INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING THE INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING (APPLICATIONS: PRESCRIBED FORMS AND PROCEDURE) REGULATIONS 2009
THE NETWORK RAIL (REDDITCH BRANCH ENHANCEMENT) ORDER
___________________________________________________________________ Ecological Impact Assessment Report and Plan
___________________________________________________________________
Document Reference
6.1
APFP Regulation
5(2)(l)
Author
Atkins
Date
April 2012
Revision History
2
PINS Reference No.
TR040005
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Glossar\RI7HUPV Term
Description
2008 Act
Planning Act 2008
Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), habitat or species
The Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) is the UK's initiative to maintain and enhance biodiversity in response to the Convention on Biological Diversity signed in 1992. The original BAP list of species and habitats, prepared over 10 years ago, was used to form the new list of species and habitats of principal importance. However some of the species have been taken off the new list and additional species and habitats have been included.
Branch Line
The Barnt Green – Redditch Branch
Chain
A unit of length used on the railway network. One chain is equivalent to 22 yards (20 metres). There are 80 chains in a mile
Gabion wall
A structure formed using gabion baskets – these are wire mesh baskets filled with stone. Gabion walls are commonly used as retaining structures to support earth slopes.
Habitats or species of principle importance for the conservation of biodiversity
Section 40 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 sets out the duty for public authorities to conserve biodiversity in England. Habitats and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity are identified by the Secretary of State for England, in consultation with Natural England, are referred to in Section 41 of the NERC Act for England. The list of habitats and species was updated in 2008. The habitats and species listed are not necessarily of higher biodiversity value, but they may be in decline. Habitat Action Plans and Species Action Plans are written for them or are in preparation, to guide their conservation. Ecological impact assessments should include an assessment of the likely impacts to these habitats and species.
Haul Roads
The proposed temporary access routes to allow for construction of the Scheme
Kingpost wall
A retaining structure formed by driving steel posts into the ground, with reinforced concrete planks slotted into the posts to retain the earthworks.
Negligible importance for nature conservation
Areas of habitat of negligible importance would usually be applied to areas such as the built development or areas of intensive agricultural land although there may be circumstances where notable species are associated with such habitats.
Of county value for nature conservation
Areas of habitat of county importance would include Special Wildlife Sites within Worcestershire.
Of local value for nature conservation
Areas of habitat of local importance would include significant ecological features such as old hedges, woodlands and ponds.
Of value within the scheme only for nature conservation
Areas of habitat of importance within the Scheme only would include a habitat mosaic of grassland and scrub which may support a diversity of common wildlife species.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Term
Description
OLE Portal
A steel structure with two columns, one each side of the track, supporting the overhead electrified lines for (usually) two or more tracks. Example photograph below.
PPGs
Pollution Prevention Guidelines Notes (PPGs). The Environment Agency has written a range of Pollution Prevention Guidance Notes (PPGs). Each PPG gives advice on the law and good environmental practice, to help reduce environmental risks from business activities.
REB
Re-locatable Equipment Building. A portable container type building used to house signalling and telecommunications equipment. The REBs on this Scheme will be painted green. Example photograph of green REB shown below.
Scheme
The proposals authorised by the Network Rail (Redditch Branch Enhancement) Order
Site
The land within the redline boundary for which development consent is sought, including the existing railway, works for widening of the railway, accommodation works, haul roads, permanent access routes and temporary works compounds.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Term
Description
STC
Single Track Cantilever – a steel column structure supporting the overhead electrified lines for a single track. Example photograph below.
SWS
Special Wildlife Sites (SWS) e.g. Shortwood Rough Ground SWS and Butler’s Hill SWS. SWS are non-statutory designated sites of importance for nature conservation. Non-statutory designated sites do not receive legal protection but are protected from damage by local and national planning policy including Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2005).
Title of Order
The Network Rail (Redditch Branch Enhancement) Order
The DCO
The Development Consent Order providing powers for the Scheme
TTC
Twin Track Cantilever - a steel column structure supporting the overhead electrified lines for two tracks. Example photograph below.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Contents Section
Page
Executive Summary
i
1
Introduction
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Background Purpose of this Report The Site Construction Programme The Survey Area
1 2 2 5 5
2
Methodology
1
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
Consultation Surveyors’ Experience Assessment Data Gathering Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Phase II Surveys Survey Limitations Tree Survey
1 1 2 6 6 7 10 11
3.
Existing Conditions
11
3.1 3.2 3.3
Designated Sites Other Habitats Notable Species
11 13 15
4.
Nature Conservation Evaluation
24
5.
Proposed Mitigation and Residual Impact Assessment
26
5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6.
Avoidance of Impacts General Mitigation Designated Sites Habitats Notable Species Enhancements
26 26 28 28 30 34
6.
Conclusions
35
7.
Bibliography
37
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Tables Table 3.1: Summary of Designated Sites Table 3.2: Summary of habitats that may qualify as BAP Priority Habitats within the scheme Table 3.3: Summary of notable species records Table 3.4: Summary of Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Scores Table 5.1: Summary of Impacts to Culverts
11 15 15 20 29
Appendices Appendix A
1
A.1 A.2
2 3
Scheme Plans Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan
Appendix B
7
B.1 B.2
8 5
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd Reports Atkins Dormouse Survey Report
Appendix C
10
C.1
10
Methodologies
Appendix D
16
D.1
16
Summary of Relevant Legislation
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Executive Summary ES 1.1 The Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme may lead to adverse ecological impacts. A suite of ecological surveys have been carried out, the scope of which was agreed with key stakeholders, to inform the ecological impact assessment of the Scheme. ES 1.2 The following potential designated sites, habitats and species may be affected: •
Shortwood Rough and Butler’s Hill Wood Special Wildlife Sites (SWS) and ancient woodlands;
•
Semi-natural habitat including species-poor hedgerows, scattered trees, scrub, species-poor semi-improved grassland, woodland edge habitat, arable and pasture field edges and tall ruderal habitat;
•
Great crested newts and other amphibians; and,
•
Nesting birds.
ES 1.3 Where adverse impacts cannot be avoided the following measures will be undertaken, and will be subject to consultation with key stakeholders: •
General mitigation including protection of retained vegetation, adherence to relevant Pollution Prevention Guidelines (PPGs) and Construction Industry Research and Information Association guidance, preparation of a Construction Environmental Management Plan and supervision of sensitive works by specialist ecological support , and monitoring of new planting;
•
Shortwood Rough SWS and Butler’s Hill Wood SWS and ancient woodlands will be fenced off from the construction works to protect them;
•
Impacts to the water courses will be mitigated by habitat enhancement, including thinning of trees overhanging the water courses to increase the floral diversity along the banks of the water courses;
•
Replacement planting and translocation of woodland edge and native species rich hedgerows on the new embankments, to ensure there is a net gain of these habitats;
•
Works to terrestrial habitats used by great crested newts will be carried out under a development licence from Natural England, two replacement ponds will be created prior to the temporary isolation of Pond 14 arising from the haul road, a clearance exercise will be undertaken to trap and move all great crested newts and other amphibians under the development licence; and,
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
i
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
•
Vegetation clearance will be carried out after September and before February where possible, to avoid the nesting bird season, if this is not possible a check for nesting birds will be undertaken 24 prior to clearance, and any nests found will be left in situ, with at least a 5 m buffer of vegetation retained, until all birds are fledged and have left the nest.
ES 1.4 Enhancements to biodiversity are possible within the Scheme by the provision of insect refuges, made from small stacks of recycled materials that can offer refuge sites for ladybirds and other species, as well as log piles as refuges for amphibians. Bird nest boxes and bat roost boxes will be placed on suitable trees in close proximity to the Scheme (locations to be agreed with landowners). ES 1.5 It should be noted that further survey for great crested newts, bats and whiteclawed crayfish are ongoing and the survey results will be included and will subsequently inform the impact assessment and mitigation requirements for the final submission of this report.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
ii
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
1
Introduction
1.1
Background
1.1.1.
Consent for the construction and operation of the Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme is to be sought through an application to the Secretary of State for a Development Consent Order (DCO) under the Planning Act 2008. As part of the preparation of the application for the DCO Network Rail is required to undertake statutory consultation with local authorities, landowners and those with an interest in the land, community and other organisations in the vicinity of the Scheme who may be affected both directly and indirectly by the Scheme, and wider organisations who may be affected.
1.1.2.
The screening opinion issued by the Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) advised that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was not required to be undertaken. However, this report comprises one of seven assessments requested by the IPC in their screening opinion, which will be revised to take account of feedback from the current period of consultation, and issued as supporting documents with the application for the DCO. The list of reports, and their reference numbers, is set out below: •
Ecological Impact Assessment Report and plan (Ref. 6.1)
•
Archaeological and Historic Impact Assessment Report and Plan (Ref. 6.2)
•
Noise Assessment Report (Ref. 6.3)
•
Visual Impacts Report and Landscape Plan/Strategy (Ref. 6.4)
•
Land Quality Report (Ref. 6.5)
•
Waste Management Plan (Ref. 6.6)
•
Construction Environmental Management Plan (6.7)
1.1.3.
