Mineral Systems and Mineral Prospectivity in Finnish Lapland MINSYSPRO 01.9.2014 – 31.08.2018
Ferenc Molnár
Geological Survey of Finland
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
Eero Hanski University of Oulu
MINSYSPRO Project
Subjects of Presentation • Background of the project: aims and objectives • The mineral system approach and mineral prospectivity mapping
• The MINSYSPRO consortium: research teams, international cooperation, research methods
• Mineral systems in Finnish Lapland - targets - current results
Pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite ore , Sakatti
Native gold
Rompas
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Aims and Objectives of the Project To support sustainable growth of mining industry in Finnish Lapland by development of a knowledge-based, environmentally friendly and cost effective exploration method which is capable of predicting mineral resources under cover. To gather new knowledge of critical processes of ore formation in orogenic gold and magmatic sulphide/oxide mineral systems in Finnish Lapland by application of modern, cutting edge research methods. Development methods of computer-based conceptual and empirical mineral prospectivity mapping by using results of research on mineral systems.
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Mineral Systems: Critical Processes and Parameters Processes
Parameters Relative and absolute timing of processes Conditions of primary and secondary enrichment or dispersion of metals
Vectors to ore
Structural control
Geodynamic setting
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Validation, targeting
Spatial analysis
Input pattern generation
Selection of the relevant data based on the exploration model or mineral system model
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
The Current Status of the Orogenic Gold Mineral Prospectivity Map in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Research on Magmatic and Hydrothermal Mineral Systems: Outstanding Questions Major area of research in Finland
Sources of ore forming metals and transporting agents: - melts: mantle, crust, contamination - fluids: magmatic, metamorphic, basin fluids Multiple or single mineralization events: - different stages in one system or superimposition of independent systems? Footprints of magmatic and hydrothermal processes leading to accumulation of precious-, base- and critical metals: - which parameters are the best for vectoring towards ore? Effects of post-mineralization events on composition and grade of ore: - dispersion or concentration? How we can transfer signatures of critical processes into 2D-3D geological models? How the evaluation of mineral potential in Lapland is affected by incorporation of new knowledge and data into prospectivity mapping methods?
MISU Opening seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Research Consortium Magmatic Mineral Systems Orogenic Gold Mineral systems Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Eero Hanski Shenghong Yang Markku Pirttijärvi Hannu Huhma Tuomo Karinen Tuomo Törmänen Yann Lahaye PhD students: Jukka Konnunaho Marko Moilanen Kirsi Luolavirta Fangfang Guo Wolfgang Maier Univ. Cardiff Richard Walker Igor Puchtel Univ. Maryland Wenjun Qu Xiaoping Xia Chinese Acad. Sci. Sergei Svetov Artem Mokrushin Paul Priprachkin Russian Acad. Sci.
Ferenc Molnár Hugh O`Brien Peter Sorjonen-Ward Sayeb Muhammad Postdoctoral researchers: Alexander Middleton
from 01.01.2015 to 05.02.2016
Matti Kurhila
from 01.05.2016 to 30.01.2017
Vesa Nykänen Satu Mertanen Tero Niiranen Eeva-Lisa Laine Ilkka Lahti Jouni Lerssi Postdoctoral researcher: T.B.N.
from 01.08.2016 to 30.08.2018
Antonin Richard Univ. Lorraine Iain Pitcairn Univ. Stockholm
Industry partners
Harry Oduro Gareth Izon Univ. St. Andrews
Agnico-Eagle Finland Oy. Dragon Mining Oy.
Holly Stein Univ. Oslo Univ. Colorado
Mawson Reosurces Oy.
Jussi-Petteri Suuronen The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Anglo-American Plc.
MISU Opening seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
First Quantum Oy.
MINSYSPRO Project
Workflow of the Project and Tasks for the Research Teams
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Cutting Edge Analytical Methods Applied to the Mineral System Research Nu Plasma MC-ICP-MS with laser microprobe
JEOL JSM 7100F high resolution FE-SEM
Mineralogy
Nu AttoM HR-ICP-MS with laser microprobe
Geochronology, stable and radiogenic isotopes, trace elements
Linkam MDSG 600 microT
• In situ analyses of individual minerals with high spatial resolution (micrometer scale) • Multiple stable and radiogenic isotope, trace element and fluid inclusion analyses from the same sample and even from the same mineral grain.
