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Section 3: Malt Barley Management Research Barley and other minor cereal crops have been struggling to survive on the east coast due to low prices and lack of market. Increased interest in growing malt-type barley for use in the craft and specialty brewing industry has illuminated our desire to develop malt-type barley varieties adapted to the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States regions. As a result, we are currently involved in a cooperative national winter malt barley research trial that includes 10 states. Our program is focusing on developing barley having superior malt quality for potential use in the brewing industry. In this regard, the Virginia Tech breeding program has evaluated several winter malting barley lines over the past several years, primarily for use as parents in our breeding program. One of the two parents of our hulled barley variety Thoroughbred is ‘Plaisant,’ a French malting variety, imparting Thoroughbred with fairly good malt extract but lacking desired enzymes for large scale beer production. One constraint in most currently available cultivars developed elsewhere is that they do not have the desired high level of genetic disease resistance. Our typical variety tests do not employ fungicides, however in this case we wanted to assess the relative performance of these malt type barley cultivars under a management regime that would be recommended to commercial growers. Three experiments were conducted in 2013-14 to measure the effect of cultivar disease resistance and fungicide application in current and promising malt-type barley lines and standard cultivar comparisons. Lines designated with a VA- are experimental cultivars developed in the Virginia Tech program. Listing and usage of the fungicides in this test does not imply endorsement of these products over others. They were chosen because these products are in common use by producers in the region. Malt Barley Management Production Practices 2013-14 Painter - Planted October 24, 2013. Preplant fertilizer was 30 lb N on October 23, 2013. Site was fertilized with 60 lb N using 30% UAN and 0.75 oz Harmony Extra SG® March 12, 2014. Site was fertilized with 50 lb N using 30% UAN cut 60/40 to reduce burn April 25, 2014. Fungicide applications were performed April 23 (flag leaf) and May 8 (heading), 2014. Harvest occurred June 10-16, 2014. Orange - Planted October 9, 2013. Preplant fertilizer was 30-60-20 October 1, 2013. Sixty lb N plus .45 oz Harmony Extra SG® was applied March 11, 2014. Fungicide applications were performed April 28, 2014. Harvest occurred June 16, 2014. Warsaw - Planted October 22, 2013. Preplant fertilizer was 30-60-60-5 applied October 18, 2013. Site was fertilized using 12-0-0-1.5 at 25 lb on November 21, 2013 and at 25 lb on February 26, 2014. Site was treated with 6.5 oz Starane® and .75 oz Harmony Extra SG® plus surfactant on March 11, 2014. Site was fertilized with 60 lb N using 24-0-0-3 April 3, 2014. Fungicide applications were performed April 24, 2014. Harvest occurred June 16, 2014.

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Table 25. Summary of performance of malt-type entries in the Virginia Tech Management Test, Over locations, 2014 harvest.

Cultivar Thoroughbred VA10B-43 VA12B-7 Saturn McGregor KWS Liga VA09B-35 VA09B-34 Violetta Endeavor Charles LSD (0.05) CV

Fungicide None Tilt Prosaro Tilt+Prosaro LSD (0.05)

Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 104.6 102.3 100.0 99.3 97.6 90.3 89.4 86.5 86.0 85.1 73.6 4.2 9.7 Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 89.7 95.0 91.3 93.0

ns - no significant differences

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 13.2 48.0 13.3 48.1 13.3 48.4 13.4 45.0 13.3 44.7 13.5 47.5 13.2 47.9 13.3 48.8 13.3 48.8 13.4 48.1 13.4 42.0 0.6

0.6

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 13.3 47.1 13.3 47.1 13.4 46.8 13.3 47.1

Date Headed (Julian) 120.3 117.6 117.7 121.8 121.0 124.0 116.1 115.5 119.9 121.5 119.8

Lodging (0-9) 4.1 4.8 3.4 4.4 4.2 3.4 6.4 4.5 3.8 4.5 6.2

Leaf Rust (0-9) 1.1 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 1.0

Powdery Mildew (0-9) 5.8 1.3 1.7 1.0 5.3 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.6 1.4

Net Blotch (0-9) 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 2.2 2.2

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (0-9) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Height (In) 36.5 35.0 35.9 31.1 35.3 32.6 34.7 34.3 31.4 34.7 29.6

0.4

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.8

0.5

0.6

Date Headed (Julian) 119.7 119.4 119.6 119.6

Height (In) 33.7 34.0 33.8 33.5

Lodging (0-9) 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.4

Leaf Rust (0-9) 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0

Powdery Mildew (0-9) 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.6

Net Blotch (0-9) 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.1

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (0-9) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

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Table 26. Summary of performance of malt-type entries in the Virginia Tech Management Test, Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VA, 2014 harvest.

