INDIA

a spiritual journey

www.incredibleindia.org

India Tourism Offices in India India Tourism INDORE 3rd Floor, Palika Plaza MTH Compound Indore 452007 (M.P) Tel: 0731 4239940, Fax: 0731 4201893 E-mail: [email protected]

EAST India Tourism KOLKATA ‘Embassy’, 4 Shakespeare Sarani Kolkata-700 071, West Bengal Tel: 033, 2282 1475, Fax: 033-2282 3521 E-mail: [email protected]

NORTH India Tourism DELHI India Tourism 88 Janpath, New Delhi-110 001 Tel: 011-23320342, 23320005, 23320008 Fax: 011-23320109 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism PANAJI Communidade Building Church Square Panaji- 403001, Goa Tel: 0832-2223412, Fax: 0832-2420529 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism PATNA R-Block, Kranti Marg, Institute of Engineering Building Patna – 800001 Tel: 0612-6570640, Fax: 0612 -2506032 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism JAIPUR State Hotel, Khasa Kothi, Jaipur-302 001, Rajasthan Tel: 0141-2372200, Fax: 0141-2372200 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism AURANGABAD Tourist Reception Centre (1st Floor), MTDC Holiday Resort, Near Goldie Cinema, Station Road, Aurangabad-431 005, Maharashtra Tel: 0240-2331217, Fax: 0240-2331217 E-mail: India [email protected]

India Tourism BHUBANESWAR Ministry of Tourism, Paryatan Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Lewis Road Tel: 0674-2432203, 2435487 Fax: 2432203, Exnt 23 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism AGRA 191, The Mall Agra 282 001 Tel: 0562-2226378, Fax: 0562-2226368 E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism VARANASI 15-B, The Mall Varanasi 221002 Uttar Pradesh Tel: 0542 2501784, Fax: 0542 2501784 E-mail: [email protected]

SOUTH India Tourism CHENNAI 154, Anna Salai, Chennai-600002, Tamil Nadu Tel: 044-28461459, 28460285 Fax: 044-28460193 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism PORT BLAIR VIP Road, 189 2nd Floor, Junglighat, PO Port Blair- 744103 Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tel: 03192-236348, Fax: 03192-233006 E-mail: [email protected] WEST India Tourism MUMBAI 123, M Karve Road, Opp. Churchgate station, Mumbai-400 020, Maharashtra Tel: 022-22033144/5, 22074333/4 Fax: 022-22014496 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NORTH-EAST India Tourism GUWAHATI Assom Paryatan Bhawan, A.K. Azad Rd, Paltan Bajar, Guwahati-781 008, Assam Tel: 0361-2737554, Fax: 0361-2737553 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism BANGALORE KFC Building, 48 Church Street, Bangalore-560 001, Karnataka Fax: 080-25585417, 080-25583030 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism IMPHAL Old Lambulane, Jail Road, Imphal-795 001, Manipur Tel: 03852-221131, Fax: 03852-221131 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism HYDERABAD Ground Floor, Balayogi Paryatak Bhavan, # 6-3-870, Green Lands, Begumpet, Hyderabad – 500016 Tel: 040- 2340 9199 / 23409399 Fax: 040-23409299 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism SHILLONG Tirot Singh Sylem Road, Police Bazar Shillong-793001,Meghalaya Tel: 0364-225632, Fax: 0364-225632 E-mail: [email protected]

India Tourism KOCHI Willingdon Island, Kochi- 682009, Kerala Tel: 0484-2669125, Fax: 0484-2668352 E-mail: [email protected]

Jammu & Kashmir

India Tourism NAHARLAGUN C-Sector, Barapani Police Point, Naharlagun - 791110, Arunachal Pradesh Tel: 0360-244328

Himachal Pradesh Punjab

Uttaranchal

Arunachal Pradesh

Haryana

Delhi

Sikkim Assam

Rajasthan

Uttar Pradesh

Meghalaya

Bihar Jharkhand West

sg tti Odisha

Mumbai

India Tourism Singapore

Andhra Pradesh

#01-01 United House, 20 Kramat Lane, Singapore 228773 Website: www.incredibleindia.org Email: [email protected]

Karnataka

Kerala

Chennai

Tamil Nadu

Andaman & Nicobar

* Some of the Spiritual Places in India

Note: Map Not to Scale

Goa

Lakshadweep

Mizoram

a spiritual journey

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Maharashtra

Manipur

INDIA

Bengal Kolkata

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Madhya Pradesh

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Gujarat

Tripura

Nagaland

INDIA

a spiritual journey India is the birthplace of several major world religions, it's a country that not only respects diversity but also exemplifies secular sensibilities. Unsurprisingly, people of varied backgrounds, caste, culture, race and religion co-exist in harmony. What is remarkable about India is its ability to consistently capture the imagination of spirituality-seekers from all corners of the globe. From the sacred Hindu pilgrimage destinations nestled in the snow-capped Himalayas, where meandering glacial rivers provide a calming sense, to the serenity of Buddhist and quiet of Jain Temples, awe-inspiring Mosques and Muslim shrines and impressive Christian Churches; it stands out as a place like no other in this world.

Contents Hinduism

02 05

Char Dham - Hinduism's most revered pilgrimage circuit

02

Temple Towns of South India

04

Sikhism Shrines on the Sikh Route

05

Buddhism

07

Bodhisatva Bhumi - Buddha’s Land ISLAM

09 11

07

Inspirational Islam

09

Christianity Churches of India

11

JAINISM Jewels of Jainism

13

Hinduism

Char Dham

Hinduism's most revered pilgrimage circuit

The Char Dham circuit consists of four pilgrimage places in India that are widely revered by most Hindus. They are only open at certain times of the year from May-November and May-June is the peak pilgrimage period. Although it's not difficult to make your own travel arrangements for a Char Dham yatra, there are plenty of packages available as well. Yamunotri’s temple of Goddess Yamuna is reached after a five km walk or on ponies from the town of Janki Chatti where pilgrims often break their journey to take a bath at one of its many hot springs. At Yamunotri, some unique aspects of the prayer rituals include cooking the raw rice and potatoes in the hot springs and made into "prasad" (an offering made to a saint or deity). Guesthouses and Garhwal

