Pilot Protocol for Proactive Bed Bug Control

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New Proactive Bed Bug Protocol

 What is it? 



A new, BASF application protocol that employs research on both bed bug behavior and product efficacy in order to control bed bugs before they spread

Benefits 

Reduce bed bug establishment

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Reduce hotel room downtime, customer complaints and potential litigation

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Unlikely human exposure: targeted Crack & Crevice®, spot, or void treatments

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2x/year treatments enable a successful proactive program that is economically viable

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Premium service opportunity; cross-sell, up-sell

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Bonus: concurrent control of common hotel pests (such as ants and roaches)

 BASF Roll-Out 

Signing up PMP Partners to implement the protocol in hotels

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Supporting Evidence: Bed Bug Behavior & Product Efficacy  New bed bug infestations can occur from only one or a few introduced bed bugs and can take months before they are noticed.  Controlling these new, inconspicuous infestations before they spread can avoid more extensive and lengthy treatments...and most importantly, customer complaints.  Bed bug resistance to repellent, pyrethroid products is widespread.

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The BASF Difference

 BASF’s new protocol relies upon nonrepellent products, thus avoiding the use of repellent pyrethroids that can be ineffective on resistant strains of bed bugs.  The BASF proactive program allows for bed bugs to rest upon treated harborage areas and die rather than being repelled to other areas of the room or hotel by pyrethroid residues. 

All it takes is one fertilized female repelled by a treatment to cause additional infestations in nearby rooms - new infestations that may not be realized for months.

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The Research: Bed Bug Behavior and Pyrethroid Resistance

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Research: Where Bed Bugs Hide

 Primary Areas: Numerous research projects and field observations have shown bed bug infestations most often initiate near the bed area, including the mattress, box spring, bed frame, headboard, and luggage rack. This is where the hosts (humans) spend the majority of time resting.  Secondary Areas: Less frequent initiation areas may include nightstands, chairs, luggage areas, baseboards, sconces, electrical areas, and wall decor.

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Bed Bug Inspection: Hiding Spots

Most establishment occurs immediately around the bed

Survey of 13 apartments; Source: PCT. Battling Bed Bugs in Apartments. Univ. of Kentucky. Potter, Romero, Haynes, Wickenmeyer. 7

Drs. Miller & Schal Studies Virginia Tech & NC State

 Many bed bug infestations are established from 1-2 individuals  And of those, usually a gravid (pregnant) female is the culprit

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Pyrethroid Resistance is Widespread

 As of April 2008, University of Kentucky researchers have 17 random bed bug field samples from 9 states  15 of the 17 samples have high levels of pyrethroid resistance (>10X)  Two samples from California, one pyrethroid susceptible and one resistant, were from the same apartment complex!

Field samples with >10X pyrethroid resistance came from states in red

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Pyrethroid resistance is even more widespread than we thought  Molecular diagnostic study (2010 - Zhu, Potter, et al.)  Showed out of 110 bedbug populations from all over the U.S., 88% of the populations had one or two of the knockdown resistance genes for deltamethrin.  Beyond the northeastern states, these populations came from Washington D.C., Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Texas, and California

Residual Pyrethroids Negatively Affect Bed Bug Behavior

 University of Kentucky published research shows…  Bed bugs tend to avoid residues of residual pyrethroid insecticides  Given a choice between pyrethroid treated or pyrethroid free harborages (filter paper tents), bed bugs preferred pyrethroid free harborages... “Insects tended to avoid dry residues of Suspend® SC and preferred to rest in insecticide-free tents.” 11

Residual Pyrethroids Negatively Affect Bed Bug Behavior

 University of Kentucky published research shows bed bugs exposed to sub-lethal pyrethroid residues exhibited behavioral changes:  Wander outside harborages during day  More resistant bed bugs survived and moved away from pyrethroid treated surfaces  This behavior may eventually lead to spread of infestation to untreated harborages… “This might explain, in part, patterns of bed bug spread observed under field conditions where adjoining locations become infested over time.”

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Dispersion in Large Structures Wang et al. 2010 (Purdue University)

 223 unit apartment  45% infested  50% of residents were unaware of the infestation 

BASF STATEMENT: This

alone is a great reason for proactive control – it takes time for bed bug populations to be noticed

 Passive Dispersal  Furniture, travel, resident turnover  Active Dispersal  Average of 6 bed bugs dispersing via entry doors  Adults are more likely to disperse  Conclusion: need more monitoring and intervention 13

Dr. Kells’ Heat Studies 2010 Minnesota University

 Fed vs Unfed  Some of the unfed run away, then come back  Some that have fed just run away 

BASF STATEMENT: This

demonstrates why heat alone may not always

work 

Having a non-repellent residual applied before heat can provide control of those fed bed bugs that move away from heating events BASF STATEMENT:

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The Research: BASF Product Efficacy

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The Research: BASF Product Efficacy

 University trials show BASF’s Prescription Treatment® brand Phantom® Pressurized Insecticide, Phantom® (SC) Termiticide/Insecticide, and Prescription Treatment® brand Alpine® Dust Insecticide products are nonrepellent and result in excellent control.  They utilize three different modes of action which insures little chance of insecticide resistance developing.  These traits make Phantom Pressurized and Alpine Dust the products of choice for the BASF Proactive Bed Bug Control Program.