In addition to the above, an Arboricultural Implications Assessment (Ref. 6.8) has been prepared and included as an appendix to 6.4, and a Flood Risk Assessment (Ref. 5.4) has been prepared.
1.1.4.
These environmental reports have been prepared to provide information on the potential environmental effects arising from the Scheme as part of the statutory consultation.
1.1.5.
The Scheme is currently at outline design stage. During this stage a process of iterative design has been occurring whereby the potential environmental impacts of the Scheme during construction and operation have been identified, and opportunities to mitigate these by revising the description and design of the
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Scheme have been explored. This has resulted in a number of changes being implemented and this iterative process will continue into the detailed design stage of the Scheme. 1.1.6.
A Scheme overview drawing (5109498-DRG-93-001) is provided in Appendix A.1, and a summary of the proposed Scheme is provided below. Drawings showing the key elements of the Scheme design referred to below are provided on drawings 5107971-RED-DRG-EN-000001 to 000005 in Appendix A.1.
1.2
Purpose of this Report
1.1.1.
Ecological constraints assessments have been undertaken for the Scheme in 2010 and updated in 2011 1 by Atkins, with further great crested newt surveys and protected species surveys undertaken by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd in 2011 2. A dormouse survey was also undertaken by Atkins in 2011 3. All previous survey reports are included in Appendix B.
1.1.2.
This report presents the ecological information obtained during a desk-study, walkover surveys undertaken in July 2011 and the detailed protected species surveys undertaken between July 2011 and March 2012 as detailed above. The report evaluates the nature conservation value of ecological features present at the application site, assesses the significance of the effects of the proposed development on these features, and sets out proposed mitigation and enhancement measures.
1.1.3.
This report is intended to be used to inform consultees of the potential ecological impacts and proposed mitigation for the Scheme. This report will be updated in response to feedback from consultation and as surveys are completed in 2012, and will be finalised in July 2012.
1.3
The Site
1.2.1.
The Site comprises the land required to construct and operate the Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme. This includes land required temporarily for construction access, material storage and site offices, and land required permanently for the new railway infrastructure described in detail below.
1.2.2.
The majority of the Site comprises a section of the operational railway line between Alvechurch and Redditch, comprising track, overhead line support infrastructure, station platform at Alvechurch and associated cuttings and embankments within the Network Rail operational railway land boundary. The remainder of the Site comprises the immediately adjacent land, mostly in agricultural use, required for the Scheme.
1
Atkins 2011, Redditch Cross City Enhancement: GRIP Stage 3, Ecological Constraints Report, March 2011 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Great crested newt survey, March 2012, Rev 6; and, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 3 Atkins 2012, Redditch Branch Enhancements, Environmental Impact Assessment- Dormouse Survey Report, 5104883ATK-R-004, January 2012 2
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
2
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
1.2.3.
This will entail re-grading of existing embankments and cuttings, and also construction of retaining walls. Where widening cannot be accommodated in the existing boundaries, permanent land-take will be required. There will also be a requirement for temporary land-take, which will be used to facilitate construction of the Scheme, provide temporary access and accommodate construction compounds. Drawings 5107971-RED-DRG-EN-000001 to 000003 show the anticipated extent of both the temporary and permanent land-take required for the scheme, together with the scheme red line boundary.
1.2.4.
The entire loop will be served by Overhead Line Electrification (OLE), with single track cantilevers (STC) predominantly being installed to support the new electric lines for both tracks, however in certain locations twin track cantilevers (TTC) will be required in lieu of STCs. Through the Alvechurch station area OLE portal structures will be required in order to prevent the structures from impeding access for passengers using the platform. Cable troughing will be installed along the edge of the tracks in which to run new telecommunications and signal wiring associated with the Scheme. A number of signals will be required to control train movements on the loop.
1.2.5.
Temporary haul roads, to serve construction traffic, will be constructed at various points alongside of the existing Redditch Branch between Alvechurch and Weights Lane. These will be approximately 10m in width, but this will vary depending on the location. Four construction compounds will be used for offices, and to store plant and construction materials. All temporary haul roads and compounds will be removed on completion of the Scheme and the land reinstated to its current condition.
1.2.6.
From the north to the south, the works start at Network Rail chainage 53miles (m) 24.8chains (ch) (corresponding to a design chainage of 694m) on embankment. Some minor embankment re-grading will be undertaken to establish a safe walking route for track maintenance staff adjacent to the railway (within Network Rail land). This safe walking route is being provided along the full length of the loop. The new loop starts at chainage 53m 26.1ch (720m), passing into cutting north of Station Road (overbridge (OB) 10). The cutting is being widened to accommodate the new track. A short length (approximately 15m) of king post retaining wall will be used to retain the existing parking area to the east of the canal where the re-graded cutting is in close proximity. On the east side of the track in this area a walkway is being provided from Alvechurch station for maintenance teams to reach the points. A small retaining structure will be needed to construct the walkway in the cutting. The loop passes under OB10, where minor modification will be undertaken to the bridge parapet, and an attachment for the new OLE will be constructed beneath the bridge. Through Alvechurch Station the existing cutting on the west side of the track will be widened to accommodate both the loop and an additional platform. A new shelter and lighting will be provided on the new platform. An existing pedestrian level crossing within Alvechurch station will be removed and replaced with a new
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
3
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
footbridge, clad in blue brick with lifts provided at each platform (new and existing). At the northern end of the new platform, a Relocatable Equipment Building (REB) will be installed together with a new signal, controlling trains leaving the station and travelling north. 1.2.7.
A construction compound and site access will be required in the agricultural field to the west of Alvechurch Station.
1.2.8.
South of Alvechurch Station the loop will pass onto embankment and over Scarfields Dingle, where a gabion retaining wall will be constructed to widen the railway but minimise the required land-take and resulting impacts on the watercourse. The existing culvert, culvert 11, at 53m 53.4ch (1270m) will be extended (on the west side only) to accommodate the widened embankment. A new signal will be installed at 53m 60.1ch (1405m).
1.2.9.
The railway passes into cutting between about 53m 63.9ch (1480m) and 53m 74.3ch (1690m) and this will be widened, with a gabion retaining structure at the toe, adjacent to the track. Where the track passes adjacent to a woodland and ponds at about 53m 74.8ch (1700m) a king post retaining wall will be used to minimise land-take and loss of the existing woodland habitat.
1.2.10.
To the north of Grange Lane, the loop will then cross another culvert – culvert 11A at 53m 78.8ch (1780m) – which will also require extension on the west side, then under Grange Lane (OB12) where an OLE attachment will be required. A site compound and construction vehicle access point will be located in the corner of an arable field to the west of the existing railway and south of Grange Lane.
1.2.11.
Continuing south from Grange Lane, the loop passes onto embankment which will be widened by re-grading until approximately 54m 28.6ch (2380m), where a king post retaining wall will then be used as the railway reaches the woodland at Shortwood Rough. Here, the railway passes over another culvert requiring extension – culvert 13 at 54m 34.1ch (2490m) – carrying Shortwood Dingle. A new signal will be installed at 54m 48.5ch (2781m).
1.2.12.
Further south near Butler’s Wood Cottage, again on embankment, culvert 14 at 54m 58.4ch (2980m) will require extension (west side only), and a gabion retaining wall will be built to minimise the land-take required to construct the loop. A second REB will be constructed to the west of the track at 54m 69.4ch (3200m), adjacent to the railway at the edge of Butler’s Wood.
1.2.13.
Some minor re-grading of the eastern and western side of the embankment will be required from 54m 61.4ch (3040m) with more substantial widening of both sides between 54m 71.3ch (3240m) and 55m 3.8ch (3490m). Culvert 14A at 54m 72.8ch (3270m) will require extension on both sides of the railway.
1.2.14.
Minor widening on the both sides of the embankment continues south towards Weights Farm. A new signal will be installed at 55m 5ch (3515m). A construction compound will be located west of the railway in the agricultural field immediately north of Weights Farm.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
4
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
1.2.15.
A new permanent access point will be provided to the track for maintenance of the new points, through the farm on existing hardstanding, and across a newly constructed ramp to the edge of the track where the new loop ends at 55m 21.4ch (3845m). Some additional widening of the embankment on the west side is required south of this as far as UB15 to accommodate the safe walking route. A new signal will be installed at 55m 34.6ch (4110m) between UB15 and UB16, the bridge over Weights Lane.
1.2.16.
Another construction compound is proposed within pasture fields to the east of the Redditch Branch, within Weights Farm, with access provided by Weights Lane.
1.4
Construction Programme
1.2.17.
The construction period will last from December 2013 to December 2014. Vegetation clearance will be undertaken during winter months to avoid nesting bird impacts. This will include an eight week closure of the Redditch Branch between Barnt Green and Redditch, during which period a bus service will replace the train service. The programme will seek wherever possible to undertake vegetation clearance during winter months to avoid disturbance of nesting birds. In addition the schedule for certain ecological mitigation (i.e. translocation of great crested newts and associated creation of receptor ponds creation will be undertaken in advance of the construction programme in Spring/ Summer 2013.
1.5
The Survey Area
1.3.1.