Mandal Vikas Nigam Tourist Bungalows provide accommodations at Yamunotri, Janki Chatti, and Hanuman Chatti. If you stay the night at Yamunotri, you'll be able to witness the evening "aarti" (a prayer ritual with tealights and hymns). Gangotri is home to the Goddess Ganga and is accessible by car and bus from Rishikesh – a journey that takes 12 hours. The "aarti" ceremony here is of special note and is as impressive as the temple which is on the bank of the Ganga River. Seventeen km away at Gaumukh, the actual source of the Ganga, is the must-see site of the Gaumukh glacier snout – a big wall of ice 328 feet high and 18 km above the temple. Guesthouses and GVMN Tourist Bungalows provide basic accommodation,

should you want to stay over and explore the beautiful valleys around it. Kedarnath is very scenically placed and the exquisitely designed temple is an imposing sight, standing in the middle of a wide plateau surrounded by snow covered peaks. Kedarnath is the most remote of the four locations with its stunning views and it still draws more than 100,000 visitors every year. From Rishikesh, the bus journey to Gaurikund, the closest transportation point to Kedarnath takes 12 hours, followed by a 14 km trek that takes about six hours. The stunning views of Mandakini River and the valleys do provide a boost to one’s mental and physical stamina. Luggage, porter service is also available. Alternatively, Kedranath Temple is also accessible by helicopter. Badrinath is the most important of the four destinations and receives the most visitors - as many as 600,000 per season. To get to Joshimath, the closest town to Badrinath, take a bus either from Rishikesh or Haridwar (buses leave every half an hour from 4am-7am in the mornings). From Joshimath, it takes another two-three hours to reach Badrinath by bus or shared jeep. Basic accommodation is available.

Getting There Air & Road: There are flights connecting Delhi and Mumbai international airports with Jolly Grant airport in Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand state. From here, it is accessible by car to the holy cities of Rishikesh (20 min)and Haridwar (45 min). For more information, online reservations, travel and hotel bookings, please contact: www.uttarakhandtourism.gov.in

Holy Cave of

Amarnath

Amarnath is a 46m high and 28m long cave located near Baltal, nearly 145 km east of Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir in the northernmost part of India. Known for its stunning landscapes, lush and verdant valleys and meandering glacial lakes, the region has earned the moniker "Switzerland of Asia" for its natural beauty. Located at 4,000 m in a Himalayan glacial valley, the cave has four ice formations, which are considered figurines of different Hindu gods. There are also helicopter services to reach the holy cave and you can book online.

Useful tips A health certificate is mandatory and the form can be downloaded from www.shriamarnathjishrine.com/Health%20Certificate%202013.pdf Helicopter service bookings: Baltal to Panjtarni Route www.onlineglobalhelicorp.com; www.himalayanheli.com Pahalgam to Panjtarni Route www.pawanhans.co.in 2

India A Spiritual Journey

Haridwar

Gateway to God

The holy city of Haridwar, which translates to "Gateway of God", is a magnet for Hindu pilgrims from all over the world. The River Ganga, after flowing for 253 km from its source enters the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India for the first time at Haridwar. Religious festivals are a regular occurrence here and draw huge crowds of spiritual people that include not only Indians, but also foreigners who are curious to learn about the culture. Every 12 years, millions of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists congregate here during the Kumbh Mela to perform ritualistic bathing on the banks of the river Ganga. Some of the attractions not to be missed are Har ki Pauri and Chandi Devi Temple.

Vaishno Devi Lifetime of Blessings

Varanasi

Spiritual & Cultural Capital

Mata Vaishno Devi shrine, is located at a height of 1,585m in a beautiful recess of the Trikuta mountains, forming a part of the lower Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir. Regarded as one of the holiest Hindu sites, the shrine is open round the clock throughout the year with peak seasons during the months of March-April and September-October. The yatra begins at Katra and pilgrims have to trek through a distance of 13 km to reach the shrine. Shelters and cafeterias are set up throughout the route, where pure vegetarian food and inexpensive accommodation are easily available.

GETTING THERE

UTTARAKHAND

JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Haridwar Air: Nearest airport is Dehradun (Jolly Grant) 35 km away. However, the most convenient airport is Delhi (214 km).

Amarnath Air: Srinagar Airport is connected to different Indian cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Jammu and Leh. Daily flights to Srinagar from Delhi and Jammu as well as weekly flights from Chandigarh and Amritsar cities in Punjab. Rail: Nearest is Jammu Tawi which is connected to all major cities.

Rishikesh

Yoga Capital of the World Rishikesh in Uttarakhand state is not just a gateway to the Hindu shrines in the Himalayas. It is also popular with spirituality seekers ever since pop music band the Beatles rocked up at the ashram of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in the late ’60s. Today, it is hailed as the "Yoga Capital of the World" as there are scores of ashrams and all kinds of yoga and meditation classes. Most of this action is north of the main town, where the exquisite setting on the fast-flowing Ganga, surrounded by forested hills, is conducive to meditation and mind expansion. In the evening, the breeze blows down the valley, setting temple bells ringing as sadhus (spiritual men), pilgrims and tourists prepare for the nightly Ganga aarti ceremony. Rishikesh is the epicentre of modern spirituality where you can learn to play the sitar or tabla on your hotel roof; try laughing yoga; practise chanting mantras and experience crystal healing. In essence, it's a holistic destination.

Few cities in India can beat the mystical and exotic aura of Varanasi (also called Banares), located in Uttar Pradesh, that has attracted the religious, intellectuals as well as holy men since centuries to its shores washed by the mighty Ganga River. Regarded as the spiritual and cultural capital of India, it’s the holiest of the seven sacred cities in Hinduism and Jainism. It’s home to one of Asia’s largest residential universities, the Banares Hindu University. Lord Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi.

Road: Jammu and Srinagar are also connected with all Indian cities through an extensive network of buses and taxies. Vaishno Devi Air: New Delhi is nearest airport with daily flights available from Delhi and Srinagar to Jammu. These flights connect Chandigarh and Amritsar on specific days of the week. Rail: Jammu is directly connected with most major cities in the country. Road: Jammu has Inter State Bus Services. Buses leave for Katra every 10 mins at Jammu between 5.30am to 8.30pm. Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corp. runs buses and luxury coaches from the Jammu railway station to Katra. Private taxis also available between Jammu and Katra, from Jammu Airport and Jammu Railway Station. For more info: www.maavaishnodevi.org/ OnlineServices/login.aspx

Rail: Haridwar railway station is well connected to all major cities. Tourists can take trains from Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai as well as various other cities in the country. Road: Many bus services ply between Delhi and Haridwar. Rishikesh Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, Dehradun (17 km). However, Delhi (224 km), is more convenient. Rail: There are a few trains between Rishikesh and Haridwar. Road: Buses ply between Delhi and Rishikesh; Dehradun and Rishikesh and Haridwar and Rishikesh. UTTAR PRADESH Varanasi Air: Varanasi's airport is connected by direct flights from major cities including Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Lucknow, and Khajuraho. Rail: Many choose to travel to Varanasi by train which gives a glimpse of local culture. Travel distance from Varanasi to Kolkata is 689 km, 795 km from Delhi and 1,533 km from Mumbai.