Cultivar Saturn McGregor VA10B-43 KWS Liga Thoroughbred Violetta VA12B-7 Endeavor VA09B-34 VA09B-35 Charles LSD (0.05) CV

Fungicide None Tilt Prosaro Tilt+Prosaro LSD (0.05)

Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 110.7 109.9 104.9 102.9 102.5 96.3 95.1 89.7 88.9 88.8 83.3 8.2 10.3 Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 95.8 100.0 95.4 98.9

ns - no significant differences

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 14.6 48.5 14.6 47.8 14.5 50.7 14.6 49.3 14.6 51.1 14.2 52.7 14.7 50.6 14.4 50.1 14.8 49.6 14.3 50.0 14.4 44.8 0.6

Powdery Mildew (0-9) 1.0 5.3 1.3 1.8 5.8 0.2 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.4

Net Blotch (0-9) 1.0 1.8 0.6 0.8 2.9 0.8 2.2 2.5 0.7 0.7 2.5

0.8

0.8

Powdery Mildew (0-9) 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.6

Net Blotch (0-9) 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.3

1.7

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 14.4 50.1 14.5 49.9 14.6 48.7 14.5 49.5

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Table 27. Summary of performance of malt-type entries in the Virginia Tech Management Test, Northern Piedmont Center, Orange, VA, 2014 harvest.

Cultivar Thoroughbred VA12B-7 VA10B-43 Saturn VA09B-35 McGregor VA09B-34 Endeavor KWS Liga Violetta Charles LSD (0.05) CV

Fungicide None Tilt Prosaro Tilt+Prosaro LSD (0.05)

Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 98.5 94.9 93.0 81.6 77.1 76.0 70.5 68.4 66.0 60.3 49.4 7.8 12.5 Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 76.4 77.8 73.4 76.4

ns - no significant differences

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 12.4 46.5 12.2 47.0 12.4 47.0 12.3 43.0 12.3 47.1 12.5 43.5 12.1 48.9 12.6 49.4 12.3 47.0 12.3 46.6 12.4 42.9 0.1

0.7

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 12.3 46.3 12.3 46.1 12.4 46.4 12.4 46.2

Date Headed (Julian) 120.8 118.3 118.3 121.0 118.5 121.0 118.0 120.8 121.0 118.5 119.3

Height (In) 35.6 34.8 33.8 30.4 33.6 34.3 33.0 33.9 31.6 30.0 28.5

0.7

1.2

Date Headed (Julian) 119.7 119.3 119.6 119.6

Height (In) 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.5

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Table 28. Summary of performance of malt-type entries in the Virginia Tech Management Test, Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VA, 2014 harvest.

Cultivar Thoroughbred VA12B-7 VA10B-43 McGregor Saturn VA09B-35 KWS Liga Violetta VA09B-34 Endeavor Charles LSD (0.05) CV

Fungicide None Tilt Prosaro Tilt+Prosaro LSD (0.05)

Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 112.8 110.0 109.1 107.9 105.7 102.2 101.9 101.5 100.2 95.8 88.2 5.7 6.8 Yield (Bu/a @ 48 lb/bu) 97.2 107.1 104.5 104.0

ns - no significant differences

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 12.8 46.6 13.0 47.8 12.9 46.7 12.9 43.1 13.3 43.4 13.1 46.9 13.5 46.1 13.4 47.3 12.9 48.0 13.2 44.7 13.3 38.4 0.3

0.4

Moisture Test Weight % lb/bu 13.1 45.0 13.1 45.6 13.1 45.3 13.1 45.6

Date Headed (Julian) 119.8 117.1 116.9 121.1 122.6 113.8 127.0 121.3 113.0 122.3 120.4

Height (In) 37.4 37.1 36.2 36.3 31.8 35.8 33.6 32.8 35.5 35.5 30.8

Lodging (0-9) 4.1 3.4 4.8 4.2 4.4 6.4 3.4 3.8 4.5 4.5 6.2

Leaf Rust (0-9) 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.0

0.3

1.0

0.9

0.6

Lodging (0-9) 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.4

Leaf Rust (0-9) 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0

Date Headed (Julian) 119.6 119.5 119.6 119.5

Height (In) 34.6 35.1 35.1 34.4

Powdery Barley Yellow Mildew Dwarf Virus (0-9) (0-9) 1.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.8 0.3 1.1 0.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.3 1.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.5

0.6

Powdery Barley Yellow Mildew Dwarf Virus (0-9) (0-9) 2.7 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.9 0.1