Proceedings of the 3rd international Conference on

LASERS in manufacturing 3 5June1986 Paris, France

Edited by Mr. A. Quenzer

LIM-3

CONTENTS Lasers - An International Overview The BRITE programme H. Tent, Commission of the European Communities, Belgium Laser material processing in the United States: a 1986 overview C.Albright, Ohio State University, USA Laser activities in Japan T. Fujioka, IRI Laser Laboratory, Industrial Research Institute, Japan

1 5 11

Lasers at the Cutting Edge Nuclear power plant heat exchanger tube cutting by means of a NdYAG laser with optical fiber beam transport O.Fiorini.G. F.Germani and F. Pandarese, CISE SpA, Italy 19 Laser cutting with high pressure cutting gases and mixed gases S. E. Nielsen, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 25 Circular and non-circular nozzle exits for supersonic gas jet assist in CO2 laser cutting J.FieretandB. A. Ward, UKAEACulham Laboratory, UK 45 Characterization of surfaces morphology in laser cutting M. Querry, S. F. Yuan and C. Bedrin, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France 55 Optimisation of pulsed laser cutting of mild steels J. Powell, Loughborough University and Laser Expertise Ltd, U K, T. G. King and LA. Menzies, Loughborough University of Technology, UK, and K.Frass, Coherent General GmbH, West Germany 67 Laser processing: the use of artificial intelligence and statistics for generating knowledge Y. Aberkane and M. Dumas, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN/CEA), France 77 How a man and a laser robot can learn mutually B. Burg, ETCA/CTME/OP, E. Lamotte, USA, L. Foulloy, IUT Genie Electrique, and B. Zavidovique, ADFCA/ETCA, France 89

Welding Optical diagnostics of laser-metal interaction during welding M. Schellhom, R. Nowack and G. Roth, DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany 97 The development of the 'Laspot' welding process M. Bazan and J. Miller, Avco Lycoming, and G. White and C. Albright, Ohio State University, USA 107 CO2 laser auxiliary source coupling: application to welding P. Y. Luciani, C. Charissoux and J. N. Calvet, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, France. 117 Examples of possibilities offered by high power lasers in welding applications M. Bousseau and J.-M. Signamarcheix, Etablissement Technique Central dPArmement(ETCA), France 125 Laser welding of chandelles to the plates of the diagrid employed in the nuclear power plant core M. Cai, NIRA, M. Cantello and G. Ghiringhello, Istituto RTM, and M. Chiasera, ENEA, Italy 135 Laser welding of thin nickel sheets B. Petesch and M.Robin, CALFETMAT-IUT, and A. Chabenat and J.Binard, Centre deSoudageCATS-FRAMATOME, France 145 Development of an automatic laser welding machine to produce gas filled capsules P. Stevenson, Frazer-Nash Ltd, UK 157

Surface Treatment In-situ formation of Ni-Cr-Al-R.E. alloy by laser cladding with mixed powder feed J. Singh and J.Mazumder, University of Illinois, USA Laser surface cladding and residual stresses J. Hernandez and A. Vannes, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA/CALFETMAT/GEMPPM), and J. Com-Nougue and E. Kerrand, Laboratoires de Marcoussis (CGE), France CO2 laser deposition of a cobalt base alloy on a 12% chromium steel J. Com-Nougue and E. Kerrand, Laboratoires de Marcoussis (CGE), France Laser cladding and alloying G. Coquerelle, M.Collin, andJ. L. Fachinetti, Etablissement Technique Central derArmement(ETCA), France Silicon surface alloying of steel by laser treatment E. Ramous, L. Giordano, P. Matteazzi and A. Tiziani, Istituto di Chimica Industrial, Universita di Padova, and R. Ferraro and M. Nannetti, Istituto RTM, Italy Surface treatments by high power CO2 laser: resolidification of plasma-sprayed coatings and laser cladding C. A. Be and W. Cerri, CISE SpA, and M. Magrini and E. Ramous, Universita di Padova, Italy Properties of laser gas alloyed titanium H. W. Bergmann and S. Lee, Technische Universitat Clausthal, West Germany, and T. Bell, Wolfson Institute for Surface Engineering, Birmingham, UK Aluminium alloy surface hardening by laser treatment F. Ferraro, C. A. Nannetti and M.Campello, Istituto RTM, and A. Senin, Olivetti, Italy Present state of development of the 'Lasertex' process J. Crahay, Y. Renauld, G. Monfort and A. Bragard, Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium Laser metal surface hardening: models and measures D. Kechemair and D. Gerbet, Etablissement Technique Central de rArmement (ETCA), France