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Hinduism

Temple Towns

of South India

century temple is decorated with thousands of earthen lamps and special processions of images on elephant back are taken out. Sabarimala is a renowned pilgrim centre atop the rugged hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala. This holy shrine dedicated to Lord Ayyappa nestles 914m above sea level, amid the virgin forest wilderness of the Western Ghats. It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world with an estimated 45-50 million devotees visiting every year.

Tamil Nadu

Tirupati Temple

South India’s temple towns are a major tourist attraction. They are not just revered destinations for Hindus the world over, but also renowned for their natural splendour, important festivals and historical significance. The most popular and well-known of these destinations are featured here. Kerala The coastal town of Guruvayur is one of the most sacred and important pilgrim centres of Kerala and home to one of the most important Hindu temples in India ranking fourth largest in the country in terms of the number of devotees who worship there daily. The Sree Krishna Temple has within its Chuttambalam (outer enclosure) the tall 33.5m high goldplated Dwajasthambam (flag-post). There is also a seven metre high Dipastambham (pillar of lamps) whose thirteen circular receptacles provide a truly gorgeous spectacle when lit. During festivals the 16th

Kanchipuram, also known as Kanjeevaram and Kanchi, is a city of temples with over 108 dedicated to Lord Shiva and 18 to Lord Vishnu, apart from scores of other temples. They are living testimony to the height of Dravidian architecture during the Pallava dynasty from the 4th to the 10th century. As one of the most important spiritual centres of Hinduism, and a major pilgrim destination, Kanchipuram has several medieval temples with spectacular architecture. Kanyakumari is at a unique geographical location at the tip of the southernmost point of the Indian peninsula where three seas converge: the Lakshadweep Sea, Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. Here you will find the temple of Goddess Kannyakumari Amman, spectacularly located at the edge of the ocean. Mahabalipuram is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with rockcut monolithic monuments that date back to the seventh century. The Mahabalipuram Dance Festival during January-February attracts artists from all over the country. The Sri Meenakshi Sundareswara Temple in Madurai showcases magnificently sculptured architecture that dates back mostly to the 12th century. The popular 1,000 pillared mandapa (hall) is a most wondrous site. The Madurai ‘float festival’ and ‘Meenakshi Kalyanam’ draws a huge crowd. Also called the ‘Varanasi of the South,’ this is one of the most revered pilgrim destinations for Hindus. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this temple is on an island and the scenic beauty is incredible.

Andhra Pradesh Lord Venkateshwara’s famous Tirupati Temple is located on the top of Tirumala Hills. The temple's trust is said to be the richest religious board in the world and is the destination for thousands of pilgrims annually. Devotees wait for hours to get even a fleeting view of the deity.

GETTING THERE

TAMIL NADU

KERALA

Kanchipuram Air: Nearest airport is Chennai International Airport, 75 km away from Kanchipuram. Rail: Kanchipuram is connected to Chennai, Pondicherry, Nagaercoil and Madurai. Road: Many buses are available between Kanchipuram and Chennai.

Guruvayur Air: Kochi International Airport (Nedumbassery) is 80 km from Guruvayur and the Calicut airport is 100 km away. Rail: Guruvayur railway station is connected to the Chennai-Mangalore main line at Thrissur. Road: The national highway passes through Kunnamkulam, eight km away from Guruvayur. Sabarimala Air: Trivandrum International Airport located 126 km from Sabarimala and Nedumbassery International Airport, Kochi, at a distance of 171 km from Sabarimala, are closest. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both airports to Pampa/Pamba, four km away from Sabarimala Temple. Rail: Nearest railhead at Chengannur, is 37 km from Pamba and is located in the main rail route between Trivandrum and Kottayam. Road: Pamba is well connected by Kerala Transport buses to Trivandum (126 km), Kochi (171 km), Kottayam (109 km), Chengannur (93 km)and Changanacherry (98 km).

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India A Spiritual Journey

Kanyakumari Air: Nearest Airport is Trivandrum International Airport, which is at a distance of 87 km from Kanyakumari. Rail: Trivandrum Central is the station nearest to Kanyakumari. Many trains start from Kanyakumari for Delhi (Rajdhani Exp), Kolkata (Shalimar Exp), Mumbai (Cape Mumbai Exp), Chennai (Kanyakumari Exp) and Bangalore (Bangalore Exp). Road: State Transport and private operators ply between various cities in the south and Kanyakumari. Mahabalipuram Air: The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport, which is located 54 km from Mahabalipuram. Rail: The nearest rail head is Chengalpattu, which is 29 km from Mahabalipuram and is

connected directly to Chennai Station. Road: Mahabalipuram is well connected to Chennai with both state and private operators running regular bus services. Madurai Air: Madurai Airport is just 10 km from Madurai city and is connected with Mumbai and Chennai. Rail: Madurai has direct rail connections to major cities of the south such as Bangalore, Coimbatore, Kollam, Chennai, etc. Road: There are excellent roads connecting Madurai to all parts of South India. ANDHRA PRADESH Tirupati Air: Tirupati Airport is located at Renigunta, which is about 15 km away from the city. Regular flights are available from Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Rail: Tirupati Railway Station is connected by trains from Delhi (Kerala Exp), Mumbai (Kanyakumari Exp), Bangalore (Sheshadari Exp), Chennai (Sapthagiri Exp) and others. Road: State Transport and private operators run numerous bus services to Tirupati from various cities in the south.

Sikhism

Shrines on

the Sikh Route

To the Sikhs the ‘panch takht’ or five Gurdwaras are of special significance. These seats of authority are the places where important religious and social decisions concerning the Sikh community are taken.

