Lig a me nt s of the Ve r te b r ae

295 295 295 296 296 296 296 287 [297]

353 353 353 354 354 355 355 355

287 [297] 288 [298] 288 [298] 299

355 356 357 358

Chapter

596

597 597 597

598

299 358 299 358 299 359 300 359 300 359

41

On the Mu s cle Connec te d to the Middle of the Pal m and the Inne r S kin of the Fin ge r s by It s Nar row E nd What Kind of Inner Skin Needed to Be Provided for the Hand The Muscle Whose Tendon Spreads Out Is Sometimes Absent Fat Is Located between the Skin and the Tendon

Chapter

299 358

300 359

Ligaments Connecting the Vertebral Bodies 300 359 Ligaments in Places Other Than the Vertebral Bodies 301 361 The Special Ligaments of Dogs 301 361 Dissection of the Ligaments 302 361

295 352

39

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Back

40

294 352 593

Chapter

1555

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43

XXVII

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

302 362 302 362 303 363 303 363

42

On the Fle s hy Sub s tance L aid ove r the Inne r R egi on of the Fin ge r s , The ir Ro ot s , and the Middle of the Pal m

303 363

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

600

600 600 600 601 602 603 603 604 605 605 605 606

606 607 608 608 609 610 610

611 612 612 612 613 613 614 615 615 615

43

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Fin ge r s

Chapter

617

304 365

1555

1 5 43

2014

1555

1 5 43

2014

XXVIII

44

On the Mu s cle s Producin g Moti on s of the Wr i s t

Motions of the Fingers 304 365 617 Motions of the Wrist; First Muscle 28 Muscles Moving the Fingers 304 365 617 Second Muscle The First Muscle 305 365 618 Third Muscle The Second Muscle 305 366 618 Fourth Muscle Transit of the Tendons of the Second Muscle 619 Function of the Muscles through the Tendons of the First 306 366 619 The Wrist Is Not Pronated and Supinated The Third Muscle 306 367 by Its Own Motion The Third Muscle in Caudate Apes 306 – Many Things Are Set Forth Here Contrary to the Views of Galen 306 368 Nature’s Clever Design in the Muscles Flexing the Fingers 307 – Chapter The Use of Transverse Ligaments 308 370 Use of the Mucous Membranes 308 370 The Thirteen Muscles That Come after the Third in Order: The Eight That Serve the Four 620 On the Mu s cle s Pronatin g Fingers 308 370 and Supinatin g the R adiu s The Two That Serve the First Bone of the Thumb 308 371 The Three That Serve the Second Bone of 620 Four Muscles Specifically Moving the Thumb 308 371 the Radius Three Muscles Flexing the Second Bone of 620 First Muscle the Thumb That Were Unknown to Galen 309 372 620 Second Muscle Seventeenth of the Muscles Moving the Fingers 309 372 621 Third Muscle The Eighteenth Muscle 310 373 621 Fourth Muscle The Nineteenth Muscle 310 373 Three Muscle Roots Proceeding from the Longitude of the Ulna, of Which the Third Is the Nineteenth 310 373 Tendons and Function of Muscles 19, 18, and 17 310 – The Twentieth Muscle 311 374 Chapter The Twenty-First Muscle 311 374 The Twenty-Second Muscle, Which Is Enumerated Together with the Twenty-Third 311 374 622 On the Mu s cle s Fle xin g and The Muscle Numbered Twenty-Third in This E x te ndin g the F or e ar m Chapter Does Not Serve Motions of the Finger 312 375

214 [314] 378 214 [314] 214 [314] 214 [314] 214 [314] 215 [315]

378 378 378 379 379

215 [315] 379

45

215 [315] 380 215 [315] 215 [315] 216 [316] 216 [316] 216 [316]

380 380 380 380 381

46

Function of the 22nd and 21st Muscles 312 The Six Remaining Muscles Moving the Fingers 312 Of the 29 Muscles Described, 28 Provide Motions of the Fingers 213 [313] A Few Things about the Insertions of Tendons 213 [313] Recapitulation of the Muscle Insertions 213 [313]