III

169 181 191 197 207 215 221 233 '. 245 261

Laser Systems - Equipment RF-excitation for high power CO 2 lasers

W. Schock, W. Wittwer, A. Giesen,T. Hall and H. Hiigel, DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany

271

CO 2 laser design considerations for pulsed material processing

M. W. Sasnett, Coherent General Inc, USA

279

RF-excited high power CO 2 lasers for industrial material processing

R.Wollermann-Windgasse,TRUMPFGmbH&Co,WestGennany

293

Robolaser in the car industry

Z. Aberman, Robomatix Ltd, Israel

305

Laser robot for nuclear applications

J. Geffrey, CEA/IRDI/DEDR/DEMT, J. M. Martinez, CEA/IRDI/DEIN, and P. de Beaucourt, J.-P. Noel and M. Mergy, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN), France

313

Laser-fibre-robot system in high precision manufacturing

S.-O. Roos, Permalux Lasersystem AB, Sweden

321

Laser Systems - Equipment, Safety and Economics Robot mounted lasers -the safety options

G.R. Ward and A. M.Bandle, Health and Safety Executive, UK

329

Laser processing and productics

P. Clement, LimogesPrecison, France

337

Flexible machining system for the production of conveyor rollers for bulk products

F. Charpentier, Sietam, France

-

341

Laser in high rate industrial production automatic systems and laser robotics

J. Carroz, Spectra-Physics, France

345

Sub-contracting for laser cutting, welding and engraving

S. Nicolas, Laser Industrie, France

355

Poster Papers Interest of isothermal power-velocity-radius (P, v, r) diagrams in continuous laser beam characterization

J. Dietz and J. Merlin, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France

359

A flexible manufacturing line built around a laser machine

E. Dullin.CN IndustriesSA, France

365

Numerical analysis of laser surface hardening of a medium carbon steel

S.-J. Na and S.-Y. Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and K.-E. Lee and T.-G. Kim, Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd, Korea

383

AUTHOR INDEX Y. Aberkane 77 Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN/CEA), France Z. Aberman 305 Robomatix Ltd, Israel C. Albright 5,107 Ohio State University, USA A. M. Bandle 329 Health and Safety Executive, UK M. Bazan 107 Avco Lycoming, USA C.A.Be 215 CISE SpA, Italy C. Bedrin 55 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France T. Bell 221 Wolfson Institute for Surface Engineering, Birmingham, UK H.W.Bergmann 221 Technische Universitat Clausthal, West Germany J.Binard 145 Centre de Soudage CATS-FRAMATOME, France M. Bousseau 125 Etablissement Technique Central de 1'Armement (ETCA), France A. Bragard 245 Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium B. Burg

89

ETCA/CTME/OP, France M. Cai 135 NIRA, Italy J.N.Calvet 117 Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, France M. Campello 233 Istituto RTM, Italy M.Cantello 135 Istituto RTM, Italy J. Carroz 345 Spectra-Physics, France W.Cerri 215 CISE SpA Italy A.Chabenat 145 Centre de Soudage CATS-FRAMATOME, France C.Charissoux 117 Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, France F. Charpentier 341 Sietam, France M.Chiasera 135 ENEA, Italy P. Clement 337 Limoges Precision, France M.Collin 197 Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement (ETCA), France J. Com-Nougue 181,191 Laboratoires de Marcoussis (CGE), France G.Coquerelle 197 Etablissement Technique Central de 1'Armement (ETCA), France J.Crahay 245 Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium P. de Beaucourt 313 Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN), France J.Dietz 359 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France E. Dullin 365 CN Industries SA, France M. Dumas 77 Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN/CEA), France