The Golden Temple of Amritsar

Travelling the Five Takhts Of the five takhts, two are located outside the state of Punjab - Takht Sri Patna Sahib at Patna in the state of Bihar and Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib at Nanded in Maharashtra. The rest three are in Punjab - Akal Takht at Amritsar, Sri Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur and Sri Damdama Sahib at Talwandi Sabo in Bhatinda district. Travelling the five takhts is not limited to any particular season. The Panj Takht Darshan is a special tourist train for visiting the takhts; it has two departure points - Amritsar and Delhi. Starting from Delhi, the tour runs for six nights/ seven days. It runs for four nights/five days from Amritsar. For more information go to: www.thespiritualjourneys.com/E-Broucher

The Golden Temple of Amritsar (Akal Takht) The most important seat of Sikh culture and religion is the Golden Temple in Amritsar – a 400 year old city that derives its name from the holy Amrit Sarovar (pool of nectar) that surrounds the temple. The gold and white structure of this majestic shrine is located in the centre of Amritsar and is surrounded by one of the busiest markets. The shining gold steeple of

Sri Hemkund Sahib

Sri Hemkund Sahib Himalayan Trek The mountain trek to Sri Hemkund Sahib at 4,572 m, is across one of the most exotic regions of the Himalayas. A popular centre of Sikh pilgrimage, the sacred journey is completed when, pilgrims take the ishnan (holy bath) in the sacred waters of Hemkund. One can visit the Valley of Flowers in the journey to Hemkund Sahib where the mythical ‘flower of the gods’ can be seen. It blooms at midnight and once in 14 years!

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the temple is visible from far off; early morning on weekends, the temple is less crowded. Also known as the Harmandir or Darbar Sahib, the two-storied temple structure is built on a 67 sq ft of marble. The Akal Takht (eternal throne), the supreme seat of Sikh religious authority, which was established in 1609 by the sixth Sikh guru, Guru Hargobind, is located in the Golden Temple complex. This is the oldest of the five takhts. While the Golden Temple is a place of worship, the takht is a place to discuss secular and political matters. The Akal Takht houses the ancient weapons used by the Sikh warriors. During the day time, the Guru Granth Sahib (holy book of the Sikhs) is kept in the Golden

GETTING THERE PUNJAB

Amritsar Air: The Rajasansi airport, about 11 km from city centre, is connected by domestic flights to Delhi, Srinagar and Chandigarh. Rail: Amritsar is connected with major cities of India . Road: Amritsar is well connected to the rest of the country; it is 643 km from Agra, 235 km from Chandigarh and 435 km from Delhi. Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is around 160 km from Amritsar. Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib is near Chandigarh. Chandigarh Air: The city’s airport is connected by flights from major cities such as Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai. Rail: Chandigarh is well connected by rail to the rest of India.

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India A Spiritual Journey

Temple, while at night it is kept in the Akal Takht. The 'Guru Ka Langar' is located near the eastern entrance of the temple and offers food to all visitors. Before entering the temple you have to cover your head and remove your shoes. The Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is located in the village of Talwandi Sabo near Bhatinda. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh stayed for nine months and compiled the final edition of Guru Granth Sahib in 1705. Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib is at Anandpur Sahib near Chandigarh, where the order of the ‘Khalsa’ was founded. Some of the weapons of Guru Gobind Singh are displayed here. Takhat Sachkhand Sri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib known popularly as Takht

Sri Hazur Saheb, was where Guru Gobind Singh breathed his last. Situated on the banks of River Godavari at Nanded in Maharashtra, here unlike in other Gurudwaras, the Guru Granth Sahib is kept in a room in front of the sanctum from morning till evening and moved to the sanctum only for the night. Takht Sri Patna Sahib in Patna is the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh where he spent his early childhood. This Takht is considered to be the centre from which Sikhism was propagated in the eastern part of the country. Historical displays here include a ‘pangura’ (cradle), four iron arrows, a sacred sword and a pair of the guru’s sandals.

Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib

Sri Keshgarh Sahib

Sri Damdama Sahib

Takht Sri Patna Sahib

Road: Chandigarh is well connected by road; it is 240 km from Amritsar, 230 km from Dehradhun and 248 km from Delhi MAHARASHTRA Nanded Air: The city’s airport is connected by flights from major cities such as Mumbai. Aurangabad is the nearest airport. Rail: Nanded is a major railway station connecting several important cities in India. Road: Nanded is well connected to the rest of the country; it is 277 km from Aurangabad, 667 km from Mumbai and 379 km from Nagpur. BIHAR Patna Air: Kolkata Airport is the nearest international airport and is well connected to Patna Airport. Rail: Patna is well connected by rail to the rest

of the country. Road: Patna is well connected by road to the rest of the country; it is 1015 km from Delhi, 1802 km from Mumbai, 535 km from Lucknow and 646 km from Kolkata. UTTARAKHAND Hemkund Sahib & Valley of Flowers Air: From Delhi’s international airport there are buses, private vehicles and trains to Haridwar, 225 km away. Road: From Delhi travel 230 kms to Rishikesh and another 250 km drive (12 hours) to the base of the footpath to Hemkund and the Valley of Flowers. The path leading to both Hemkund and the Valley of Flowers starts from Gobind Ghat (1,828 m) village. Walk or hire sedan chairs, mules or horses to cover the 12 km from the village to Govind Dham. Spend a night at Govind Dham before undertaking six km trek to Hemkund Sahib.

Buddhism

Bodhisatva Bhumi Buddha’s Land

After Buddha attained enlightenment, he devoted the remaining 45 years of his life travelling through much of northern India spreading his teachings. Two hundred years later after his death, Buddhism started gaining popularity across the world during the reign of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. According to the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, one can attain merit and a noble rebirth by visiting Lumbini (Buddha's birth place), Bodhgaya (where he gained enlightenment), Sarnath (where he taught) and Kushinagar (where he attained Nirvana). Retracing the trail of Buddha’s spiritual journey across India is a pilgrimage that makes the teachings of the ‘enlightened one’ more meaningful.

Mahaparinirvan Express - Buddhist Circuit The Mahaparinirvan Express, a Buddhist circuit train, stops at all the prime spots such as Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Nalanda and Kushinagar. For more details on the express, visit http://www.railtourismindia.com Some of the highlights of the Buddhist circuit in India include the city of Bodhgaya, the spiritual home of Buddhists. During 500 BC Prince Gautama Siddhartha, wandering as a monk, reached the sylvan

Excavated Ruins of Nalanda Maha Vihar

Useful info The best time to visit Himachal Pradesh is between March to September. Check with the Himachal Pradesh State Tourism Office whether you require an Inner Line Permit for any of the places you are going to. For more details: www.hptdc.gov.in

banks of Falgu River, near the city. There he meditated until he attained enlightenment and insight after seven weeks and travelled to Sarnath to teach Buddhism. Rajgriha was the capital of the powerful Magadhan kingdom during the lifetime of the Buddha. He won over the citizens of Rajagriha with his serenity and grace and converted King Bimbisara of Magadha and countless others to Buddhism. The hills and caves surrounding Rajagriha were home to spiritual teachers, ranging from the materialism of the early Charavaka School to the metaphysics of Upanishadic philosophers. The city of Varanasi is situated along the west bank of the Ganga in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is holy to both Hindus and Buddhists. Many spiritual teachers have been attracted to the city’s magnetic, inexplicable spiritual power since ancient times. It was here the Buddha converted his first followers and the first members of the Sangha. Sarnath is located 13 km north-east of Varanasi; it is the deer

