FINNISH 2000 UNIVERSITIES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SCIENCE POLICY UNIVERSITY DIVISION
Ministry of Education Department for Education and Science Policy University Division Meritullinkatu 10, Helsinki P.O. Box 29 FIN-00023 Government, Finland Editors: Iiris Patosalmi, Kaija Salenius Translation: The English Centre Helsinki Layout: Osmo Leppälä/Station MIR Oy Printed by F.G. Lönnberg 2001 ISSN 1238-5107
Contents 6 Finnish universities in 2000 8 Targets 10 Student selection and undergraduate studies 13 Postgraduate education 14 Research 15 Adult education 16 International cooperation 17 Steering and resources 19 Statistics 27 Contact information
Universities University of Helsinki University of Joensuu University of Jyväskylä University of Kuopio University of Lapland University of Oulu University of Tampere University of Turku University of Vaasa Åbo Akademi University Helsinki University of Technology Lappeenranta University of Technology Tampere University of Technology Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration Turku School of Economics and Business Administration Academy of Fine Arts Sibelius Academy Theatre Academy University of Art and Design Helsinki
2000
T
he universities have taken on increasing importance in the drive to turn Finland into a knowledge society. Europe’s education ministers have committed themselves to creating a European area of higher education with shared objectives, and Finland is very much involved in this process in respect of our own national higher education policy. The challenge we face is to ensure the international competitiveness of our universities. In 2000, Finland produced 11,515 new Masters and 1,156 new Doctors. The number of degrees was well above the average targets set for the three-year period 1998-2000. More new students than ever before (21,494) accepted a place at university. The employment rate among graduates remained stay. International student exchange developed positively, with a notable rise in the number of foreign students coming to Finland. There is now a fairly even spread between Finnish students leaving to study abroad and foreign students coming to study in Finland. According to an evaluation of the graduate schools completed in spring 2000, the schools have effectively met the objectives set for them. They have advanced the professionalization of research as a career and increased the willingness of young researchers to seek research training. New Doctors have readily found work, with an unemployment rate of just 0.3%; the average age for completing a doctorate was around 30. The evaluation report on the Government programme for additional research expenditure revealed that the universities benefited most from the programme. Among other things, the additional funding was used to establish new graduate schools, update university equipment, improve the research capabilities of the universities and considerably expand the numbers of research personnel. The growing importance of the universities and the increasing complexity of their links with society at large has led to a greater need for strategic management. Many universities have reviewed their overall strategy and reinforced their strategic management. There was an increase in external funding in 2000, bringing it up to 35% of overall funding for the universities. This poses new challenges for university management and administration, and the universities accordingly began the process of overhauling their external funding strategies so as to support both the primary functions shared by all universities and the specific objectives of individual institutions. The quality of operations was raised in a number of ways during the course of the year. The Finnish Council of University Rectors surveyed the quality work carried out by the management of the various universities. Many univer4
sities have developed their own quality control systems. The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council has led an overall evaluation of all the universities in Finland and separate evaluations of individual fields. Sound research ethics have been stressed as an essential component of quality in the universities. The structural change in society has been reflected in new educational needs. The universities have responded by expanding teaching in a number of fields, including IT, teacher training, training of doctors and the biosciences. The project for a national virtual university was launched in line with the national strategy for education, training and research in the information society by the setting up of a special development unit to this end in autumn 2000. During the course of the year all the universities decided to join together in a national consortium for the virtual university. The targets set for the Programme for Increasing Education in Information Industry Fields were also well met. Seven new joint development programmes covering several universities were agreed in the performance agreements with a view to supporting the quality and efficiency of studies and student counselling. As a result, we can expect to see approaches and recommendations for institutional improvements which will allow students to progress more efficiently and rapidly in their studies. During the course of the year there was a high-profile public debate on how to secure the basic resources of the universities. The debate was characterized by broad agreement on the measures needed to ensure a match between the expanded role of the universities and the funding needed to carry it out. One concrete contribution to securing the basic resources of the universities was the Government’s decision of spring 2000 on a ‘future package’ to improve the system of university funding and direct special funding into improving the regional effectiveness of the universities. The period of validity of section 3 of the Higher Education Development Act came to an end at the end of 2000. A decision on extending the legislation was carried over to the current year.