The ecological survey area comprises the Site (as set out in the scheme design and temporary and permanent land-take requirements drawings, Drawing refs – 5107971-RED-DRG-EN-000001 to 000003) and extends up to 500 m from the Site, although the survey area varies for different species.
1.3.2.
The extended phase 1 habitat survey comprised all land within the Site and land up to 50 m from it, where access was sought and subsequently granted (N.B access was not requested to residential properties as part of the extended phase 1 survey due to the intensive consultation that would be required and the general intensively managed nature of the land and thus low ecological potential). Relevant survey areas are described in the survey methodologies given in the reports in Appendix B and the methodologies set out in Appendix C. Unless stated otherwise all references to surveys of the Site refer to surveys within the red line boundary (as detailed in the scheme drawings) and up to 50 m from it where access was sought and granted.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
5
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2
Methodology
2.1
Consultation
2.1.1
The consultation with stakeholders regarding the ecological assessment for the scheme has two Phases. The first Phase was undertaken in relation to the Summary of Initial Environmental Information (Atkins, December 2011 4) report. This report was sent to local residents as well as the Environment Agency (EA), Worcestershire Wildlife Trust (WWT), Natural England (NE) and Worcestershire County Council (WCC). The comments arising from the first Phase of the consultation have been taken into account in this report.
2.1.2
On 13th March 2012 a site meeting was held with the EA and WWT with key stakeholders to discuss the scope of the works in more detail and to discuss the approach to mitigation and enhancements. This draft ecological impact assessment report will be used as part of the second phase of stakeholder and public consultation commencing in April. The responses to this, as well as the issues discussed at the site meeting, will be considered as part of the ongoing scheme development. Table 2.1: Consultees Responses Consultee
Date of Response
Response
Worcestershire County Council
11/07/11
Agreement with scope of ecological survey
Worcestershire County Council
16/02/12
Agreement with the scope of great crested newt surveys within residential properties
Environment Agency and Worcestershire Wildlife Trust
13/3/12
Consultation regarding detailed scheme design and potential impacts on ecological features within the site.
2.1.3
2.2
Surveyors’ Experience
2.2.1
Atkins ecologists undertaking the surveys are all members of the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM). A brief summary of the experience of the ecologists carrying out the surveys and assessment is given below. The experience and qualifications of Whitcher Wildlife Ltd surveyors is given in the reports in Appendix B.1.
2.2.2
The extended phase 1 habitat survey was undertaken by James Girgis, Atkins ecologist with over five years experience of such surveys.
4
Redditch Branch Enhancements Scheme (Alvechurch), Summary of Initial Environmental Information, September 2011, 5104883/ATK/R/003
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
1
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.2.3
All dormouse survey visits were carried out by Veronica Lawrie, a licensed dormouse surveyor (Natural England science and education licence number 20111790). Veronica has designed and undertaken dormouse surveys for seven years and has been an accredited agent and lead ecologist on a number of dormouse development licences.
2.2.4
All bat activity surveys and assessments will be carried out by ecologists with suitable experience of emergence/ re-entry surveys and tree/ structure assessments for bat roosts.
2.2.5
One of the ecologists present on each of the great crested newt survey visits will be licensed to survey for great crested newts. These licensed surveyors will include: Veronica Lawrie (Natural England licence no. 20114293), James Girgis (Natural England licence no. 20111765) and Keith Wilson (Natural England licence no. 20111558).
2.3
Assessment
2.3.1
The nature conservation evaluation and preliminary Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) has been undertaken with reference to current best practice and in particular the Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom (Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, June 2006).
Zone of Influence or Spatial Scope 2.3.2
To define the total extent of the study area for ecological assessment the proposed activities were reviewed in order to identify the spatial scale at which ecological features could be affected.
2.3.3
The Zone of Influence is the area encompassing all predicted negative ecological effects from the proposed scheme, both those which would occur as a result of land-take and habitat loss and those which would occur through disturbance such as noise.
2.3.4
Due to the scale and nature of the proposals, it is not considered that the impacts of the proposed works would extend beyond the scheme footprint and its immediate surroundings. The 50 m extended phase 1 habitat survey area beyond the scheme was considered appropriate to assess the potential impacts of the proposed development. No significant wildlife corridors or habitat connectivity were identified during a review of aerial photos to suggest a wider survey area would be necessary for the extended phase 1 habitat survey. This was confirmed during the surveys.
2.3.5
Based on the localised nature of the works the impacts are not considered likely to extend as far as 5 km. However a search area of 5 km was used for the gathering of contextual information for internationally designated sites.
2.3.6
All nationally designated sites within 2 km of the scheme were identified, due to the presence of water courses within the vicinity of the scheme that could be
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
2
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
subject to adverse effects upstream or downstream (e.g. impoundment, pollution or contamination). This concords with the advice in paragraph 71 in the joint Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) Circular 06/2005 supporting the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) on the maximum consultation areas around SSSI. 2.3.7
All non-statutory designated sites, such as SWS within 1 km were identified. This distance was considered suitable due to the nature of non-statutory sites which generally support features of lower ecological importance.
2.3.8
A search radius of 500 m was used for notable species. This distance is considered suitable to cover most of the territorial or home ranges of notable species (i.e. great crested newts). A search radius of 500 m from the scheme was used for undesignated notable habitats (i.e. ancient woodland), as where these habitats are over 500 m from the scheme they are not considered likely to be affected by the works.
2.3.9
The search/study areas used for the ecological assessment are shown on the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan and the Statutory and Non-Statutory Designated Sites & Water Bodies Plan in Appendix A.2.
Temporal Scope 2.3.10
To define the temporal scope for ecological assessment the proposed activities were reviewed in order to establish when impacts could occur and over what duration. Impacts have been assessed in the context of the predicted baseline conditions within the zone of influence during the lifetime of the project (i.e. the assessment takes into account how the existing conditions might change between the surveys and the start of construction and/or operation).
2.3.11
It is proposed that construction will begin in winter 2013/2014 and will last approximately nine months. The existing conditions of ecological features within the scheme are not expected to change noticeably by winter 2013.
Nature Conservation Evaluation Criteria 2.3.12
The nature conservation value or potential value of an ecological feature is determined within the following geographic context: •
International importance (e.g. internationally designated sites such as Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas, Ramsar sites);
•
National importance (e.g. nationally designated sites such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest);
•
County importance (e.g. Special Wildlife Sites within Worcestershire);
•
Local importance (e.g. important ecological features such as old hedges, woodlands, ponds);
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
3
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.3.13
•
Important within the scheme only e.g. habitat mosaic of grassland and scrub which may support a diversity of common wildlife species;
•
Negligible importance would usually be applied to areas such as built development or areas of intensive agricultural land although there may be circumstances where notable species are associated with such habitats.
It is usual to consider habitats and species together when ascribing a value to a feature using this geographic context. However, there are circumstances where an ecologist may feel it necessary to assign a value to a particularly notable species. In assigning value to species it is necessary to consider the species distribution and status including a consideration of trends based on available historical records and to make use of any relevant published evaluation criteria. For instance, the presence of a significant population of European protected species such as bats and great crested newts may be worth separate consideration 5.
Impact Assessment Criteria 2.3.14
The assessment of potential impacts arising from the proposed development takes into account both on-site impacts (i.e. within the footprint of proposed works) and those that may occur to adjacent and more distant ecological features.
2.3.15
The impact assessment has been carried out based on the available information as shown on the drawings in Appendix A.1.
2.3.16
Impacts can be positive or negative. Negative impacts can include:
2.3.17
•
Direct loss of wildlife habitats;
•
Fragmentation and isolation of habitats;
•
Disturbance to species from noise, light or other visual stimuli;
•
Changes to key habitat features.
Negative and positive impacts on nature conservation features have been characterised based on predicted changes as a result of the proposed activities. In order to characterise the impacts on each feature, the following parameters are taken account of: •
The magnitude of the impact;
•
The spatial extent over which the impact would occur;
•
The temporal duration of the impact;
5
Disturbance and protected species: understanding and applying the law in England and Wales, A view from Natural England and the Countryside Council for Wales (24 August 2007).
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
4
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
•
Whether the impact is reversible and over what timeframe; and,
•
The timing and frequency of the impact.
2.3.18
The assessment identifies those positive and negative impacts which would be ‘significant’, based on the integrity and the conservation status of the ecological feature. Impacts are unlikely to be significant where features of local value or sensitivity are subject to small scale or short-term impacts. However, where there are a number of small scale impacts that are not significant alone, it may be that, cumulatively, these may result in an overall significant impact.
2.3.19
The integrity of ‘defined’ sites is described as follows and has been used in this assessment to determine whether the impacts of the proposals on a designated site are likely to be significant: ‘The integrity of a site is the coherence of the ecological structure and function across its whole area that enables it to sustain the habitat, complex of habitats and/or the levels of populations of the species for which it was classified.’ 6
2.3.20
The conservation status of habitats and species within a defined geographical area is described as follows and has been used in this assessment to determine whether the impacts of the proposals on non-designated habitats and species are likely to be significant: ‘For habitats, conservation status is determined by the sum of influences acting on the habitat and its typical species, that may affect its long term distribution, structure and functions as well as the long term survival of its typical species within a given geographical area; For species, conservation status is determined by the sum of influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long term distribution and abundance of its population within a given geographical area.’3
2.3.21
In addition to determining the significance of an impact on any ecological features, this ecological impact assessment also identifies any legal requirements in relation to wildlife.