Rajgir

Mahaparinirvana Statue

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park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha (Buddhist community) came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. It was here that Gautama Buddha started teaching about compassion for human beings. He explained the middle way which avoids extremes, the Four Noble Truths, and prescribed the Eight-fold path. The ruins at Sarnath and the art collection in the Archaeological Museum are representations / examples of its glorious past. The archaeological remains are open from sunrise to sunset. Gorakhpur is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh and is a famous religious centre to Buddhist, Hindu, Jain and Sikh saints and is named after the medieval saint Gorakshanath. The city is also home to many historic Buddhist sites. At Kushinagar, near the Hiranyavati River, Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana (or Final Nirvana) after falling ill from eating a meal of a species of mushroom. The site of his death, Kusinara, became one of the four holy places declared by the Buddha (in the Mahaparinibbana Sutta) to be fit places of pilgrimage for the pious, the other three being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagaya and Isipatana. Sravasti, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kosala, has the honour for sheltering Buddha for 24 rainy seasons in the Jetvana Gardens. The city believed to be founded by the mythological king Sravast, has ageold stupas, majestic monasteries and several temples. Buddha is said to have performed some miracles here. This holy place also has the famous Anand Bodhi tree, an offspring of the one, said to have been planted by Buddha’s main disciple.

ANDHRA PRADESH - Relic Casket Sites Those following the Buddhist Trail will be inspired by a visit to Andhra Pradesh which has almost 150 sites of Buddhist monuments while the Hyderabad Museum dedicates an extensive part to the Buddhist heritage section. The most important sites here are Nagarjunakondda and Amaravati. Apart from these the sites of Gudivada, Guntupalli, Battiprolu, Bavikonda, Ghantasala, Salihundam, Kottur and Jaggayyapeta, referred popularly as the ‘relic casket sites,’ comprise numerous relics from the time of Buddha. The 3rd century BC site close to the River Krishna was originally built by King Ashoka. On the banks of the Krishna, stands the ancient Buddhist monastery of Nagarjunakonda, a renowned centre of learning in the ancient times. Also close to Visakapatnam on the east coast is the lesser know site of Bavikonda.

Sarnath

ODISHA - Stupas & Viharas Buddhism flourished in Odisha during the 7th century and it is a showcase for numerous stupas and viharas; recent excavations have reopened new destinations for pilgrims. Located 90km from Bhubaneshwar and 60 km from Cuttack, the Udaygiri, Lalitgiri and Ratnagiri hills are included now in the Mahaparinirvan Express tour. The Shanti Stupa on the bank of the River Daya at Dhauli Hill is where Emperor Ashoka took to Buddhism, after the Kalinga War. Saddharma Vihar Lalitagiri, is the earliest Buddhist complex here, dating back to 1 century AD.

HIMACHAL PRADESH - Buddhist Trail Buddha had said that there are only two mistakes one can make along the road to truth; not going all the way, and not starting. Dharmasala, the former British hill resort has been described as amongst the enchanting

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India A Spiritual Journey

80 Feet Buddha Statue, Bodhgaya

in the world. Dharmasala is well connected by road to Delhi and it is a beautiful way to be introduced to the region which is known for its many temples and pilgrimage sites.

Lahaul & Spiti - World of Gompas The stunning mountain scape and valleys in Himachal Pradesh where there is a trail of Buddhist gompa (monasteries) that can be followed to another cultural world. Visitors can begin from either Shimla or Manali and proceed on to Lahaul and Spiti. Lahaul’s most famous gompa is the Guru Ghantal on a precipe above the village of Tandi. There are many wooden idols here as opposed to clay ones elsewhere. Other well known gompas are Shashur monastery which has gigantic 4.5m tall tangkhas (silk embroided religious paintings); the 900-year old Kardang monastery on the banks of the Bhaga River is a multi-storeyed structure of four temples and Tayul monastery in Satingiri village reputedly has a prayer wheel with the divine power of turning by itself. The Spiti has a district distinctive architecture of mud brick structures and the gompas here resemble rows of box-like buildings like a lay settlement looking like stacked on top of one another against the mountain slopes. Kaza is the heart of the Spiti division with newly built Sakyapa monastery made of modern woodwork and wall paintings. Kaza is the start point for trips to the gompas of Kye and Tangyud. Kye, 7 km from Kaza, is a vibrant centre of Buddhist culture and has over 300 lamas living there. Tangyud is located 4,587 m high and the monastery there is over 500 years old. The next biggest town is Tabo which has Spiti’s oldest monastery over 1,000 years old. Tabo is used as the base for journeys to Dhankar, Lha-lun and the Pin Valley. Dhankar is a fortified looking monastery with over 150 monks and contains the life size silver statue of Vajradhara, the Diamond Being. A 2-hour drive away from here is Lha-Lun which has outside its walls four images of Buddha facing each cardinal point. In Spiti’s Pin Valley the only monasteries following the Nyingmapa tradition can be found in Kungri and Mud. The latter has Nyingmapa nunneries, meditation caves and shelters.

GETTING THERE HIMACHAL PRADESH Road: The best way to explore the state Air&Rail: The mountainous terrain and weather makes it difficult to reach by air or train. The nearest international airport is Delhi with flights to Jubberhati (Shimla), Buntar in Kullul (9 km from Manali) and Gaggal (Dharamshala).

ISLAM

Inspirational Islam

Old & New Delhi - Moghul Touch While mosques and other brilliant examples of Islamic architecture are found across the country, New Delhi, the capital city houses several prominent structures. The largest mosque in India, the Jama-Masjid, the Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auiliya, Emperor Humayun’s Tomb and the Red Fort, located in the old part of the city, are all within a short drive from the city centre. The Qutub Complex, a collection of medieval monuments and recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site includes the 239-feet high Qutub Minar and the Quwwatul-Islam mosque, built in the 12th century. A tour of Old Delhi, the walled city built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1648, with the red sandstone Red Fort and the Jama Masjid, is intriguing to say the least. Do catch the sound and lighting show at the Red Fort.