Helsinki, March 26, 2001
Markku Mattila Ministry of Education Director of University Division 5
University of Lapland
Finnish Universities in 2000
University of Oulu
University of Vaasa University of Kuopio University of Joensuu University of Jyväskylä
University of Tampere Tampere University of Technology University of Turku Åbo Akademi University Turku School of Economics and Business Administration
Lappeenranta University of Technology
University of Helsinki Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration Academy of Fine Arts Sibelius Academy Theatre Academy University of Art and Design Helsinki
6
UNIVERSITIES
multi-faculty universities 10 specialized universities 6 art academies 4
STUDENTS
new students 19,900 new students as a percentage of school leavers 30.7% undergraduate students 133,200 postgraduate students 20,500 students, total 157,200
DEGREES
Bachelor’s degrees 2,500 Master’s degrees 11,500 Licentiates 750 doctorates 1,200
PERSONNEL
teachers 7,400 research personnel 4,800 students in graduate schools 1,400 other staff, on budget funds 8,100 other staff, on external financing 4,900
FUNDING
budget funding and building investments FIM 6,048 million external funding FIM 3,342 million budget funding, percentage of GNP at market prices (preliminary data) 0.8%
Funding decisions: Academy of Finland funding decisions for universities FIM 754.4 million Technology Development Centre of Finland (TEKES) funding decisions for universities FIM 504 million
PREMISES
OPEN UNIVERSITY
CONTINUING EDUCATION
INDICATORS IN 2000
premises (1,000 sq.m. utility space) 1,873
students 80,000
students 121,200
new students per teacher 2.7 students per teacher 21.2 Master’s degrees per teacher 1.6 doctorates per professor 0.6 expenditure from budget (excluding cost of premises) per student, FIM 30,300
7
Targets
I
n December 1999, the Government adopted the Development Plan for Education and Research for 1999-2004. During this period, work to develop education and research will focus on ensuring the basic right to study, safeguarding the financial foundation of education, information technology in teaching and research, international cooperation, lifelong learning, further development of research activities, evaluation, and basic and continuing education for teachers. In the university sector, the focus will be on safeguarding basic funding, developing teaching and learning, strengthening researcher training, regional effectiveness, advancing the development of profiles for individual universities, and structural development. In research, the emphasis will be on the need to safeguard a balanced and efficient research system and to guarantee the quality and effectiveness of research and efficient utilization of results.
8
TARGETS SET FOR THE UNIVERSITIES IN 2000
Quality targets
The universities will continue to strive for a high international standard in research, teaching and artistic activities. The quality of operations will be improved, particularly by continuing intensified creation of specific profiles for individual universities, enhancing policies concerning centres of excellence and researcher training, establishing the graduate school system on a permanent footing, and creating a system of research doctorates. The operations and quality of the universities will be evaluated. Structural development of the universities will continue in order to improve the quality, economy and efficiency of operations. The universities will intensify the effectiveness of their research, teaching and artistic activities and promote graduate employment and entrepreneurial capabilities, for instance by developing training systems. They will also further intensify cooperation with society in general and with other educational units. Students in all fields of study will have flexible opportunities to choose minor subjects. Quantitative targets
The universities aimed at an average of 10,800 Master’s degrees and 930 new doctorates a year over the period 1998-2000. The target was to offer 60-65% of schoolleavers a place at a university or polytechnic. In 2000, the universities will have welcomed an estimated 15,200 new young students and 4,900 new mature students. It is hoped that 75% of those who have begun their studies under the new degree system will take their Master’s degree in five years. As a rule, the Master’s degree includes an initial three years of study for the Bachelor’s degree. Open university teaching is made available to at least 88,000 students a year, and continuing education to at least 105,000. Student selection
Cooperation in student selection and selection procedures will be developed by utilizing the universities’ joint application and enrolment system. In their student selection, the universities will follow a procedure whereby a successful applicant can accept one study place at a university or polytechnic in a given academic year. Students will also be able to start studying for a degree through open university studies. International cooperation
The universities will increase their international cooperation and foreign-language instruction. 5,000 undergraduates a year pursue part of their studies abroad. Resources