2.3.22
Detailed mitigation measures cannot be finalised at this stage of the project, due to the further detailed ecological surveys that need to be completed.
2.3.23
At this stage, for the habitats within the scheme, broad mitigation intentions are set out that have been agreed in principal with Network Rail and key stakeholders, and will be incorporated into the design and programme. This mitigation has been taken into account in the preliminary assessment of impacts. The mitigation includes measures to achieve the minimum standard of established practice plus additional measures to further reduce any adverse ecological impacts of the proposed development.
6
Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the United Kingdom, IEEM, 26 June 2006
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
5
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.3.24
In addition potential opportunities to enhance biodiversity within the scheme are identified.
2.4
Data Gathering
2.4.1
Ecological data gathering has been undertaken in February 2012 to update the existing desk study data obtained in July 2010, set out in the previous constraints report 7 as part of outline design of the scheme.
2.4.2
The Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website (http://magic.defra.gov.uk) was reviewed for information on statutory sites of international nature conservation value up to 5 km from the scheme; in particular Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) and Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar sites). A distance of 2 km was used for all other statutory designated sites including Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), National Nature Reserves (NNR) and Local Nature Reserves (LNR). A distance of 1 km was used for non-statutory designated sites; which are locally known as Special Wildlife Sites (SWS).
2.4.3
In addition a search for notable habitats (e.g. ancient woodlands) of nature conservation value was undertaken using the MAGIC website and Nature on the Map website within 500 m of the scheme.
2.4.4
A review of Ordnance Survey base plans were searched to identify any ponds and other water bodies (e.g. non-flowing ditches and field drains) that may be suitable for great crested newt to use within 500 m of the scheme. Great crested newts can use suitable terrestrial habitat up to 500 m from a breeding pond 8.
2.4.5
Records were requested from Worcestershire Biological Records Centre (WBRC) for non-statutory sites within 1 km of the scheme and notable species 9 within 500 m of the scheme.
2.4.6
The England Biodiversity List (EBL) 10 and the Worcestershire and UK Biodiversity Action Plans (BAP) were reviewed as part of the data gathering exercise to identify habitats and species of principal importance for biodiversity. The information obtained as part of the desk study has been used to determine which of these habitats and species are present (or may be present) within the scheme.
2.5
Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey
2.5.1
An extended phase 1 habitat survey was undertaken by Atkins ecologists on 1st, 4th and 8th July 2011 following the ‘Extended Phase 1’ methodology as set out in Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment (Institute of Environmental
7
Atkins 2011, Redditch Cross City Enhancement: GRIP Stage 3, Ecological Constraints Report, March 2011 Section 8.3.2 of the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines, Natural England, 2001. 9 Notable species including species which are legally protected, listed as a priority on the UK or Worcestershire Biodiversity Action Plan, are of principal importance for biodiversity , or are rare / endangered at a national or local level 8
10
http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/biodiversity/protectandmanage/habsandspeciesimportance.aspx DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
6
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Assessment, 1995). The extended phase 1 habitat survey provides information on the habitats in the scheme and assesses the potential for protected/notable fauna and flora to occur in or adjacent to the scheme. 2.5.2
The main habitats within the scheme, and up to 50 m from it, were mapped by hand onto OS base maps in the field, with accompanying field notes, and were digitised for the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan (see Appendix A.2) using colour codes set out in the Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey (Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2010). Target notes (e.g. T1) are used to describe habitats and species composition and highlight features of ecological interest (see Appendix A.2). Native plant names follow New Flora of the British Isles (3rd edition, Stace 2010).
2.5.3
During the extended phase 1 habitat surveys preliminary investigations were undertaken particularly in respect of the presence of legally protected species within the scheme, including: •
An assessment of the potential value of mature trees and structures, such as bridges and buildings, as roosting sites for bats and a search for evidence of bat use;
•
Searching for signs of badger activity including setts, tracks, snuffle holes and latrines;
•
Searching for signs of bird nests and identifying any suitable nesting habitats;
•
An inspection of watercourses to assess their suitability to support otter, water vole and white-clawed crayfish;
•
An inspection of aquatic habitats suitable to support fish, macro-invertebrates (including hand searching the bed substrate) and riparian plants;
•
An appraisal of habitats for their suitability to support amphibians, reptiles and dormice; and,
•
Searching for the presence of invasive plants listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and subject to strict legal control, including Japanese knotweed, giant knotweed, hybrid knotweed, giant hogweed and Himalayan balsam.
2.5.4
An assessment of aquatic habitats suitable to support great crested newt was undertaken separately by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd in April 2011 11.
2.6
Phase II Surveys
2.6.1
Briefly, Phase II surveys have been undertaken for the following species to date: •
11
Bats (comprising daytime inspections of trees, bridges and culverts only);
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Great crested newt survey, March 2012, Rev 6
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
7
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
•
Badger;
•
Otter and Water Vole;
•
Great Crested Newt (partial. See below);
•
Dormouse; and
•
Reptiles
The following additional species surveys are programmed for Summer 2012 and will be presented in the final report submission in August 2012: •
Bats – Emergence/ re-entry surveys of suitable trees and structures identified along the Site extent;
•
White-clawed crayfish – Scarfields stream (Culvert 11); and,
•
Great crested newt – Comprising Birmingham and Worcester Canal, further ponds and drainage ditches identified during a desk study update undertaken in January 2012 and targeted residential garden ponds in Alvechurch.
Bat Surveys 2.6.2
Daytime inspection surveys of trees, bridges and culverts for bats were undertaken by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd in July 2011 12. The methodology is given in the report in Appendix B.1.
2.6.3
As the survey area covered by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd was limited to land within the Network Rail boundary and did not include the adjacent habitat that will be lost to the scheme, further emergence/ re-entry surveys will be carried out in 2012 on trees that were found to have potential for roosting bats, and culverts that could not be inspected closely for potential to support roosting bats. Detailed methodology for the bat surveys is given in Appendix C.1.
Badger Surveys 2.6.4
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd undertook badger surveys in 2011 13. The methodology is given in the report in Appendix B.1.
2.6.5
During the surveys undertaken by Atkins in 2011, the badger survey results obtained by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd have been supplemented with additional evidence of badgers observed during the dormouse surveys (see below).
12
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 13 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
8
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.6.6
Badger setts were classified using the categories given in Appendix C.1.
Otter, Water Vole and White-Clawed Crayfish Surveys 2.6.7
In 2011, Whitcher Wildlife Ltd undertook an assessment of the potential for otter, water vole and white-clawed crayfish to use the streams that flow under the branch line 14, as set out in the survey report given in Appendix B. The streams that flow under the branch line are Scarfields Stream, Shortwood Dingle Stream and Butler’s Wood Stream. Presence/ absence surveys for otter and water vole were subsequently undertaken at these streams in March 2012 15 by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd and the survey methodologies for these surveys are given in Appendix C.1.
2.6.8
Scarfields Stream was not assessed for white-clawed crayfish during the surveys in 2011.. Further surveys of Scarfields stream for white-clawed crayfish are programmed for Summer 2012..
Great Crested Newt Surveys 2.6.9
In 2011, Whitcher Wildlife Ltd undertook great crested newt surveys of eleven ponds within 500 m of the railway boundary 16. The methodology is set out in the report given in Appendix B.1.
2.6.10
A review of the barriers affecting great crested newt migration within the local area was conducted in February 2012 and identified further water bodies within 500 m of the scheme where surveys had not yet been conducted. Therefore additional great crested newt surveys to include these ponds and other water bodies will be carried out by Atkins in 2012. The proposed methodology is set out in Appendix C.1.
Reptile Surveys 2.6.11
In 2011 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd undertook reptile surveys 17. The methodology is set out in Appendix B.1.
Dormouse Survey 2.6.12
In 2011, Atkins undertook dormouse surveys within and adjacent to the scheme in habitat considered to be suitable to support dormouse18. The methodology is given in the survey report in Appendix B.2.
14
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 15 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 16 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Great crested newt survey, March 2012, Rev 6 17 Whitcher Wildlife Ltd 2012, Redditch Branch Line Enhancement, Protected Fauna Survey and Reptile Survey, March 2012 Rev 5 DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
9
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.7
Survey Limitations
2.7.1
Ecological surveys are limited by factors which affect the presence of plants and animals such as the time of year, migration patterns and behaviour. The ecological surveys have not therefore produced a complete list of plants and animals and the absence of evidence of any particular species should not be taken as conclusive proof that the species is not present or that it will not be present in the future.
2.7.2
The list of invasive plant species included on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) is extensive and these plants are found in a range of different habitats, including aquatic habitats. The ecology survey checked, in particular, for the presence of Japanese knotweed, giant knotweed, hybrid knotweed, giant hogweed and Himalayan balsam.
