Offshore Wind Power and the Challenges of Large Scale Deployment
Offshore Wind Power and the Challenges of Large Scale Deployment
Walt Musial Manager Offshore Wind and Ocean Power Systems National Renewable Energy ...
Offshore Wind Power and the Challenges of Large Scale Deployment
Walt Musial Manager Offshore Wind and Ocean Power Systems National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Inaugural Meeting of the North American Wind Energy Academy August 7th - 9th, 2012 Photo: Baltic I – Wind Plant Germany 2010 Credit: Fort Felker University of Massachusetts Amherst
William E. Heronemus University of Massachusetts Circa 1973
UMass has Pioneered Offshore Wind Energy
Vestas 2.0 MW Turbine Horns Rev, DK
Alpha Ventus – RePower 5-MW Turbine Offshore Wind Power
•
51 projects, 3,620 MW installed (end of 2011)
•
49 in shallow water 979
> 28.91
4 to 5
Minimal
2
96-110
965-979
28.50-28.91
6 to 8
Moderate
3
111-130
945-964
27.91-28.47
9 to 12
Extensive
4
131-155
920-944
27.17-27.88
13 to 18
Extreme
5
> 155
< 920
< 27.17
> 18
Offshore Wind Power
Catastrophic
29
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Breaking Waves: A potential design driver
IEC 61400-3 Breaking Wave Model is not validated where: C Hb
b R
= = = = =
•
Breaking waves can occur when wave height approaches water depth (critical at some locations)
•
Design must consider occurrence during extreme 50/100 year return storms
•
Breaking waves can double the load magnitude
•
Validation data is needed to improve and validate the model.
wave celerity wave height at the breaking location maximum elevation of the free water surface radius of the cylinder curling factor 0,5
Offshore Wind Power
30
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Ice Loading Design and Mitigation
Ice Force
Induced Mechanical Vibration Resonant Frequency Shift
•Thickness •Strength •Velocity •Fracture Mode
Baltic Sea – Windpower Monthly Cover Photo Feb 2003
Excitation Lock-in
Wind Turbines at Nysted with Ice Cones
Base Load Force Offshore Wind Power
31
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
SPAR
BARGE TENSION LEG PLATFORM
Offshore Wind Power
32
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Photo: Hywind/Statoil SPAR
Graphic: Glosten Associates, PELESTAR TLP
Photo: Principle Power Inc. SEMISUBMERSIBLE
Summary of Challenges and Opportunities • Initial costs are high due to smaller scales, higher risk, and immature technology • Global scale deployment is needed for cost reduction • Stable policy incentives are needed to offset first adopter cost challenges • Technology innovations are needed to lower cost and expand siting options • Unique environmental conditions require optimized turbine designs • Mature costs realized through scale and innovation.