Fluid inclusions MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
• Research on the applicability of unconvetional stable and radiogenic isotope systems in better understandig oreforming processes.
MINSYSPRO Project
Tragets of Research – Magmatic Mineral Systems Layered mafic intrusions with Cr, Fe-Ti-V and Ni-Cu-PGE deposits
Komatiites with Ni-Cu-PGE deposits
Kolari-KittiläSodankylä belt
Peräpohja belt
Kuusamo belt
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
Kuusamo belt
MINSYSPRO Project
Os-isotope Constraints on the Sources of Ore-producing Melts: 2.44 Ga Paleoproterozoic Layered Complexes Os-isotope systematics in chromitite
The fertile magmas suffered crustal contamination, but were derived from mantle plume and not from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Deposition Mechanism of PGE-rich Magmatic Sulfide Ore in Komatiite: Os-isotopic Evidence of Crustal Contamination Lomalampi, komatiite hosted PGE-rich Ni-Cu deposit
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Vectoring Towards High Grade Magmatic Ni-ore in Komatiites: Ni-content in Magnetite
Magmatic Ni-deposits in komatiites of Finland 0.2 0.18
Average Ni content (wt.%) in magnetite
0.16
Magmatic Ni-Cu deposits in layered complexes
0.14 0.12
38%
High grade Ni-ore
~23 % ~20 %
0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04
Hydrothermal base-metal deposits
0.02
Magmatic Fe(-Ti-V) deposits
Low grade Ni-ore and unmineralized komatiites
~6 %
~3 %
0
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Tragets of Research – Orogenic Gold Mineral Systems
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
Sources of Fluids in Gold Deposits, Central Lapland Greenstone Belt: In situ Sulphur Isotope Analyses by LA ICPMS Similarity of sulphur isotope data for different deposits and minerals suggests to common regional (metamorphic) source of fluids.
Iso-Kuotko
Suurikuusiikko – Kittilä Mine Pyrite δ34S ‰
3.1
Suurikuusikko
2.3
2.1 1.8
3.0
Subtle core-rim variation in S-isotope compositions indicates repeated fluid flow events.
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
Levijärvi-Luokinen
MINSYSPRO Project
Geochronology: Identification of Repeated Hydrothermal Events Along the Same Regional Structure: U-Pb Dating of Hydrothermal Xenotime and Monazite Stage 1: 1854-1862 Ma
Iso-Kuotko Au-deposit
Stage 2: 1757-1768 Ma
Xenotime po
nat. Bi aspy
nat. Au
Monazite
Xenotime
In situ LA ICPMS analyses with high spatial resolution
Xenotime
Xenotime
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
3D Geological Models: Recognition of Structural and Lithological Controls of Ore Deposition Shear zones
Mafic volcanic rocks Komatiite
Saattopora Au(-Cu-Co) deposit Location of one of the orebodies is controlled by a shear zone. The other orebody is located along a lithological contact between komatiite and phyllite.
Tholeiitic lava flows
3D model showing relationships between location of orebodies and structural/lithological features
Phyllite
Simplified geological model
cpy po cob
Typical texture of ore
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
3D Micro- and Nanoscale Analysis of the Structural Control on Distribution of Ore Minerals Suurikuusikko gold deposit 3D distribution of gold grains and mineral inclusions in arsenopyrite. Synchrotron radiation based nanotomography.
3D distribution of auriferrous arsenopyrite and pyrite in the host rock. X-ray computed microtomography. MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
MinSysPro Project - Summary • • •
Systematic and multidiciplinary research based on the holistic mineral system approach. Filling up gaps of knowledge of geological processes which led to the economically importand precious-, base- and critical metal mineral resources in Finnish Lapland. Development of new mineral system models and mineral prospectivity mapping methods for better evaluation of targets for mineral exploration
Publications , up to Q1 2016
4 papers in peer-reviewed international scientific journals 11 presentations on international conferences 4 book chapters
MISU Seminar, 21 April 2016, Helsinki
MINSYSPRO Project