2.7.3
The extended phase 1 habitat assessment completed by Atkins in 2011 encountered the following limitations:
2.7.4
•
Land where no access was gained comprised residential properties and associated gardens on Brandon Road, Tranter Avenue, Dellow Grove and Birmingham Road and associated gardens and the industrial estate north of Windsor Road. These areas are marked on the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan in Appendix A.2 as ‘not surveyed’. Lack of access to this land in the most part is considered not to materially limit the survey or the subsequent assessment, as these areas will not be directly affected by the scheme. The industrial estate predominantly comprises hard standing areas with little potential to support notable species (as established from aerial photography);
•
The timing of the survey was after a prolonged period of dry weather, meaning that many of the watercourses were either dry or at very low flow levels. The field observations have therefore been made at a time when aquatic habitats were constrained by a lack of natural flows. However it is considered that the survey was sufficient to provide an evaluation of these watercourses;
•
A dry ditch at Culvert 11 (see Figure 5.9.6 of the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan in Appendix A.2) was not fully accessible due to hedgerow and bramble growth. However the survey allowed an evaluation of this watercourse based on the accessible sections.
Limitations associated with the surveys undertaken by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd are set out in the survey reports in Appendix B.1.
18
Atkins 2012, Redditch Branch Enhancements, Environmental Impact Assessment- Dormouse Survey Report, 5104883-ATK-R-004, January 2012 DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
10
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
2.7.5
Any limitations associated with the bat surveys, great crested newt surveys andwhite-clawed crayfish surveys to be carried out in 2012 will be added once the surveys are completed.
2.7.6
The above limitations have been taken into account within the ecological assessment and the conclusions of this assessment are considered to be valid despite these survey limitations.
2.8
Tree Survey
2.8.1
An arboricultural assessment, including a search for Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs) was undertaken by Atkins in 2012 as part of the environmental assessment work for the scheme. The methodology and results of the arboricultural assessment are given in Appendix C of the landscape and visual assessment report (Document Ref: 6.4) and the results have been used to inform the evaluation of ecological impacts below.
3.
Existing Conditions
3.1
Designated Sites
3.1.1.
There are no internationally designated sites within 5 km of the scheme (see Appendix A.2). As such there is no need to complete a Habitats Regulations Assessment (in accordance with the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations, 2010, as amended).
3.1.2.
There are four nationally important designated sites within 2 km of the scheme; three SSSIs and one LNR. There are seven non-statutory designated sites of importance for nature conservation within 1 km of the scheme (SWS).
3.1.3.
Non-statutory designated sites do not receive legal protection but are protected from damage by local and national planning policy including the NPPF (Department for Communities and Local Government, March 2012).
3.1.4.
Table 3.1 below outlines the results of the desk study information on designated sites gathered from the MAGIC website and from the Worcestershire Biological Records Centre (WBRC). A summary of relevant legislation is included in Appendix D.1. Table 3.1: Summary of Designated Sites Designated Site
Description
Special Protection Area (SPA)
None within 5 km of the scheme.
Special Area of Conservation (SAC)
None within 5 km of the scheme.
Wetland of International Importance (Ramsar
None within 5 km of the scheme.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
11
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Designated Site
Description
site) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
Hewell Park Lake SSSI: lies approximately 2 km west of the scheme (SP010690). The SSSI comprises an ornamental lake surrounded by ornamental woodland set in the grounds of Hewell Grange. Bittell Reservoirs SSSI: is over 1 km north of the northern extent of the scheme (SP018750). The reservoirs are important for wintering waders and waterfowl and some breeding bird species. Nationally rare and locally scarce plant species are present in the marginal plant communities and the scheme supports a rich invertebrate assemblage. Dagnell End Meadow SSSI: is over 1 km south east from the southern extent of the scheme (SP052692). It is an area of ancient permanent pasture lying in the valley of the River Arrow, one of the last areas of such pasture in Worcestershire.
National Nature Reserve (NNR)
None within 2 km of the scheme.
Local Nature Reserve (LNR)
Pitcher Oak Wood LNR: is approximately 2 km south-west of the southern end of the scheme (SP028670). It is ancient semi-natural woodland with diverse flora, invertebrates and associated birds and bats.
Non-Statutory Designated Sites
Shortwood Rough Ground SWS: Adjacent to the western edge of the scheme (SP019704) and comprises ancient semi-natural woodland with varied ground flora and good breeding bird population. There is a record of great crested newts in one of the numerous ponds throughout the woodland. Butler’s Hill Wood SWS: Adjacent to the western edge of the scheme (SP027697) and comprises broad-leaved woodland with badger setts present. Worcester and Birmingham Canal SWS: Located approximately 100 m west of the scheme (SP021720) at its closest point, near Alvechurch. It has fish present, as well as otter and kingfisher in some places. River Arrow SWS: Located 250 m east of the scheme (SP038694), at the closest point and has otter and kingfisher in some places. Alvechurch Playing Fields SWS: Located approximately 1 km north and east of the northern extent of the scheme (SP029729). It is a fragment of marsh lying close to the wooded corridor of the River Arrow (itself a SWS), but forming one corner of a mown recreation ground off Meadow Lane, Alvechurch. Foxhill House Meadow SWS: Located approximately 800 m west of the northern extent of the scheme (SP011723); it is a small flushed area of rush pasture and unimproved grassland surrounding a hillside spring. Old Fish Ponds SWS: Located 1 km east of the northern extent of the scheme (SP033725), comprising watercourses, scrub, mature trees, rush-pasture and marsh habitats.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
12
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
3.2
Other Habitats
3.2.1.
The desk study identified three areas of ancient woodland within 500 m west of the scheme (see Appendix A.2): •
Andrews Coppice ancient and replanted ancient woodland in the north of the scheme, over 450 m to the west and across the Worcester and Birmingham canal;
•
Shortwood Rough Ground SWS which comprises ancient woodland (with a small area of replanted ancient woodland) is further south, and immediately adjacent and west of the scheme;
•
Butler’s Hill Wood SWS ancient replanted woodland is towards the southern end of the scheme and adjacent to its western edge.
3.2.2.
Ancient woodland refers to areas of land that have had a continuous woodland cover since 1600 and are likely to have developed naturally 19. Ancient Woodland is protected by national planning policy (NPPF) as this resource cannot increase and is irreplaceable.
3.2.3.
As shown on the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan and accompanying target notes (e.g. T1) in Appendix A.2 the current Redditch Branch railway line forms the majority of the scheme and comprises a single track ballasted rail corridor passing through well vegetated embankment and cutting slopes. The railway corridor is lined on both sides in the most part by intermittent speciespoor hedgerow which is dominated by common hawthorn and blackthorn with occasional bramble scrub, species-poor semi-improved grassland and scattered broad-leaved trees.
3.2.4.
The majority of habitats adjacent to the railway corridor (within the scheme boundary) comprise species-poor semi-improved neutral and improved grassland pasture associated with cattle and sheep grazing, as well as arable wheat fields at Weights and Grange Farms. Species-poor hedgerows form the boundaries between the fields. The scheme abuts two areas of broad-leaved woodland, which are also ancient woodland, on its western side: Butler’s Hill Wood SWS (T25) and Shortwood Rough Ground SWS (T21). Both woodlands comprise semi-mature ash, alder and oak with dog’s mercury and bramble dominant in the ground flora.
3.2.5.
An area of scattered trees including semi-mature willow and ash with dense patches of hawthorn, bramble and blackthorn scrub and a dense understory of tall ruderal habitat (i.e. areas which have generally been subject to disturbance or
19
There are two types of ancient woodland: ancient semi-natural woodland and ancient replanted woodland. Ancient semi-natural woodland are ancient woodland sites that have retained the native tree and shrub cover and have not been planted (although it may have been managed by coppicing or felling and allowed to regenerate naturally). Ancient replanted woodland are ancient woodland sites where the original native tree cover has been felled and replaced by planting, usually with conifers and usually this century.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
13
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
nutrient enrichment and are dominated by tall, weedy herbaceous species such nettle) (T4) abuts the western rail embankment slope toward the northern extent of the scheme. 3.2.6.
The scheme passes directly over three flowing streams (observed by Atkins during July 2011 survey): Butler’s Wood Stream, Shortwood Dingle Stream and Scarfield Stream which all pass in culvert beneath the Redditch Branch. A fourth stream (Withybed Stream) is located over 100 m north of the scheme. The streams and all water bodies are shown on Figure 5.9.6 (Statutory and NonStatutory Designated Sites & Water Bodies) in Appendix A. Three dry ditches (T26, T14 and T12) pass beneath the scheme in culvert. None of these are classified by the Environment Agency as ‘Main River’ but as ‘Minor Watercourses’ that are under the control of the local authority or land owners.
3.2.7.
To the west of the existing branch line at Weights Farm are farm buildings, and associated hard standing areas. Between Weights Farm and Butler’s Wood Cottage is a large spoil heap, apparently comprising soil. Around Butler’s Wood Cottage is an area of amenity grassland. Residential properties with associated gardens are located to the east of the scheme at the northern extent of the scheme at Alvechurch.
3.2.8.