Ajmer - Shrine of the Sufi Saint Ajmer Dargah Sharif

A growing trend for the believers of the faith on their way back from Haj or Umrah, is to combine a stopover tour and India comes across as the perfect destination. Many have been visiting the country to also visit famous shrines and monuments dedicated to muslim saints. India has the third largest Muslim population in the world including the third largest Shia population. Famous shrines of Sufi saints such as Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer, Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi and Haji Ali Dargah in Mumbai are some of the most visited destinations, not only by Indians but also foreign visitors. Islam found its way to India in the seventhcentury AD, thanks to its position as one of the most lucrative trade routes and the arrival of Arab traders and invaders from the Middle East and Central Asia. This influence can be seen in the Islamic Mughal architecture that emphasises elements such as domes, arches and fine filigree work.

Jama Masjid in Delhi, built in the 17th century is one such iconic structure that was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who is best known for building the greatest monument dedicated to love – the Taj Mahal. The Islamic influence in India can be perceived in the fluidity of the artists’ work that is sheer poetry carved in stone and marble. The forts, palaces and mosques represent a genre of Islamic architecture that is known as Mughal architecture, and forms the mosaic of the Muslim spiritual travel. Numerous "Dargahs" (shrines) dedicated to "Pirs" (saints) are equally revered by other religions, proving once again that spiritualism has no boundaries and though the doctrines may be different, in the end they all meet the "one true spirit."

From Delhi, you can proceed to Ajmer, 395 km away and known for its famous Pushkar Camel Fair. Visit the Adhai-Din-Ka-Jhonpra mosque that literally translates into dwelling of two and half days, possibly due to the fact that a fair used to be held here for two and a half days. Although, much of the mosque now stands in ruins, the architecture and the Islamic calligraphy pays homage to its rich past.

Agra - Taj Mahal & the Red Fort The erstwhile Mughal capital of Agra (204 km away from New Delhi) and Fatehpur Sikri in the state of Uttar Pradesh showcase the golden period of Islamic architecture in India. In Agra, visit the world famous Taj Mahal, built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his queen Mumtaz Mahal. The Red Fort of Agra, a designated UNESCO World Heritage site, located about 2.5km away from the Taj Mahal, bears testimony to the grandeur of the times gone by. The red sandstone fort marks the apogee of Indo-Muslim art that was heavily influenced by Persian elements. Nicknamed the Baby Taj for its resemblance to the iconic monument, the Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daullah dedicated to

Haji Ali Dargah

Fatehpur Sikri

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Jama Masjid

Persian nobleman Mirza Ghiyas Beg and a highly-regarded minister in the Mughal court, is in fact, a predecessor to the more well-known Taj Mahal. The mausoleum made out of pure white marble resembles a jewel box, set against the backdrop of the Yamuna River.

Lucknow Awadhi Dum-Style Cuisine Lucknow is also well known for Awadhi cuisine which consists of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. Greatly influenced by Mughal cooking techniques, the cuisine is similar to those of Persia, Kashmir, Punjab and Hyderabad. Awadh gave birth to the dum style (cooking over a slow fire). Specialities here include kebabs, kormas, biryani, kaliya, naharikulchas, zarda, sheermal, roomali rotis, and warqi parathas. The richness of Awadh cuisine

GETTING THERE RAJASTHAN Ajmer Road: Ajmer is well connected to the rest of the country by road. Agra 363 km, Delhi 395 km and Jaipur 132 km away. UTTAR PRADESH Agra Air: Agra is connected by air with New Delhi, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh). Kheria Airport is 6 km from the city centre. For international arrivals, the most convenient airport is New Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport. There are a number of taxi services and coaches plying the route between New Delhi and Agra. Rail: Agra Cantonment (Cantt) train station is

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also lies in the ingredients such as mutton, paneer, and rich spices including cardamom and saffron. Before British rule, Lucknow was the epitome of art, culture, music and dance that epitomised the life of the Nawabs (kings) of Oudh (princely state). Modern Lucknow has fascinating mausoleums also known as ‘imambaras’: the Rumi Darwaza, Hussainabad (Chota) Imambara, Asafi (Bada) Imambara and Shah Najaf Imambara are some of the landmark venues.

Hyderabad - Qutub Shahi Tombs The Qutub Shahi and Nizam Shahi rulers of Hyderabad had created one of the most beautiful cities in south India. The beautiful Mosques, minarets and forts of this city reflect a glorious past. They include Qutub Shahi

an important stop on the main train routes. Road: Agra is well connected with the rest of the country through roads; Delhi 204 km, Gwalior 119 km and Jaipur 232 km away. MAHARASHTRA Mumbai Air: Mumbai is well connected with all major international cities by air. Nearest international airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. Inter-city travel within the country via train or road is also extremely well-organised. UTTAR PRADESH Lucknow Air: Lucknow’s Amausi Airport is well connected with flights from Delhi, Patna,

Tombs (a confluence of Persian, Pathan and Hindu architectural styles), Mecca Masjid (the second largest mosque in India), Charminar (as ubiquitous to the city as Taj Mahal is to Agra), the Golconda Fort and the Chowmahalla Palace Complex among others.

Mumbai - Arabian Sea Tomb Haji Ali Dargah in Mumbai is an iconic landmark that has been immortalised in a number of Hindi movies. Built out into the Arabian Sea, about 460m from the shore, the complex comprises of the tomb of muslim saint, Pir Haji Ali Shah Bukhari, as well as a mosque. Immensely popular among people of all faiths – muslims and non-muslims – this pilgrimage site is a nod to the country's inter-religious harmony.

Kolkata, Mumbai, Banglore , Indore and Varanasi. Road: Connected with all the major cities in the country. Rail: Lucknow is on the Delhi-Gorakhpur railway route. Connections can be made from Agra and Allahabad. ANDHRA PRADESH Hyderabad Air: International and domestic connectivity is excellent at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport which is 22 km from the city . Road: Hyderabad is well connected to other major Metros by road. Rail: Train services from all major cities has a service to Hyderabad.