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Phantom® Termiticide-Insecticide (SC): Aged Dried Residue Efficacy Average Cumulative Percent Mortality for Four Strains of Bed Bugs Exposed to Fresh Dry Residues of Phantom Termiticide-Insecticide (SC) 0.5% and Residues Aged Four Months

Percent Mortality

Alvaro Romero, Kenneth F. Haynes, University of Kentucky

Days Phantom residues aged 4 months are just as effective as fresh dry residues Strains included two pyrethroid susceptible strains and two pyrethroid resistant strains continuously exposed to residues. Mortality in controls was 0% N=40

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Phantom Formulation Uptake Study: Dr. Kells, University of Minnesota, 2011 C h lo rfe n a p y r A d s o rp tio n o n B e d B u g s F re s h (< 2 h rs o ld ) v e rs u s A g e d (2 4 h *, 1 m o n th ) R e s id u e s F irs t v e rs uon s filter Seco n d G e n e ra tio n paper B e d B u g s E x p o s e d fo r 2 4 h o u rs

Chlorfenapyr is the ingredient in Phantom insecticides

Amount of Chlorfenapyr (g/insect)

1 .0

0 .8

0 .6

0 .4

0 .2

0 .0 sh F re

(2

e st G 1 , h)

n

2 hr(2 4 d Age residual

e st G 1 , h)

n

e st G 1 , o)

24 hr m d (1 e g A residual

n

2nd h ),

1 month 4 d (2 e g A residual

Ge

n

Egg Mortality Test Number of eggs hatching after direct spray (40 eggs total)

Bed Bug Eggs Hatching (#)

Dr. Goddard, Mississippi State University, 2011

 Phantom PI kills all bed bug life stages  Phantom PI provided 98% egg mortality through 12 DAT  Alpine PI provided 89% egg mortality through 12 DAT

Days after Treatment

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Alpine Dust Insecticide Residual Effect Upon Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) % Bedbug mortality from Alpine Dust residual on Tile

% Mortality

100 80 6 hr

60

24 hr 40

48 hr

20 0 1 Day 30 Days 60 Days 90 Days

180 Days

365 Days

Control

Time Insect Investigations LtD, 2007 20

Proactive Application Protocol

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BASF Proactive Protocol  Split treatment areas into likely (Primary) and less likely (Secondary) areas of bed bug infestation.  Treat Primary areas every 6 months or 2x/year.  Treat Secondary areas every 12 months or 1x/year.

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Primary Treatment Areas

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Primary: Mattress, Box Spring, Frame, Head Board Apply Phantom PI once every 6 months

 Mattresses 

Seams, folds and edges only –

Top, sides, and undersides

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Primary: Box Spring Apply Phantom PI and Alpine Dust, once every 6 months

 Box Spring 

Seams, folds and edges

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Corner protectors

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Top and underside

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Along edge of and inside dust cover

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Alpine Dust applied to void of box spring

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Primary: Bed Frame Apply Phantom PI once every 6 months

 Bed Frame 

Joints connecting frame

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Cracks and crevices between frame elements

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Castor wheels and bolt/nut connections

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Primary: Head Board Apply Phantom PI once every 6 months

 Head Board 

Remove to inspect and treat

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Inspect and treat cracks & crevices behind headboard

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Inspect and treat cleats holding headboard to wall

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Secondary Treatment Areas

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Secondary Areas: Chairs, couches Apply Phantom PI once every 12 months

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Chairs, couches, etc.

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Test products on hidden portion of fabric or surfaces before full treatment

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Secondary: Curtains Apply Alpine Dust once every 12 months

 Drapes, curtains, rods, encasements, etc.

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Curtains

 Bed bugs using the folds (pleats) in curtains as a harborage

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Secondary: Baseboards Apply Phantom PI once every 12 months

 Baseboard areas

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Secondary: Decor Apply Phantom PI once every 12 months

 Pictures and other wall decor 

Crack & Crevice® treatment



Spot treatment

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Secondary: Nightstands, Furniture Apply Phantom PI once every 12 months

 Bedside tables and chest of drawers 

Remove drawers

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Place Phantom PI in all cracks and crevices

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Test product on finish before treating

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Secondary: Electrical Apply Alpine Dust once every 12 months

 Electrical sconces and outlets  Alpine Dust does not cause arching events that could lead to ignition

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Secondary: Adjacent Wall Voids Apply Alpine Dust once every 12 months

Dust

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Secondary: Behind Switch Plates & Outlets Apply Alpine Dust once every 12 months

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Secondary: Closets Apply Phantom PI once every 6 -12 months

 Treat cracks and crevices of luggage rack (2x/year)  Treat baseboard area (1x/year)

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Secondary: Desks and Chairs Apply Phantom PI once every 12 months

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Benefits

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BASF Proactive Benefits

 Reduce establishment of bed bug infestations  Reduce hotel room downtime, customer complaints and potential litigation  Unlikely human exposure: targeted Crack & Crevice®, spot, and void treatments  2x/year treatments enable a successful proactive program that is economically viable  Premium service opportunity; cross-sell, up-sell  Bonus: concurrent control of common hotel pests (such as ants and roaches)

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BASF Proactive Future

 Apartments  Frequent traveler program  Single and multiple family dwellings  Transportation vehicles  Office complexes

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Always read and follow label directions. Bedlam Insecticide is a registered trademark of McLaughlin Gomley King Company. Suspend SC is a registered trademark and Temprid is a trademark of Bayer. Prescription Treatment, Alpine and Phantom are registered trademarks of BASF Corporation. www.PestControl.basf.us – 800-777-8570 © 2011 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved. 43