The scheme will cross two single span underbridges at Weights Farm (UB 15) and Weights Lane (UB 16) and two over bridges at Station Road (OB 10) and Grange Lane (OB 12) respectively.
3.2.9.
Notable habitats in the vicinity of the scheme, but not within it, include the Worcester and Birmingham Canal SWS (T1) and the River Arrow SWS. The canal, with associated tow path, passes approximately 30 m to the west of the scheme at its closest point (although at this location the canal is not designated as an SWS). The canal exhibits dense marginal vegetation predominantly comprising flag iris, bulrush and meadow sweet along this stretch. The River Arrow flows in a southerly direction to the east, approximately 150 m from the scheme at its closest point at Weights Lane. The river channel is shaded by scattered broadleaved trees and a hawthorn dominant scrub along this stretch with occasional stands of Himalayan balsam. This watercourse is classified by the Environment Agency as a ‘Main River’. A kingfisher was observed along this stretch during the July 2011 extended phase 1 habitat survey.
3.2.10.
A total of 25 ponds, 11 drains/ ditches and four streams (named above) were identified within 500 m of the scheme from Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping in 2012. According to Whitcher Wildlife Ltd nine of the ponds identified from OS mapping are not present (pond numbers 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23 and 24 as given in their survey report), and one extra was found (pond number 6 shown on Figure 5.9.6). The closest pond immediately abuts the existing Redditch Branch corridor to the west at Weights Farm (T28). All water bodies are shown on Figure 5.9.6 in Appendix A.2.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
14
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
3.2.11.
Table 3.2 lists the UK and Worcestershire BAP priority habitat types for which the habitats within the scheme area may qualify, subject to revision in light of further survey results. Table 3.2: Summary of habitats that may qualify as BAP Priority Habitats within the scheme UK Biodiversity Action Plan Habitats Rivers and Streams Ponds Lowland mixed deciduous woodland
Worcestershire Biodiversity Action Plan Habitats Woodland Ponds and Lakes Canals Rivers and stream
3.3
Notable Species
3.3.1.
The extended phase 1 habitat survey identified potential habitat for, and field signs of, the following legally protected and notable species within the scheme: bats, badger, water vole, otter, dormouse, white-clawed crayfish, nesting birds, reptiles, great crested newts and other amphibians. The legislation relating to relevant species is provided in Appendix D.1.
3.3.2.
No evidence of any other legally protected or notable species or potential habitat for these species was found within the scheme.
3.3.3.
The following is an account of the desk study and field evidence of species within the scheme. Where Whitcher Wildlife Ltd surveyed for protected species the results are given in Appendix B.1 in their survey reports and are only summarised in the relevant sections below.
3.3.4.
There is outstanding survey work to be completed in 2012 for bats,, white-clawed crayfish and great crested newts. This report will be updated with the results of these surveys, when information becomes available.
3.3.5.
The conservation status of species is noted, such as whether they are Worcestershire or UK BAP or species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity. A summary of the desk study data for notable species records received form WBRC is given in Table 3.3 below. Table 3.3: Summary of notable species records Species
Description
Bat
No records within 500 m of the scheme.
Badger
There are two records of badger approximately 500 m west of the scheme
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
15
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Species
Description across the Worcester and Birmingham Canal SWS. Badger setts have been recorded in Butler’s Hill Wood SWS, which extends adjacent from the west of the scheme, but the exact location is not known.
Otter
There is a record approximately 500 m from the scheme near the River Arrow SWS, which is also known to support otter. Otter have been recorded in the Worcester and Birmingham Canal, which is 30 m west of the scheme at its closest point.
Water vole
There are records of water vole within the Worcester and Birmingham Canal, which is 30 m west of the scheme at its closest point.
White-clawed crayfish
No records within 500 m of the scheme.
Great crested newt and other amphibians
There is a record of great crested newt approximately 500 m west of the scheme within the Shortwood Rough Ground SWS. In the same location is a record of smooth newt. Common toad has been recorded approximately 500 m from the scheme, north of Alvechurch Station and south of the southern extent of the scheme at Bordesley Abbey.
Common Reptiles
There is a record of grass snake approximately 500 m west of the scheme (at the Alvechurch end).
Dormouse
No records within 500 m of the scheme.
Birds
There is a record of tawny owl approximately 500 m east of the scheme at Alvechurch. Kingfisher is known along the River Arrow SWS over 250 m to the east of the scheme.
Invasive Plants
No records within 500 m of the scheme.
Other species
Harvest mouse and hedgehog have been recorded approximately 500 m east and north of the scheme, in Alvechurch. There are records of seven butterfly and moth species within 500 m of the scheme: white admiral, knotgrass, garden tiger, garden dart, dot moth, powdered quaker and cinnabar. There is a record of annual water starwort within the Lower Bittell Reservoir over 500 m north of the scheme.
Local and UK BAP priority species
Three of the species recorded within 500 m of the scheme are included in the list of Worcestershire BAP species: great crested newt, otter and water vole. Seven of the species recorded within 500 m of the scheme are included in the list of UK BAP species: grass snake, common toad, great crested newt, harvest mouse, hedgehog, otter and water vole. In addition the seven butterfly and moth species are included in the list.
Bats 3.3.6.
There are no records of bats within 500 m of the scheme. However the semimature and mature trees within and adjacent to the scheme have potential to support roosting bats (see Appendix C.1 for definitions of bat roost potential), as do several of the bridges and culverts.
3.3.7.
No bat roosts were confirmed during the extended phase 1 habitat survey. However the potential for roosting bats were identified within the following:
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
16
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
•
Sixteen semi-mature or mature trees identified (T8, T13 (two trees), T14 (10 trees), T20, T22 and T24) shown on the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan in Appendix A.2), all have features with low potential to support roosting bats and therefore further survey (comprising detailed inspection or emergence/ re-entry surveys) will be undertaken in 2012 to assess them.
3.3.8.
The potential for bats to roost in Culvert 11 and Culvert 14 could not be determined by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd therefore further surveys will be undertaken by Atkins in 2012 to assess them.
3.3.9.
The other culverts, bridges and trees within the scheme were considered to have negligible potential to support roosting bats (see Appendix C.1 for definitions of bat roost potential) and therefore no further survey of these structures and trees is required. There are no buildings within the scheme with potential to support roosting bats.
3.3.10.
The scheme and adjacent habitat supports suitable foraging and commuting habitat for bat species. Bats are likely to use the existing railway corridor, river corridors, hedgerows, edges of woodland and lines of scattered trees for commuting routes. Species such as Daubentons, if present, are also likely to forage over the water bodies.
3.3.11.
Bats are a European protected species and all that are found in the county are Worcestershire BAP species. Several bat species are listed as UK BAP species 20 and are also listed as species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
Badger 3.3.12.
Further to the records of badger 500 m west of the scheme and within Butler’s Hill Wood, the extended phase 1 Habitat survey found badger prints (T27) and latrines (T14 and T34) within the scheme and 100 m of it.
3.3.13.
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd did not find any signs of badger within the railway corridor Subsequent survey visits by Atkins ecologists found a main badger sett (T18) as shown on the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Plan in Appendix A.2.
3.3.14.
A main badger sett is located at a location in the vicinity of the Scheme In October 2011 it had three active sett entrances, with well worn paths leading away from them in each direction, and bedding in all of the entrances. An air hole was also noted near the sett entrances. A badger latrine comprising three fresh dung pits was located within 5 m of the sett.
3.3.15.
As agreed with Network Rail, the references to the badger setts have been removed from the published Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Plan and report to
20
Barbastelle, Bechsteins, noctule, soprano pipistrelle, brown long-eared, greater and lesser horseshoe bats. However barbastelle, Bechsteins and horseshoe bats are unlikely to be present within the scheme (http://data.nbn.org.uk/searchengine/search.jsp). DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
17
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
protect the badgers within the scheme from any persecution that may arise from knowledge of their presence. 3.3.16.
Badgers are legally protected due to their persecution rather than their conservation status as they are a common and widespread species within Worcestershire and the UK.
Otter 3.3.17.
There were no records of otter within 500 m of the scheme, although they are known in the River Arrow SWS and Worcester and Birmingham Canal SWS. The extended phase 1 habitat survey found potential for otters to be present within the following areas of the scheme: •
Shortwood Dingle stream up and downstream of culvert 13 (T19);
•
Butler’s Wood stream up and downstream of culvert 14 (T29); and,
•
Scarfield Stream up and downstream of culvert (T11).
3.3.18.
The Whitcher Wildlife Ltd surveys did not find otters within the railway corridor and found no evidence of otter at any of the watercourses when subsequently surveyed by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd in March 2012..
3.3.19.
Otter is a Worcestershire and UK BAP species and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
Water Vole 3.3.20.
There were six records of water vole within 500 m of the scheme, along the Worcester and Birmingham Canal (approximately 30 m west of the scheme) from 1999 and 2000.
3.3.21.
The extended phase 1 habitat survey identified habitat with potential to support water voles as follows: •
Shortwood Dingle stream up and downstream of culvert 13 (T19);
•
Butler’s Wood stream up and downstream of culvert 14 (T29); and
•
Scarfield Stream up and downstream of culvert (T11).