375 376 376 376 377

622 622 623 624 625 625

625 626 626

Either Five, or Four, or Three Muscles Moving the Forearm First of the Flexors Second or Posterior of the Flexors Function of the First and Second Muscles First of the Extensors The Fleshy Part by Which the First of the Extensor Muscles Is Augmented, Which May Be Called the Second Third of the Extensors How the Muscles Moving the Lower Foreleg Are Arranged in Dogs Notes on Galen’s Anatomical Writings

216 [316] 381 216 [316] 217 [317] 217 [317] 218 [318] 218 [318]

381 381 382 383 383

219 [319] 384 219 [319] 384 219 [319] 384 219 [319] 385

Chapter

47 Chapter

627

627 627 628 628 629

On the Lig a me nt s of the Ar m Nature of the Ligaments in the Arm Ligaments Containing Tendons like Rings Membranes Attached to Muscles Ligaments Attaching Bones Together Ligaments That Enter Into the Make-Up of Muscles

220 [320] 220 [320] 220 [320] 220 [320]

385 385 386 386

221 [321] 387

638

638 639 640 640 640

630

630 630 630 631 631 631 632 633 633 633 634 634 634 635 635 635

635 635 636

636 636

49

220 [320] 385

639

Chapter

1555

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43

XXIX

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

On the Mu s cle s Intr in s ic to the Pe ni s

225 [325] 392

Index of the Table of the Forty-Ninth Chapter, and Its Figures and Characters Make-Up of the Penis The First Two Muscles of the Penis Third and Fourth Muscles Function of the Muscles Dissection

226 [326] 226 [326] 226 [326] 227 [327] 227 [327] 227 [327]

392 393 393 394 394 394

48

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s and Lig a me nt s of the Ar m; H ow M any Mu s cle s Ar e Sit uate d in E ach Pl ace How Many Muscles Are in the Hand In the Inner Side of the Forearm In the Outer Side of the Forearm In the Upper Arm The Negligence of Spectators at Dissections Flaying the Arm Dissection of the Muscle That Produces the Widening Tendon Dissection of the First and Second Muscles Moving the Wrist First of the Muscles Moving the Fingers The Second Muscle Dissection of the Third of the Muscles Moving the Fingers Transverse Ligaments on the Outer Side of the Forearm Third of the Muscles Moving the Wrist Dissection of the 17th and 18th Muscles Moving the Fingers Dissection of the Nineteenth The 21st and 22nd of the Muscles Moving the Fingers, and That Which Is Numbered 23rd in Their Description Fourth of the Muscles Moving the Wrist Dissection of the Muscles Moving the Radius The Four Muscles Adducting the Four Fingers to the Thumb, and Others Occupying the Hand Dissection of the Remaining Ligaments Dissection of the Muscles Moving the Forearm

Chapter

221 [321] 387 221 [321] 221 [321] 221 [321] 222 [322] 222 [322] 222 [322]

387 387 387 387 – –

641

641 641 641

50

On the Mu s cle of the Neck of the B l adde r , Pr e ve ntin g the Involuntary E s c ape of Ur ine from the B l adde r

227 [327] 394

Muscle of the Male Bladder Muscle of the Female Bladder Function of the Muscle

227 [327] 395 227 [327] 395 227 [327] 395

222 [322] 388 223 [323] 389 223 [323] 389 223 [323] 389

Chapter

223 [323] 390 223 [323] 390 224 [324] 390 224 [324] 390 224 [324] 390

643

643 644

51

On the Mu s cle s of the S tr aight Inte s tine

228 [328] 396

Muscles That Lift the Anus The Muscle Closing the Intestine in a Ring

228 [328] 396 229 [329] 397

224 [324] 391 224 [324] 391 224 [324] 391

224 [324] 391 224 [324] 391 225 [325] 391

Chapter

645

52

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s of the Neck of the B l adde r and the Anu s