Christianity

Churches of India

Christianity is India’s third largest religion and Christmas time is indeed magical. The yuletide spirit is palpable almost a week before Christmas eve. Churches and cathedrals are decorated with lights; the ubiquitous Christmas tree and decorations adorn even the small road-side shops; midnight masses; melodious carols; are all part of the festivities. For holiday makers, it is great to be in Goa, Kerala, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, or the north east during Christmas. Goa Although the smallest Indian state, Goa is rich in attractions; central is the 105 km coastline of many pristine beaches, some of the best that India can offer. The most popular being the North Goa triangle formed by the Sinquerim (Aguada), Calangute and Baga beaches forming a seven km sandy arc. Goa also is famous for diversity of Churches, Temples and Mosques. The Churches of Old Goa built in the 16th and 17th centuries stand out. For example, the Se Cathedral is the largest church in Asia. The church’s 80-metre long aisle and vaulted interior impresses and overwhelms visitors with its sheer grandeur. Christians forms the second largest religious group in Goa and they are predominantly Goan Catholics. After the arrival of the

The Santa Cruz Basilica

Portugese in the early 15th century, Goa became the centre of Christian evangelism in the East. The Basilica of Bom Jesus contains the tomb of St. Francis Xavier. In 1946, it became the first Church of India to be elevated to the status of Minor Basilica. The Church is covered with marble and inlaid with precious stones and paintings depicting the life of St. Francis Xavier. The basilica is one of the best specimens of baroque architecture in India. The Church of St. Cajetan is modelled on the original design of St. Peter's Church in Rome. It is a fine example of Renaissance architecture with its Tuscan exterior and Corinthian columns at its portals.

Kerala

The Basilica of Bom Jesus

GETTING THERE GOA Air: Dabolim airport of Goa is well connected by flight with major cities in India as well as some international destinations such as Dubai and Doha. Rail: Madgaon, Vasco, Tivim and Karmali railway stations are well connected by trains with major cities in India. Road: Goa is connected to the rest of the country by road; it is 594 km from Mumbai and 458 km from Pune. KERALA Kochi Air: Kochi is connected by flight with major cities in India.

The Santa Cruz Basilica is a historic church built by the Portuguese. The church was elevated to a cathedral by Pope Paul IV in 1558 AD. In 1795 AD, it fell into the hands of the British when they took over Cochin (Kochi) and was demolished. About a hundred years later,

Rail: Kochi / Ernakulam is connected by rail with all major cities in India. Road: Kochi is connected by road to the rest of the country; it is 565 km from Bangalore, 694 km from Chennai and 223 km from Coimbatore. WEST BENGAL Kolkata Air: Kolkata is connected with all the major cities in India. Rail: Howrah and Sealdah, the two main railway stations in Kolkata, are connected by rail with all major cities in India. Road: Kolkata is connected by road to the rest of the country; it is 2,060 km from Mumbai and 1,490 km from Delhi.

MEGHALAYA Shillong Air: Shillong is 33 km from the Umroi Airport. It is also well connected with Dimapur airport 74 km from Tohima and Gopinath Bordoloi Airport in Guwahati 128 km away which is well connected to the rest of India with regular flights. Rail: Lucknow is on the Delhi-Gorakhpur railway route. Connections can be made from Agra and Allahabad. Dimapur is nearest rail station with direct rail connections to Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Chennai. Road: Connected with all the major cities in the country. National highway connects Dimapur with Kohima, 73.7 km away.

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Christianity Bishop Dom Gomez Ferreira commissioned a new building at the same site. The Church was proclaimed a Basilica in 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Dedicated to St Thomas, Malayattoor Church has a life size statue of St Thomas and the imprint of the feet of the Apostle on a rock. The St. Peter's and St. Paul's Orthodox Church, situated on the banks of the river Pamba in Mallapally attracts many pilgrims. The Church contains the tomb of Saint Geevarghese Mar Gregorios, the only declared saint of Malankara (the Church of the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala). The St. George's Forane Church at Edappally was founded in 593 AD and is considered to be one of oldest churches in Kerala.

Meghalaya The state has some of the most beautiful churches in the north east. The All Saints Church, colonial in architecture, was originally built during the British days. It was destroyed in an earthquake and rebuilt in 1902. The wooden structure is grand and the Church still holds well-attended Sunday masses. The Shillong Cathedral was built by the Germans in 1913. The inside of the Cathedral has terracotta work. It also contains the tomb of the first Archbishop of Shillong.

NAGALAND Kohima is famous for the Catholic Cathedral, the biggest Cathedral in the north eastern region of India. Consecrated in 1991, it is an architectural beauty with a facade shaped like a traditional Naga (local people) house, a semicircular gallery of pews and a specially designed transparent roof allowing day light to filter in.

Tamil Nadu The Velankanni Church on the Bessie Beach in Chennai, attracts tourists who come to pray for the health and happiness of their family. The San Thome Cathedral Basilica, is named after St Thomas, the patron saint, who came to Chennai (erstwhile Madras) in 52 AD. About 6 hrs journey from Chennai, the Poondi Madha Basilica near Thanjavur, is considered a centre of Roman Catholic Pilgrimage.

Velankanni Church

The St. George's Cathedral Church is an architectural wonder and the nearby graveyard is a major attraction. The 120 years old CSI Holy Cross Church, about 25 mins from Chennai is also a popular destination.

DELHI The Cathedral Church of the Redemption India is near Connaught Place, one of New Delhi’s prominent commercial areas. The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart covering an area of 14 acres is beautiful with its green lawns and gardens. Another very popular Church that is the Central Baptist Church, which built in 18th century AD, is oldest Christina Missionary Church in north India. St. James Church was built on the orders of Colonel James Skinner and was known previously as the Skinner’s Church.

WEST BENGAL The 1799 built Portuguese Church in Kolkata is attended by Catholic Christian’s of Kolkata. The oldest church in Kolkata, the Armenian Church, dates back to 1724. The Protestant Mission Church dates back to 1770 and is the second oldest church in this region. The

1787 built St. John’s Church, also known as the ‘pathure girja’ because of its stone built, is another important landmark. St. Andrew’s Church is the only Scottish church of Kolkata. One of the indelible legacies of Christianity in India, beyond the beautiful churches, has been left in fields of education, social service and healthcare. Some of the best schools, colleges, medical institutes and philanthropic institutes were established and is run by Christian organisations. These institutes, which have been part of India, some for over a century, are worth visiting on an Indian tour. The Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious organisation, was established in Kolkata, West Bengal, by Mother Teresa, to care for the less fortunate in society. A world body, with houses almost in all countries, this institute embodies Christianity in all its loving, forgiving and compassionate self. A visit here is no less spiritual than a church. There are nine homes in Kolkata and you can volunteer on a shortor long-term basis at any one of them.

