Gogebic Community College BIO 251 – Human Physiology – Spring 2015 Instructor: Dr. Christina Ylitalo Email: [email protected]

Phone: 906-483-0070 ext. 110 (best method of communication)

Course Name: BIO 251 – Human Physiology Lecture: Tues: 1:00 - 3:53 pm

Credits: 4

Lab: Wed: 1:00 - 3:53pm or Thurs: 10:00am - 12:53pm

Textbook/Materials: • •

Anatomy & Physiology, An Integrative Approach. Mckinley, O’Loughlin, & Bidle. McGraw-Hill – 2013 Lecture Notes, Announcements, Assignments on Moodle www.gogebic.edu/moodle o You are responsible for checking your GCC email and Moodle regularly for class announcements.

Office Hours: Monday – Thursday: 4:00 – 5:00 pm

Monday & Wednesday: 12:30 – 1:00 pm

Course Description: A study of the function, regulation, control, and interrelationships of the systems of the human body. Lectures emphasize the functions of the body systems, with correlation to relevant anatomy and clinical pathology. Lab work includes exploration of human physiology through use of clinical equipment and computer simulations. Major Divisions – Topics covered, including lecture/laboratory hours (hours are approximate and may change during the semester) Lecture Laboratory Human Cell/Metabolic Reactions 6 6 Integumentary System 3 3 Muscular System 5 3 Nervous System 4 3 Sense Organs 3 3 Endocrine System 3 3 Cardiovascular System 6 6 Vascular System 3 3 Respiratory System 3 3 Digestive System 3 3 Urinary System 3 3 Water and Electrolyte Balance 3 3 Reproductive System 3 Grades: Grades will be based on: Unit exams = 30% (3 unit exams, each =10% of total), Quizzes = 30%, Lab / Homework / Participation = 25%, and Final Exam = 15%. Grade Scale: A ≥ 95% A- 90-94%

B+ 87-89% B 85-86% B- 80-84%

C+ 77-79% C 75-76% C- 70-74%

D 65- 69%

F < 65%

Attendance: Attendance in labs and lectures is required. Absences, whether unexcused or excused, will negatively affect your participation grade. Absences will only be excused if they are reported to the instructor in advance of an expected absence. If an emergency arises, which results in an excused absence, the student must notify the instructor within 24 hours of the missed class. Due to the limited class time for labs, assignments missed during an excused absence can only be made up during the other lab session that week. Assignments missed for an unexcused absence cannot be made up. **Cell phone use is prohibited during class - students using phones will be asked to leave.

Late Assignments: Assignments are due at the beginning of the class on the due date. If an assignment is turned in after that time (even later in the class) it is considered late. The first late assignment will be accepted without any point deduction if it is turned in by the next class. A second late assignment will be worth ½ of the total points if turned in by the next class. Any late assignments after 2 will not be accepted for any credit. Any assignment turned in more than one week after the due date will not be accepted and will not be graded for any credit. Presentations may not be turned in late. Assignments due on the day of an unexcused absence are considered late unless turned in before the time they are due. Exams: There will be 3 unit exams during the semester and one final exam. Tentative exam dates are listed on the schedule, but changes to the dates may be announced in class if necessary. **(Anyone who will miss an exam for an excused absence must notify me IN ADVANCE to have the possibility of a make-up exam.) If an exam is missed for a medical reason, a doctor’s note should be provided to the instructor. Re-grades: If there is a question about how an exam or quiz question was graded or a dispute over a correct answer, the exam or quiz may be turned in for a re-grade. The disputed question must be marked and a written explanation must accompany the exam or quiz in order to receive credit. I will not consider an exam or quiz for a re-grade unless the question/dispute is in writing. Any re-grades must be turned in one week after the assignment is returned to you. Re-grades will NOT be considered after the one week deadline. Quizzes: There will be weekly quizzes given in lecture. The two lowest quiz grades will be dropped when your quiz average is calculated. Because one reason for the weekly quiz is to encourage students to be prepared, to participate in discussions, and to practice working with the material, if a quiz is missed for an unexcused absence, it will result in a zero, and will be one of the quizzes that is dropped. A missed quiz may be taken before the lab section if the instructor is informed of an excused absence in advance. Lab / Homework / Particpation Grades: Are composed of: Laboratory assignments and worksheets = 50% of lab grade, written chapter discussion questions or reading assignments = 2 x 12.5% = 25% of lab grade, presentation = 15% of lab grade, participation = 10% of lab grade. Participation points are earned by working on experiments, doing your own work on individual assignments, cleaning up after lab, observing lab safety rules, not using cell phones during class, participating in class discussions in lecture and lab, etc. Absences result in a loss of participation points on the day of the absence, whether or not the absence is excused. Due to the set up involved with labs and the limited lab time available, a make-up for an absence from lab cannot be guaranteed. One make up day may be available the end of the semester. If you have an excused absence, discuss it with me outside of class time, and if it is a planned absence, you must talk to me in advance. ADA Statement: If you believe that you need academic accommodations for a disability that qualifies under the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, please contact the Office of Disability Services, located in office T105E of the ACES Center on the Ironwood Campus, by calling 906.932.4231 x 271, or e-mail Dayle Jackson at [email protected] to discuss your needs and the process for requesting accommodations. This office is responsible for coordinating disability-related academic accommodations and will issue students with verification letters as appropriate. Since accommodations may require early planning and generally are not provided retroactively, please contact the office as soon as possible. Dishonesty, Cheating: Academic dishonesty of any kind, including cheating on exam, copying assignments, or plagiarism, may be dealt with in any manner deemed suitable by the instructor, including the recording of a failing grade for the course. Cheating on examinations may also result in the student appearing before the Student Personnel Committee and possible suspension from school if circumstances warrant. • All of your work must be in your own words. Copying from another student, copying answers from previous students’ worksheets, or cutting & pasting or otherwise copying from the internet is cheating. • First offense: You and the person you copied from will receive a zero on the assignment/test. • Second offense: You fail the course. *Use of a cellular device for any reason during an exam or quiz will result in an automatic failing grade