229 [329] 397

ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

Chapter

646

646

647

647 648 648 649 649 650 653 654 654 655 656

656 657

658 658 658 659 659 659 659

Chapter

662

230 [330] 398

1555

56

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Thi gh

238 [338] 409

The Opinion of Galen in Book 3 of 662 Motions of the Thigh 238 [338] 409 De usu partium regarding the Muscles 662 First of the Muscles Moving the Thigh 238 [338] 409 Moving the Lower Leg 230 [330] 398 662 Second of the Muscles Moving the Thigh 238 [338] 410 Galen’s Opinion and a True Description of 663 The Third Muscle 239 [339] 410 the Muscles Given in Book 2 of 663 The Fourth Muscle 239 [339] 410 De anatomicis administrationibus 230 [330] 399 664 The Fifth Muscle 239 [339] 410 Motions of the Lower Leg 230 [330] 399 665 Function of the First Five Femoral Muscles 240 [340] 412 First of the Muscles Moving the Tibia 231 [331] 400 665 The Sixth Muscle 240 [340] 412 The Second Muscle 231 [331] 400 666 The Seventh Muscle 241 [341] 412 The Third Muscle 231 [331] 401 666 The Eighth Muscle 241 [341] 412 The Fourth Muscle 232 [332] 401 666 Function of the Sixth, Seventh, and What Muscle Galen Calls the Fifth, and Eighth Muscles 241 [341] 413 Which One Is Truly the Fifth 232 [332] – 667 The Ninth Muscle 241 [341] 413 The Sixth Muscle 234 [334] 404 667 The Tenth Muscle 241 [341] 413 The Seventh Muscle 235 [335] 405 667 Fleshy Portions Extended along the The Eighth Muscle 235 [335] 405 Tenth Muscle 242 [342] 414 The Ninth Muscle 235 [335] 406 668 How Many Muscles Can Be Established APPEND I X : Revised Version of the as Movers of the Femur 242 [342] 414 Description of the Fifth Muscle Moving the 668 APPEND I X A : Addition regarding the Tibia – 402 Function of the Rectus Femoris Muscle Fifth Muscle Moving the Tibia – 402 Moving the Lower Leg – 413 Galen’s View about the Fifth Muscle – 403 668 Whether Some Muscles Flex the Femur Incidentally – 413 669 APPEND I X B : Revised Ending for Chapter 56 – 414 669 In What Order Galen Arranged These Muscles in Book 2 of De anatomicis administrationibus – 415

54

Di s s ec ti on of the Nine Mu s cle s Movin g the Lowe r Leg

236 [336] 406

Dissection of the Sixth Muscle The First Muscle Muscles That Originate from the Hip Bone Third and Fourth Muscles Fifth Muscle Ninth Muscle Seventh and Eighth Muscles

236 [336] 236 [336] 236 [336] 236 [336] 236 [336] 237 [337] 237 [337]

Chapter

– 407 407 407 407 407 408

670

670 670 670 670 671 671 671 671

Chapter

661

1 5 43

2014

53

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Lowe r Leg

Chapter

658

1555

1 5 43

2014

XXX

55

On the Mu s cle Hidde n b e hind the Kne e , Wron gly Thought by G ale n to B e the Chie f Fle xor of the Tib ia

671

237 [337] 408

57

Di s s ec ti on of the Mu s cle s Movin g the Fe mur

242 [342] 415

Dissection of the First Muscle The Second Muscle The Third Muscle; the Fourth The Fifth Muscle The Sixth Muscle The Seventh Muscle The Eighth Muscle Ninth and Tenth Muscles Inspection of Certain Ligaments

242 [342] 242 [342] 242 [342] 243 [343] 243 [343] 243 [343] 243 [343] 243 [343] 243 [343]

415 415 415 416 416 416 416 416 416

672 672 672

58

On the Hidde n Te nd on At tache d to the S kin on the S ole of the F o ot

Chapter

686

243 [343] 416

The Order to Be Followed in Describing the Remaining Muscles 243 [343] 416 The Great Difference between Man and Ape 243 [343] 417 Difference between Ape and Man in the Tendon beneath the Foot 244 [344] 417