The priced commercial services provided by the universities make an overall profit. 9
STUDENT SELECTION AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
A Chart 1
lmost 110,100 applications were received by the universities in 2000. Nearly 64,100 applicants took entrance examinations, and approximately 26,800 were accepted. Almost 58% of successful applicants were women. Over 19,900 students began their studies in autumn 2000, an increase of 2.8% on the previous year. Of the 21,500 students who accepted the offer of a university place, 46.8% were 20 years old or younger. The acceptance rate was highest for engineering, dentistry and agriculture and forestry, and lowest in the artistic fields, psychology and sport sciences. The number of university students rose by almost 3.5% on the previous year. The total figure was 157,200; of these, over 133,200 were undergraduates and a good 20,500 postgraduates. 53.1% were women. The biggest fields of study in terms of students were engineering, the humanities and natural sciences; the smallest were the fine arts, theatre and dance, and veterinary medicine. Almost 16,800 degrees were awarded during the course of the year, a fall of around 2% on the previous year. Over 11,500 were Master’s degrees, 2.9% less than the previous year, but comfortably above the annual target of 10,800 set for 1998-2000. A majority of all Master’s degrees were taken in engineering, humanities, educational sciences, natural sciences, economics and business administration, and the social sciences, which together accounted for 79% of all degrees. The median completion time was 6.5 years. Over 2,500 students completed a Bachelor’s degree, representing no change from the previous year.
Student selection in 2000 by field of study (percentage of applications admitted) Engineering Dentistry
Agriculture and forestry Natural sciences Pharmacy Theology Economics Medicine Humanities Social sciences Health sciences Law Music Veterinary medicine Art and design Educational sciences Sport sciences Psychology Fine arts Theatre and dance 0
10
20
30
40
50
Source: KOTA
Chart 2
Matriculated students and university entrants 1982–2000
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 1982 1984 1986 1988 Matriculated students
1990 1992
1994 1996
1998
2000
Entrants
Source: KOTA, Statistics Finland and the Matriculation Examination Board
10
Chart 3
Chart 4
Number of students 1992-2000
Bachelors´s degrees and Master´s degrees 1982-2000
14,000
200,000
12,000
150,000
10,000 8,000
100,000
6,000
200,000
50,000
4,000 2,000
0 1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
All university students
Scientific postgraduate students
Students of basic studies
Professional postgraduate students
0 1982
1984
1986
Bachelors´s degrees
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
Master´s degrees Source: KOTA
Source: KOTA
There was improvement in the employment situation for graduates. According to Statistics Finland, the unemployment rate among Masters aged 20-64 was 4.0%, the same as the previous year. The unemployment rate among research or similar graduates aged 20-64 was 2.4%, against 2.5% the previous year. The universities intensified their graduate placement work by improving the provision of advisory and guidance services and making better use of student traineeships. Measures to promote clarification of the degree system and more effective teaching and learning continued in line with the Development Plan. In order to introduce more clarity to the system of university degrees and develop further the Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, a decision was taken to launch an evaluation of Master’s programmes in 2001. A vocationally oriented licentiate degree was introduced in the fields of social work, pharmacy, speech therapy, clinical genetics, clinical physics, clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology and clinical cell biology. The optional element of studies and the scope of degrees were increased by extending the experiment for flexible opportunities to choose minor subjects. The project for a virtual university was launched in line with the strategy for education, training and research in the information society. Funding for development of the virtual university was allocated in the performance agreements for the universities to further development of the universities’ own activities and distance teaching and to advance interuniversity cooperation. A special development unit was also set up for the virtual university, and this