*In the event of a class cancellation, a scheduled quiz or exam will be given during the next class, whether it is a lecture or lab. You are also responsible for checking Moodle for any announcements or class assignments.* Course Schedule The following is a tentative schedule for the semester. Adjustments may be necessary as the semester progresses – you are responsible for any changes to the schedule which are announced in class.

Week One (Jan 13)

Human cell/Metabolic Rxn

Chapters 1-3

(1-2)

Week Two (Jan 20)

Cell Biology/Tissues

Chapters 4-5

(3, 4)

Week Three (Jan 27)

Skin/Skeletal System

Chapter 6/7

(5, 6)

Week Four (Feb 3)

Skeletal/Muscular System

Chapter 7, 9, & 10 (6, 8, 9)

Week Five (Feb 10)

Muscular System

Chapter 10

(9)

Week Six (Feb 17)

Nervous System

Chapter 12-14

(11-13)

Week Seven (Feb 24)

Nervous Sys/Sense Organs

Chapter 13, 15, 16 (13-16)

Week Eight (Mar 3)

Endocrine/Lymphatics

Chapter 17 / 21

Spring Break – March 9-13th

(17-18 / 22)

(No Class)

Week Nine (Mar 17)

Lymphatics/Immunity

Chapter 21 / 22

(22)

Week Ten (Mar 24)

Blood/CV System

Chapter 18 / 19

(19/20)

Week Eleven (Mar 31)

Cardiovascular System

Chapter 19 / 20

(20/21)

Week Twelve (Apr 7)

Respiratory System

Chapter 23

(23)

Week Thirteen (Apr 14)

Digestive System

Chapter 26-27

(24-25)

Week Fourteen (Apr 21)

Urinary/H2O Balance

Chapter 24-25

(26/27)

Week Fifteen (Apr 28)

H2O Balance/Reproductive

Chapter 25 / 28

(27/28)

Week Sixteen (May 5)

Final Exam

Lab Schedule The following is a tentative schedule for the semester. Adjustments may be necessary as the semester progresses – you are responsible for any changes to the schedule which are announced in class.

Week 1

Intro to Physiology

Week 2

Chemistry Review / Cell Structure

Week 3

Skin

Week 4

Reading Assignment & Discussion #1 (Muscular System)

Week 5

Muscular System

Week 6

Nervous System

Week 7

Senses

Week 8

Endocrine Spring Break – March 9-13th

(Exam 1)

(Presentations) (No Class) (Exam 2)

Week 9

Blood

Week 10

Cardiovascular System/Blood Pressure

Week 11

Cardiovascular System

Week 12

Respiratory System

Week 13

Digestive Physiology / H2O Balance

(Exam 3)

Week 14

Reading Assignment & Discussion #2

(Urinary System)

Week 15

H2O Balance

Week 16

Finals Week (No Lab)

BIO 251 (Human Physiology) Course Objectives and Major Concepts Course Objectives: Be able to explain how organs and tissues work together to perform the specific functions of the body systems Understand how the structure dictates the function of the human body therefore contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis within the body Relate and explain how the physiology of each body system can help with clinical correlation within the human body Describe how the anatomy of the human body functions as a network to sense and respond to stimuli, contributing to the overall integration of the body systems Understand how the structure of the human body can be affected by certain pathology and age-related changes to diminish the overall effectiveness of the organ systems to maintain homeostasis Develop a better understanding of the functional characteristics of the human body through laboratory observation and experimentation