J. L. Fachinetti 197 Etablissement Technique Central de PArmement (ETCA), France F. Ferraro 233 Istituto RTM, Italy R. Ferraro 207 Istituto RTM, Italy J. Fieret 45 UKAEA Culham Laboratory, UK 0 . Fiorini 19 CISE SpA, Italy L. Foulloy 89 IUT Genie Electrique, France K. Frass 67 Coherent General GmbH, West Germany T. Fujioka 11 IRI Laser Laboratory, Industrial Research Institute, Japan J.Geffroy 313 CEA/IRDI/DEDR/DEMT, France D. Gerbet 261 Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement (ETCA), France G. F. Germani 19 CISE SpA, Italy G.Ghiringhello 135 Istituto RTM, Italy A. Giesen 271 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany L. Giordano 207 Istituto di Chimica Industrial, Universita di Padova, Italy T. Hall 271 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany J.Hernandez 181 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA/ CALFETMAT/GEMPPM), France H.Hflgel 271 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany D. Kechemair

261

Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement (ETCA), France E. Kerrand 181,191 Laboratoires de Marcoussis (CGE), France T.-G.Kim 383 Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd, Korea T.G.King 67 Loughborough University of Technology, UK E. Lamotte 89 USA, France K.-E. Lee 383 Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd, Korea S.Lee 221 Technische Universitat Clausthal, West Germany S.-Y. Lee 383 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea P. Y. Luciani 117 Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, France M. Magrini 215 Universita di Padova, Italy J. M. Martinez 313 CEA/IRDI/DEIN, France P. Matteazzi 207 Istituto di Chimica Industrielle, Universita di Padova, Italy J. Mazumder 169 University of Illinois, USA 1. A. Menzies 67 Loughborough University of Technology, UK M.Mergy 313 Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN), France

J. Merlin 359. Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France J.Miller 107 Avco Lycoming, USA G. Monfort 245 Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium S.-J. Na 383 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea C. A. Nannetti 233 Istituto RTM, Italy M. Nannetti 207 Istituto RTM, Italy S. Nicolas 355 Laser Industrie, France S. E. Nielsen 25 Technical University of Denmark, Denmark J.-P. Noel 313 Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (CEN), France R. Nowack 97 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany F. Pandarese 19 CISE SpA, Italy B. Petesch 145 CALFETMAT-IUT, France J. Powell 67 Loughborough University and Laser Expertise Ltd, UK M. Querry 55 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France E. Ramous 207,215 Istituto di Chimica Industriale, Universita di Padova, Italy Y. Renauld 245 Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium M. Robin 145 CALFETMAT-IUT, France S.-O. Roos 321 Permalux Lasersystem AB, Sweden G.Roth 97 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany

M. W. Sasnett 279 Coherent General Inc, USA M.Schellhorn 97 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany W.Schock 271 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany A. Senin 233 Olivetti, Italy J.-M. Signamarcheix 125 Etablissement Technique Central de 1'Armement (ETCA), France J.Singh 169 University of Illinois, USA P. Stevenson 157 Frazer-NashLtd,UK H.Tent 1 Commission of the European Communities, Belgium A. Tiziani 207 Istituto di Chimica Industriale, Universita di Padova, Italy A. Vannes 181 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA/ CALFETMAT/GEMPPM), France B. A. Ward 45 UKAEA Culham Laboratory, UK G. R. Ward 329 Health and Safety Executive, UK G. White 107 Ohio State University, USA W. Wittwer 271 DFVLR, Institut fur Technische Physik, West Germany R. Wollermann-Windgasse 293 TRUMPFGmbH & Co, West Germany S. F. Yuan 55 Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (INSA), France B. Zavidovique 89 ADFCA/ETCA, France