3.3.22.
The Whitcher Wildlife Ltd surveys did not find water voles within the railway corridor and found no evidence of water vole at any of the watercourses when subsequently surveyed by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd in March 2012.
3.3.23.
Water voles are a Worcestershire and UK BAP species and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
18
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
White-Clawed Crayfish 3.3.24.
The desk study found no records of white-clawed crayfish within 500 m of the scheme. Whitcher Wildlife Ltd did not find habitat suitable for surveying for this species.
3.3.25.
The extended phase 1 habitat survey undertaken by Atkins found the three watercourses within the scheme (Scarfield, Shortwood Dingle and Butler’s Wood Streams) to have negligible potential to support white-clawed crayfish as the substrate does not offer features (i.e. cobbles, boulders) that are required for refuge and water is not fast flowing.
3.3.26.
As a precautionary measure, as agreed with the EA the streams that flow through Culvert 11 and potentially Culvert 13 will be surveyed in 2012 for this species. The results of these surveys will be added to this report.
3.3.27.
White-clawed crayfish are Worcestershire and UK BAP species and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
Great Crested Newts and Other Amphibians 3.3.28.
In addition to records of great crested newt, smooth newt and toad within 500 m of the scheme, Whitcher Wildlife Ltd found great crested newts in Ponds 13, 14 and 16. Ponds 13 and 16 had a small population of great crested newts, with maximum counts of 6 and 2 respectively. Pond 14 was found to support a medium population with a maximum count of 26 great crested newts. Smooth newts were also found in these ponds, but no toads were found in any of the ponds. The full results are given in the report in Appendix B.1. The ponds are shown on Figure 5.9.6 in Appendix A.2.
3.3.29.
Several ponds (numbers 2, 3, 5, 8 and 16) and ditches (numbers 1- 11), as well as the Worcestershire and Birmingham Canal SWS are within 500 m of the scheme and have not been surveyed. There may also be ponds within adjacent private gardens that are not visible on OS mapping (this area is marked on Figure 5.9.6 in Appendix A.2). Atkins will carry out surveys on these additional water bodies in 2012 and the results will be added once the surveys are completed.
3.3.30.
There is abundant terrestrial habitat within the scheme that is suitable for foraging and sheltering great crested newts, as well as other amphibians. This habitat includes woodland, hedgerows and field boundaries, the bases of scattered trees, tall ruderal and scrub habitat, riverside and ditch vegetation, rough grassland and rubble/spoil piles. The arable and pasture fields may be used by commuting amphibians, but are sub-optimal habitats.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
19
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
3.3.31.
The Habitat Suitability Indices (HSI)21 of the water bodies surveyed by Whitcher Wildlife Ltd are given in the report in Appendix B.1 and summarised in Table 3.4 below. Those water bodies that were not visited in 2012 will be surveyed and the HSIs calculated in 2012. Table 3.4: Summary of Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Scores Water Body Number
HSI Score
Quality
1
0.64
Average
5
0.40
Poor
7
0.34
Poor
8
0.31
Poor
10
0.44
Poor
11
0.44
Poor
12
0.67
Average
13
0.66
Average
14
0.79
Good
15
0.66
Average
16
0.64
Average
17
0.46
Poor
Worcester and Birmingham Canal SWS
0.39
Poor
3.3.32.
The water bodies are also potential breeding habitat for other amphibian species including smooth newt, palmate newt, common toad and common frog. Common toad and smooth newt have been recorded within 500 m of the scheme.
3.3.33.
Great crested newts are a European Protected Species (see Appendix D.1) and great crested newts are listed as priority species within both the Worcestershire and UK BAP. They are a species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity. Toads are also a UK BAP species and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
Reptiles 3.3.34.
There is a record of grass snake 500 m west of the scheme. The extended phase 1 habitat survey found several habitats present within the scheme suitable for reptiles, as follows: the existing rail corridor, woodland, hedgerows/ field
21
HSI is a quantitative (numerical index, between 0 and 1) method of evaluating habitat suitability for great crested newts developed by Oldham et al 2000 (Oldham R.S., Keeble J., Swan M.J.S. & Jeffcote M. (2000), Evaluating the suitability of habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus), Herpetological Journal 10 (4), 143-155). The method uses ten suitability indices known to affect great crested newts which then produce a score; a HSI of 1 is optimal habitat while a HSI of 0 is very poor habitat. This method is not a substitute for great crested newt surveys and is used only as guidance to assist in determining where great crested newt surveys may be required. The HSI assessment must also be included with any licence application to Natural England. DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
20
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
boundaries, streams and drain/ ditch banks, tall ruderal and scrub habitat, rough grassland and rubble/spoil piles. 3.3.35.
The agricultural fields adjacent to the railway line are not considered likely to support reptiles given the lack of foraging or refuge opportunities and due to the regular disturbance from farming practices such as ploughing.
3.3.36.
Whitcher Wildlife Ltd found no reptiles during the surveys carried out in 2011 along the railway line corridor. Full results are given in the survey report in Appendix B1.
3.3.37.
Reptiles are not thought to be present within the scheme and are not considered further in this report.
Dormouse 3.3.38.
The scheme supports habitat with potential for dormice to nest and forage, but there are no records of the species within 500 m of it. The detailed dormouse surveys completed by Atkins in 2011 found no evidence of dormice within or near to the scheme, therefore dormice are not considered further in this report.
3.3.39.
The full survey results are given in the report in Appendix B.2.
Birds 3.3.40.
During the survey carried out by Atkins in 2010 and 2011 skylark (on the red list of Birds of Conservation Concern 22) was heard in an improved grassland field (T17). The scheme area itself is too limited in extent to support nesting skylark.
3.3.41.
Tawny owl has been recorded within 500 m of the scheme. The habitats within the scheme are not extensive enough to support breeding tawny owls, but they are likely to use the adjacent woodland and farmland habitats.
3.3.42.
Kingfisher is known to use the River Arrow SWS and was seen along it during the survey in 2011, but there is no suitable habitat within the scheme to support this species. Kingfisher receives special protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) 23.
3.3.43.
The scheme supports some suitable nesting habitat for birds within the field margins, hedges, scattered trees and woodland as well as the scrub habitat
22
The leading governmental and non-governmental conservation organisations in the UK have reviewed the population status of the birds that are regularly found in the UK. These birds have been placed onto one of three lists – red, amber or green (The Population Status of Birds in the UK, Birds of Conservation Concern, BTO 2009). Red list (http://www.bto.org/psob/redlist.htm) species are those that are Globally Threatened; those whose population or range has declined rapidly in recent years; and those that have declined historically and not shown a substantial recent recovery. Amber list (http://www.bto.org/psob/amberlist.htm) species are those with an unfavourable conservation status in Europe, those whose population or range has declined moderately in recent years; those whose population has declined historically but made a substantial recent recovery; rare breeders; and those with internationally important or localised populations. Species that fulfil none of the criteria are green-listed. 23 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
21
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
which is likely to support common farmland bird species such as woodpigeon and chaffinch. These areas, together with the tall ruderal habitat and rough grassland may provide feeding habitat during the remainder of the year for common bird species. Further surveys for breeding birds are not considered to be necessary given the limited area of habitat affected, the proposed mitigation measures including undertaking removal of vegetation outside the breeding bird season and the large scale replacement of habitat features providing suitability for breeding birds. This approach has been agreed in consultation with Worcestershire County Council 24.
Notable Plants 3.3.44.
There is a record of annual starwort, a locally notable plant, over 500 m north of the scheme in the Bittell Reservoir SSSI. There is a low probability that this species occurs within the scheme, as there is limited wetland habitat to support it.
3.3.45.
The extended phase 1 habitat survey did not identify any notable plant species. Given the majority of the scheme comprises railway embankment with low plant diversity; it is unlikely that notable plant species are present within the scheme.
Other Fauna 3.3.46.
There are records of seven butterfly and moth species within 500 m of the scheme (see Table 3.3) of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity. These species have specialised habitat requirements (including bramble, nettles, dandelions, docks, clovers, willows and ragwort), and while the host plants occur within the scheme there is a low probability that these species are present. They are not common species and there is a greater extent of available host plants in the wider landscape, reducing the probability of the species being present within the scheme. The likely impacts to the habitats within the scheme are temporary and are not considered to be significant for any associated invertebrate species, therefore invertebrate surveys are not considered to be necessary.
3.3.47.
The scheme is likely to support common small mammal species (field vole, bank vole and wood mouse). Hedgehogs may be present in the residential gardens, along the hedgerows and within the woodland. Hedgehog is a species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity. Harvest mouse has been recorded to the north of the scheme. There is limited grassland habitat within the scheme that could support harvest mouse. Harvest mouse is a UK BAP species as well as a species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
24
Email dated 11/07/11 James Girgis to Emily Barker -T Network Rail Redditch Branch Enhancements – Scope of Ecological Assessment DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
22
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
Invasive Plant Species 3.3.48.
No Japanese knotweed, giant knotweed, hybrid knotweed, giant hogweed or other invasive species have been identified within the scheme.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
23
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
4.
Nature Conservation Evaluation
4.1.1.