began preparations for forming a virtual university consortium, designing a portal and generating a service concept for the university. In accordance with the information strategy, the universities’ own strategy work and continuing education for teaching staff also played a key role in development work on the virtual university. As part of the process of implementing the information strategy, and in order to meet the demand for a skilled labour force in the information industry and digital communications, implementation of the Programme for Increasing Education in Information Industry Fields 1998-2002 was continued. The programme will gradually increase the number of university undergraduates in this field by a total of 1,000 from 1998 to 2000. In the period 1998-2002, 5,150 new students will start studying in information industry programmes intended for upgrading or converting previous diplomas or degrees. The targets for the sector have been well met. In 2000, there were a total of 3,300 new students, with a further 1,600 starting studies in the universities’ upgrading and conversion programmes. The information industry programme was allocated a total of FIM 106 million. In addition to technical and natural science fields related to the information industry, there was also an expansion in teaching in the fields of content production and digital communication. Research was also launched into conversion training in the information industry, as was an anticipatory project to chart the need for further development of educational provision for the information industry and digital communications. 11
The advanced age of many teachers and the fairly large number who lack any formal teaching qualification led to the launch of a programme for developing the quantitative provision and substantive content of basic, final and supplementary training for teachers. This will increase places in teacher training by around 3,000 over the period 2001-2003, with the largest groups being teachers of mathematics and science subjects, language teachers and primary school teachers. Work continued on the LUMA programme to promote teaching and research in mathematics and the natural sciences. In line with the programme, the universities paid greater attention to the training of subject teachers and to cooperation with the schools in research and development of teaching and in catering to the needs of particularly gifted pupils. A separate working group explored the question of entrepreneurial skills as part of an effective system of innovation and the development of services and businesses in general, while the national programme on teaching and research in the field of economics and business administration was confirmed and implemented. A study was also conducted to assess the need to expand the training of doctors in the years ahead. Teaching, research and expertise on Russia and Southeast Asia were further reinforced. Networked cooperation continued in these sectors and in psychology, tourism, futurology, statistics, social work and communication sciences. A decision in principle concerning regional development of the universities and polytechnics was taken in May 2000, with a total of FIM 100 million being channelled into development in 2001-2003, FIM 60 million of which is earmarked for the universities and FIM 40 million for the polytechnics. In addition to this, the Ministry of Education appointed a working group on regional development of the higher education system. Its brief includes assessing the regional cover and need for further development of higher education and research and development work in the higher education sector. It is also charged with drawing up a programme of action for regional development of the higher education system through to 2006.
Greater attention was devoted to the quality of teaching. The centres of educational excellence selected by the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council were: • Department of Geography, University of Helsinki • Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki • Faculty of Theology, University of Helsinki • Finnish Postgraduate Programme in Economics (FPPE), University of Helsinki • Department of Biology, University of Joensuu • Jyväskylä International Summer School, University of Jyväskylä • Department of Social Work, University of Lapland • Department of Finnish, Saami and Logopedics, University of Oulu • Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu • Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu • Department of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy, University of Tampere • Undergraduate Education in Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tampere • Faculty of Law, University of Turku • Studies in History, University of Turku • Degree Programme in Engineering Physics, Helsinki University of Technology • Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Helsinki University of Technology • Department of Languages and Communication, Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration • Department of Solo Studies, Unit for Doctoral Studies, Sibelius Academy The centres of excellence in artistic fields selected by the Arts Council of Finland were: • Department of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology • Folk Music Department, Sibelius Academy The centres of excellence offering adult education selected by the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council were: • University of Helsinki • University of Vaasa • Åbo Akademi University • Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration • Sibelius Academy
12
Chart 5
Chart 6
Licentiate´s degrees and Doctor´s degrees 1982-2000
Percentage of women amongst new students, Master´s graduates and Doctorates 1990–2000