Major concepts: 1. Describe homeostasis and explain its importance to survival 2. Explain how the study of living materials requires the understanding of chemistry 3. List the major groups of inorganic and organic substances that are common in cells and describe their general functions 4. Define pH and explain how it is maintained at a relatively constant level within the body 5. Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell; explain how the components of the cell membrane provide its functions and help to move substances in and out of cells 6. List and describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function 7. Explain the cell cycle and its importance in the overall physiologic functioning of the human body 8. Explain how a cell divides and describe several physiologic mechanisms that control it 9. Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism; explain how metabolic pathways are regulated, including the role of enzymes 10. Describe how cells access energy; explain the roles of cellular respiration and carbohydrate metabolism in that process. 11. Relate how DNA molecules store genetic information and describe how the DNA molecules are replicated 12. Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information and relate how the genetic information can be altered, causing changes within an organism 13. List and describe the events that are part of wound healing and tissue repair, compare and contrast it with the events of bone repair; describe the effects of sunlight, nutrition, hormonal secretions, and exercise on bone development 14. Contrast and compare intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

15. Relate the life-span changes of joints with related structural pathology and why cartilage is prone to degeneration 16. Name the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber and describe the function of each part; including a detailed explanation of the sliding filament model, membrane potentials, action potentials, neuromuscular junctions, coupling, cross-bridge movement and muscle relaxation. 17. Explain the major events that occur during muscle fiber contraction, include an explanation distinguishing between a twitch and a sustained muscle contraction. 18. Explain how energy is supplied to muscle fiber contraction, how oxygen debt develops, and how muscle may become fatigued 19. Describe how exercise affects skeletal muscle; relate relevant pathology and life-span changes to disruption of normal muscle function 20. Review the general structure of a neuron and describe how an injured axon may regenerate 21. Describe and explain how a membrane becomes polarized, including the events that lead to the conduction of a nerve impulse and how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another. 22. Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; describe the two ways impulses are processed in neuronal pools. 23. Describe a reflex arc and explain reflex behavior, including features of a stretch reflex, a golgi tendon reflex, a withdrawal reflex, and a cross extensor reflex. 24. Name the major parts of the brain and describe the functions of each; distinguish among motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex 25. Explain hemisphere dominance, the stages of memory storage, and functions of the limbic system & reticular formation. 26. Describe the general characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, distinguishing between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. 27. Describe the sensory and association areas of the cerebral cortex and discuss their interactions 28. Explain how receptors stimulate sensory impulses, how sensation is produced, and distinguish between somatic and special senses 29. Explain and describe the processes of olfaction and taste. 30. Describe how the sense of pain is produced; distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium 31. Explain how the eye refracts light and describe how the brain perceives depth and distance; describe the visual nerve pathways 32. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands; describe the locations, functions and structural components of each major gland; relate and explain the relative life-span changes and resulting pathology of each of the major glands 33. Describe the general characteristics of blood and explain their functions, include a detailed explanation of hemostasis, coagulation, and blood typing.

34. Describe the cardiac cycle and explain how it is controlled; identify the parts of a normal ECG pattern and discuss the significance of this pattern 35. Describe how substances are exchanged between blood in the capillaries and surrounding tissues 36. Describe how blood pressure is controlled. What are the major short term regulators of blood pressure and what are the long term regulators of blood pressure? What is the equation for MAP? Describe the factors that will increase or decrease MAP. 37. Identify and describe the components of the lymphatic system; Explain and describe immunity. What are the two major types of immunity in the body? Explain the steps in an active immune response to an antigen. 38. Describe each organ & function of the respiratory system; name and define each of the respiratory air volumes and capacities. Discuss how various factors effect breathing. 39. Identify, locate and list the general functions of the major organs and the accessory organs of the digestive system 40. Describe the structure of the alimentary canal and explain how contents are mixed and moved 41. Name the organs of the urinary system and list their general functions; explain water and electrolyte balance and discuss the importance of this balance. 42. Describe the nephron and explain the function of its major parts 43. Describe how components of the urinary system change with age and in relation to pertinent pathology 44. Compare and contrast the general functions of the male and female reproductive system and how meiosis differs between the two genders

Questions to consider for each organ system of the human body: 1. What is the function of this system in the human body? 2. What goals does this system try to accomplish in the human body? 3. What are the structures associated with each body system? 4. How does each structure contribute to the proper function of the body? 5. What happens if this system becomes diseased and no longer functions properly?