686 686 687 687

Chapter

674

674 674 674 675 675 676 677 677 678 679 679

59

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the F o ot Motions of the Foot First of the Muscles Moving the Foot The Second Muscle The Third Muscle The Fourth Muscle The Fifth Muscle The Sixth Muscle The Seventh Muscle The Eighth Muscle The Ninth Muscle Function of the Nine Muscles Moving the Foot

688 688 689

245 [345] 245 [345] 245 [345] 245 [345] 245 [345] 246 [346] 246 [346] 247 [347] 247 [347] 248 [348]

418 418 419 419 419 420 421 421 422 423

680 680 680 682 683

683 684 684

685 685 685

Motions of the Toes The First of the Muscles Moving the Toes The Second and Third Muscles How the First, Second, and Third Muscles Are Arranged in the Apes Muscles Flexing the First Joints, Coming after the Third Muscle in Their Numbering; We Count Ten of Them The Fourteenth Muscle The Fifteenth Muscle A Muscle Situated in the Top of the Foot, Abducting the Big Toe and the Three next to It to the Outside, Numbered 16 The Seventeenth Muscle The Eighteenth Muscle Four Muscles Adducting the Four Toes to the Big Toe, Numbered 19, 20, 21, 22

Ligaments of the Sacrum and the Bones Attached Thereto The Membrane Occupying the Foramen of the Pubic Bone Ligaments of the Femur and Hip Bone Ligaments of the Knee Joint Ligaments Attaching the Fibula to the Tibia Transverse Ligaments of the Foot Other Ligaments of the Foot That Only Attach Bones Together

1555

252 [352] 429 252 [352] 429 252 [352] 252 [352] 253 [353] 253 [353] 253 [353]

429 429 430 431 431

253 [353] 431

M e t h o d o f Di s s e c t i n g t h e Mu s c l e s Lo c at e d i n t h e Low e r L e g a n d F o ot a n d A ll t h e Li g a m e n t s N ot S o Fa r R e s e c t e d, a n d t h e N u m b e r o f Mu s cle s T h at Occu py t h e Low e r Le g 254 [354] 432 a n d F o ot

690

How Many Muscles Are in the Back of the Lower Leg How Many Muscles Are in the Front of the Lower Leg How Many Are in the Foot Order of Dissection Dissection of the Wide Ligament That Acts as a Tendon The First and Second Muscles Moving the Foot The Third Muscle The Fourth Muscle The First Muscle Moving the Toes; the Seventeenth, the Eighteenth The Muscle Hiding behind the Knee Second and Third Muscles Moving the Toes Muscles Adducting Three Toes to the Big Toe, and Flexing the First Bones of the Five Toes Fifth of the Muscles Moving the Foot Sixth Muscle Moving the Foot Fourteenth and Fifteenth Muscles Moving the Toes Seventh and Eighth Muscles Moving the Foot; Sixteenth Moving the Toes Dissection of the Ligaments Yet Remaining

691 691

692

248 [348] 424 248 [348] 424 249 [349] 424 249 [349] 424

692

250 [350] 426

693

692 692

693 693

250 [350] 427 251 [351] 427 251 [351] 427

693 693 694

251 [351] 428 251 [351] 428 251 [351] 428 252 [352] 429

62

690

248 [348] 423

60

On the Mu s cle s Movin g the Toe s

O n t h e Li g a m e n t s At tach i n g t h e I l i ac B o n e s to t h e S acr u m , T h o s e o f t h e Hi p a n d K n e e Joints, and All the Remaining Li g a m e n t s Si t u at e d i n t h e Low e r L e g a n d t h e F o ot

Chapter

691 680

61

245 [345] 418

691

Chapter

1 5 43

2014

1 5 43 Chapter

672

XXXI

1555

BOOK

2

2014

THE FABRIC OF THE HUMAN BODY

694 694

254 [354] 432 254 [354] 432 254 [354] 432 254 [354] – 255 [355] 433 255 [355] 433 255 [355] 433 255 [355] 433 255 [355] 433 255 [355] 434 255 [355] 434

255 [355] 434 255 [355] 434 256 [356] 434 256 [356] 434 256 [356] 435 256 [356] 435