For whole generations of Indians studying in missionary schools of Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, in the north-east and other parts of the country, Christmas is: ordering the plum cakes at the nearest bakery or local shop; bringing home the Christmas tree and the silver and golden stars and balls; meeting Santa in the markets and malls decked in festive lights; the sound of carols from the church; listening to Dashing Through the Snow and Silent Night; and of course the week-long Christmas vacation. Se Cathedral

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JAINISM

Jewels of

Jainism

Jainism prescribes pacifism and a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Practicing Jains follow the teachings of the 24 special ‘jinas,’ who are known as Tirthankaras. Jain temples are usually known as Derasar or Mandir. A majority of them are built from marble and are exquisite works of art. Found across India, some of them date back to ancient times and are highly revered pilgrimage destinations for Jains. Just to name a few: Arthuna Temple, Deogarth, Dilwara Temple, Makavirji, Nakoda, Osiyan Temple, Palitana, Ranakpur, Rikhabdev and Shravanbelagola. Following are some of the most important shrines that Jains aim to travel to. The monolithic statue of the Jain saint Gomateshwara stands on a hill in the city of Shravanabelagola in Karnataka. Carved out of a mountain it is one of the tallest at 17.38 metres (58 ft) high and graceful looking statues in the world. It was created around 983 AD. Once in 12 years the Mahamastakabhisheka festival is held and the statue of Gomateshwara is bathed in milk, curds, ghee, saffron and gold coins.

GETTING THERE KARNATAKA Shravanabelagola Air: The nearest airport is Bangalore and is connected with major cities in India. Rail: Nearest railhead is Hassan connected by rail with major cities and towns in the country. Road: Shravanabelagola is well connected by roads; it is 52 km from Hassan, 170 km from Bangalore and 83 km from Mysore. RAJASTHAN Mount Abu Air: The nearest and most convenient airports are at Udaipur (185 km) and Ahmedabad (222 km). Rail: The nearest railhead is Abu Road (29 km), linked with Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Mumbai, etc. Road: Mt Abu is well connected with roads; it is 735 km from Agra, 222 km from Ahmedabad, 764 km from Delhi and 510 km from Jaipur.

Dilwara Temple

The five legendary marble temples of Jain Dilwara are about 2.5 km from Mt Abu, Rajasthan’s only hill station. They are world famous for their stunning use of marble. The ornamental detail spreading over the minutely carved ceilings, doorways, pillars and panels is simply amazing. Each temple has its own unique identity and was built by the Chalukya dynasty between the 11th and 13th centuries. The 863 Palitana temples at Gujarat are considered the most sacred of all the Jain temples. Located on sacred Mount Shatrunjaya, they are exquisitely carved in marble. They were built by generations of Jains over a period

RAJASTHAN Ranakpur Air: The nearest airport is Maharana Pratap Airport at Dabok, Udaipur, which is situated at a distance of about 105 km. Rail: The nearest railway station is Falna, which is about 35km away from Ranakpur. Falna is well connected by trains from all the major cities of the country. Road: Ranakpur is ideally situated between Udaipur and Jodhpur being just 90km away from Udaipur.

of 900 years, from the 11th century onwards. The top is reached by climbing 3,572 steps, a two hour ascent. The Ranakpur Temple in Rajasthan is dedicated to Adinatha; it rises majestically from the slope of a hill. The temple is supported by over 1444 marble pillars, the detailed carving on which is exemplary of the artistic talent prevalent in that era. The pillars are all differently carved and no two pillars are the same. The construction of the temple and quadrupled image symbolise the Tirthankara’s conquest of the four cardinal directions and hence the cosmos. The dating of this temple is controversial but it was probably built between the late 14th and mid-15th centuries.

GUJARAT Palitana Air: Bhavnagar’s airport is connected by flights from major cities in India. Rail: Palitana is on a rail branch line, with trains available to Bhavnagar, Ahmedabad and intermediate points. Road: Palitana is well connected by roads; it is 56 km from Bhavnagar, 215 km from Ahmedabad , 295 km from Mumbai and 403 km from Pune.

Shravanabelagola

Useful Information Climate: A tropical country; varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north. National Languages: Hindi. However, English is spoken and understood largely throughout the country. Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism Time Zone: Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5.5 hours (5 hours and 30 minutes) ahead of GMT. Currency: Rupee (One ₹ = 100 paise)

PASSPORT & VISA

India Tourism Offices Overseas

All foreigners entering India must have a visa. Citizens of Finland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Laos and Myanmar are eligible for 'Tourist Visa on Arrival' valid for 30 days. The policy, acts and rules relating to entry of foreigners into India are framed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India (http://mha.nic.in). Visa regime is implemented abroad by Indian missions and posts and in India by Foreigners Regional Registration Offices (FRROs), home departments & district administrators in the states besides immigration posts. For detailed information log on to: http://www.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welcomeLink

The Ministry of Tourism has five Regional Overseas offices located at Sydney, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Dubai and New York headed by Regional Directors. There are eight sub-regional offices located at Amsterdam, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Milan, Paris, Singapore and Toronto. The main function of these offices is to promote India as a multi-product, year round destination in all the important source markets. Details of these offices are at: http://tourism.gov.in/aboutus/tourismofficeoverseas.aspx

For more information as well as useful links related to India External Affairs such as India Embassies, government bodies, please log on to: http://www.mea.gov.in/more-links.htm

To have complete list of state tourism websites: http://www.incredibleindia.org/states-tourism-website Tourism Officer’s Telephone Directory: http://tourism.gov.in/writereaddata/Uploaded/Event/061020130452548.pdf

Travel Tips • India has a warm climate, except the Himalayan range, so carry cotton clothes.

• Tourists for Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and some part of Kashmir must procure Special Restricted Area tour permits that are

• Always carry photocopies of your passport, travel visa, airline tickets and necessary documents. Keep contact number of ambulance, local police station, embassy etc with you. • Drink mineral water. Indian food is spicy; so savour it after acclimatising to the country.

issued by authorized Indian Tourist Offices. • Carry insect repellents, sunglasses, sunscreens and a hat. • Do not venture out on your own in desolate areas after dark. • Get vaccines for typhoid, malaria, hepatitis and tetanus.

• Carry necessary medication and prescriptions. • Never leave luggage unattended.

• Do your travel and medical insurance.

• Credit cards and Indian Rupee (exchanged at registered

• Go through authorised travel agents.

exchangers), USD (in government or branded stores) can be used. ATMs abound so do not carry much cash. • Most Indian banks (nationalised) function from Monday to Friday from 1000 hours to 1730 hours. Private Banks have longer hours. • In places of worship, cover your head, and open your shoe at the entrance or as required by that particular place. • Do not encourage beggars. Take no advice from members of

• Research your travel before coming. • Good to have a basic knowledge of Hindi. Check: http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/saying-it-in-hindi.html • STD Codes: http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/std-codes.html • For more on road, rail and air:

opposite sex. • Dress modestly and avoid skimpy clothes.

http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/indian-transportation.html

India Tourism Singapore #01-01 United House, 20 Kramat Lane, Singapore 228773 Website: www.incredibleindia.org Email: [email protected]