The habitats present within the scheme are typical of Worcestershire. The site comprises the railway corridor and some adjacent semi-natural habitat. The semi-natural habitat adjacent to the railway ballast and track consists predominantly of arable fields that are heavily managed and disturbed by agricultural practices. There are stretches of species-poor hedgerows parallel to the railway line, and perpendicular to it dividing the adjacent fields. There are four streams over which the railway passes, and there are short stretches of woodland edge. These linear features connect through the landscape and offer animals habitat for dispersal, foraging and refuge.
4.1.2.
There are no internationally designated sites of importance for nature conservation located within the scheme or within 5 km of the proposed scheme.
4.1.3.
There are three nationally important designated sites, three Sites of Special Scientific Importance (SSSIs) as well as one Local Nature Reserve (LNR) within 2 km of the scheme of county importance. There are seven non-statutory designated sites of importance for nature conservation within 1 km of the scheme (Special Wildlife Sites or SWSs) which also have county importance for nature conservation.
4.1.4.
The SSSIs and LNR are at least 1 km from the scheme, but two of the SWSs are adjacent to it, namely the Shortwood Rough Ground SWS and Butler’s Hill Wood SWS both comprising of ancient woodland.
4.1.5.
The small areas of semi-natural habitat within the scheme include the woodland edge habitat, ponds and drains/ditches, streams (Scarfield, Shortwood Dingle and Butler’s Wood streams) and species-poor hedgerows. These habitats are considered to be of some local importance (within 5 km of the scheme) for nature conservation.
4.1.6.
Many of the remaining habitats are of importance within the context of the scheme only, namely the arable and pasture fields, scattered trees, scrub, spoil heap, poor semi-improved grassland and tall ruderal habitat.
4.1.7.
The bare ground, roads and fences are considered to be of negligible importance for nature conservation.
4.1.8.
A number of notable faunal species have potential to be or have been found to be present within the scheme: bats, badger, water vole, otter, white-clawed crayfish, nesting birds, great crested newts and other amphibians. The nature conservation value of habitats suitable within the scheme for bats, and whiteclawed crayfish can be re-assessed following further surveys. Provisionally it is considered that the habitats within the scheme are of local importance for great crested newts, in light of the Whitcher Wildlife Ltd survey results. The habitats
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
24
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
within the scheme are considered to be of importance within the scheme only for badgers, other amphibians and nesting birds.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
25
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
5.
Proposed Mitigation and Residual Impact Assessment
5.1.
Avoidance of Impacts
5.1.1.
In line with the Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the UK (IEEM 2006) the first approach to ecological mitigation would be to avoid negative ecological impacts. Where this is not possible it is necessary to reduce negative impacts by mitigation. Any remaining significant negative impacts should then be compensated for.
5.1.2.
It has been possible to avoid impacts to the habitats of higher nature conservation importance, such as the semi-improved grassland field north-west of OB 12. The construction compound has been moved away from the speciespoor semi-improved grassland field to an arable field of lower ecological value.
5.1.3.
Furthermore Butler’s Hill Wood SWS and ancient woodland has been avoided by moving the access track outside of it to adjacent undesignated land.
5.1.4.
Pond 14 is being retained within the scheme, by locating the access road around it. However it will be isolated from the wider landscape during the breeding season for amphibians (as the terrestrial habitat around the pond will be cut off by the haul road, preventing amphibians reaching this pond for breeding purposes). However Pond 14 can be available again for them when works are completed. The potential to install pipes under the haul road to maintain connectivity between the pond and the wider landscape during the construction works is being investigated, at the time of writing this report. These measures will help to avoid the temporary loss of the pond during the works.
5.2.
General Mitigation
5.2.1.
As outlined in Section 1.1, the Scheme is currently at outline design stage. Further development of the design will be undertaken as part of the detailed design phase of the Scheme, and this will also take account of the responses received from this stage of consultation, together with the results of the additional ecological surveys. This impact assessment will therefore be updated to reflect any changes required following this iterative process.
5.2.2.
Specific mitigation for designated sites, habitats and protected flora and fauna is discussed below and presented in combination with the landscape mitigation in the Indicative Environmental Mitigation Plan (Drawing No: 5109498-DRG-53032)..The following provides some additional broad mitigation measures which would be employed to minimise the ecological effects of the new stretch of
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
26
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
railway line and construction areas on ecology as well as the water environment and would be implemented both pre-construction and during construction. 5.2.3.
The potential for habitat damage of the Shortwood Rough SWS and Butler’s Hill Wood SWS (and associated ancient woodland habitats) will be mitigated by fencing off the designated sites during the construction phase to protect them from vehicles and construction activities.
5.2.4.
Vegetation removal will be kept to a minimum. Where trees, hedgerows, grassland, ditches and woodland habitats are being retained either within or immediately adjacent to the scheme these will be fenced within work exclusion zones in order to prevent damage from construction activities. British Standard 5837:2005 ‘Trees in relation to construction’ gives detailed guidance on measures for the protection of trees during the construction process which will be followed, further details on mitigation in relation to trees is given in the Atkins Tree Survey Report 2012 presented in Appendix C of the Visual Impacts Report and Landscape Plan/ Strategy (Document: 6.4). Habitat translocation, of the younger sections of hedgerows, is also being considered to supplement the planting scheme of hedgerows, trees, woodland edge and wildflower and grassland planting.
5.2.5.
Where watercourses or water bodies are within or adjacent to the scheme (and not directly affected by the works), these will be protected by 10 m works exclusion zones demarcated by fencing. Contractors will follow the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines (PPGs) in relation to avoidance of pollution, with particular reference to PPG01-06, PPG21 and PPG22, available on the EA website 25. The works will be carried out under appropriate consents for working near watercourses.
5.2.6.
CIRIA Industry guidance will also be followed and in particular: •
CIRIA C650 - Environmental Good Practice on Site (2nd Edition), 2005;
•
CIRIA C532 - Control of Water Pollution from Construction Sites, 2000;
•
CIRIA C648 - Control of water pollution from linear construction projects, 2006.
5.2.7.
Measures will be taken to minimise temporary disturbance effects on animals including sensitive use of artificial lighting during construction for nocturnal fauna (such as commuting or foraging bats) if found to be present.
5.2.8.
An Ecological Management Plan (EcMP) will be produced prior to any construction works and will detail impacts, mitigation and monitoring, such as post-construction monitoring of newly created habitats. Method statements for any habitat translocation will also be included, produced by an experienced ecologist, in conjunction with a landscape architect who has experience in
25
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/39083.aspx
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
27
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
translocation of habitats. The EcMP will also detail the party responsible for implementation and the timing of mitigation and monitoring. This EcMP will form the ecological section of the main Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). 5.2.9.
Specialist ecological support will be available as required for the duration of construction and for pre-clearance works. Their duties will include: •
Checking implementation of mitigation, compensation and enhancement for habitats and species;
•
advising site managers and contractors of ecological constraints associated with the proposals;
•
provision of training on ecological issues to contractors;
•
liaison with site managers to ensure that the EcMP is followed and updated;
•
checking nesting bird habitat for nests prior to vegetation clearance, if required during the bird breeding season;
•
overseeing planting and ecological enhancement measures including pond creation and wildlife mitigation areas in conjunction with the landscape architects.
5.2.10.
A monitoring programme will be put in place for all newly created habitats within the five year post construction maintenance and management period, which will document the timetable of management and monitoring of each relevant habitat and protected species.
5.2.11.
The protected species licence that will be required for great crested newts will include a specific monitoring programme post construction and this will be documented in the EcMP.
5.3.
Designated Sites
5.3.1.
The proposed development will not affect any statutory sites of nature conservation importance, such as SSSIs or LNRs. Given the mitigation measures there are no anticipated impacts on the adjacent non-statutory sites: Shortwood Rough SWS and Butler’s Hill Wood SWS (and the associated ancient woodland habitats) during the construction phase of the works. There will be no impacts during the operational phase of the development to these woodlands.
5.3.2.
There will be no impacts to any other non-statutory designated sites due to their distance from, and lack of connectivity to, the scheme.
5.4.
Habitats
5.4.1.
An estimate of areas of the habitats that will be lost during the construction phase and permanent works will be added to the impact assessment once a detailed design for the scheme is available.
DOCUMENT REF: 6.1
28
Redditch Branch Enhancement Scheme Ecological impact Assessment Report and Plan (Regulation 5(2)(l))
5.4.2.
Short lengths of ditches (3, 5 and 10) and streams (Scarfield, Shortwood Dingle and Butler’s Wood Streams) will be affected by culvert extensions. Table 5.1 below summarises the impacts to the culverts. Table 5.1: Summary of Impacts to Culverts Culvert Number
Impact
Culvert 11, carries Scarfield Stream under the railway line
4.75 m extension on west side only- direct loss of habitat, permanent impact, significance can be determined once further species surveys are completed
Culvert 11A, carries ditch 3/ 5 under the railway line
3.5 m extension on west side only- direct loss of habitat, permanent impact, significance can be determined once further species surveys are completed
Culvert 13, carries Shortwood Dingle Stream under the railway line