% 70
1,400
60
1,200
50
1,000
40
800
30
600
20
400 10
200
0 1990
0 1982
1984
1986 1988
Licentiate´s degrees
1990 1992
1994
1996 1998
2000
1992
New students Master´s graduates
Doctor´s degrees Source: KOTA
1994
1996
1998
2000
Doctorates Source: KOTA
POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
T
he number of new doctorates was more or less unchanged from the previous year, at 1,156; in 1999 there were 1,165. The proportion accounted for by women continued to grow, reaching 45.2% (43.3% in 1999). There were approximately 750 new Licentiates. When the graduate school system began in 1995, the main aims were to improve the quality of researcher training and make postgraduate education more systematic, shorten the time spent on preparing doctoral dissertations and lower the average age of new Doctors, improve cooperation between research groups and increase international cooperation in teaching and research. In 2000, there were 94 graduate schools operating in the universities, with 4,000 full-time research students. 1,282 research student positions were funded by the Ministry of Education, some 500 by the Academy of Finland and the rest either by the universities themselves or by foundations. According to an evaluation completed in spring 2000, the graduate schools have successfully met the aims set for them, advancing the professionalization of
a research career and the interest in researcher training among young researchers. The graduate school system has made postgraduate studies more systematic and efficient and led to an increase in international educational events and research cooperation. During the first four-year period, the graduate schools produced some 900 new Doctors. Almost half of these (46%) were in natural sciences and technology, around a quarter (23%) in medicine and nursing sciences, and approximately 15% each in cultural studies and social sciences, and the environment and natural resources. 38% of new Doctors were women. Most of the new Doctors were able to find work, the unemployment rate being a mere 0.3%. Approximately half (51%) continued their existing work in research in Finland, while 15% left to work abroad. 16% took up new posts in the private sector, 11% in the public sector, and 3% in the teaching sector. Approximately 30% of Doctors taking up a job after completing graduate school were under 30 years of age on taking their doctorate, while the average age was 32. 13
The centres of excellence in research selected by the Academy of Finland were: • Ancient and Medieval Greek Documents,
Academy of Finland decisions on research funding by field of research 2000
Chart 7
Archives and Libraries, University of Helsinki • Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics, University of
5
6
Helsinki (and National Public Health Institute and Folkhälsan)
1
• Centre for Activity Theory and Developmental Work Research, University of Helsinki
1 Medicine and nursing sciences 30%
4
2 Natural sciences 28% 3 Humanities 15%
• Helsinki Bioenergetics Group, University of Helsinki
4 Social sciences 15%
• The Metapopulation Research Group, University of Helsinki
5 Engineering 9%
• Plant Molecular Biology and Forest
3
Biotechnology Research Unit, University of Helsinki
6 Agriculture and forestry 3% 2
• Programme in Cancer Biology: Growth Control
Source: Academy of Finland
and Angiogenesis, University of Helsinki • Programme on Molecular Neurobiology, University of Helsinki (and the Institute of Biotechnology) • Programme on Structural Virology, University of Helsinki • Research Unit for Variation and Change in English,
RESEARCH
University of Helsinki • Research Unit on the Formation of Early Jewish and Christian Ideology, University of Helsinki and Åbo Akademi University • Tissue Engineering and Medical, Dental and Veterinary
T
Biomaterial Research Group, University of Helsinki,
here was an increase in university research funding. The proportion of research expenditure allocated to the universities was 25.8%. The State budget included FIM 7.6 billion in total expenditure on research and development, representing 4.6% of total government spending excluding the cost of servicing the government debt. Expenditure on research and development at the universities in 2000 totalled some FIM 1.9 billion. Altogether FIM 1,258.4 million of research funding was channelled into the universities through the Academy of Finland and the Technology Development Centre of Finland (TEKES). The evaluation report on the Government programme for additional research expenditure for 1997-1999 was completed at the end of 2000. According to the report, the universities benefited most from the programme, receiving additional funding either in the form of direct budgetary appropriations or as project or programme funding via the Academy of Finland and the Technology Development Centre of Finland (TEKES). The additional funding was used to establish new graduate schools and expand existing ones, update university equipment, improve the research capabilities of the universities, increase the training of experts in mathematical, scientific and
Tampere University of Technology and Helsinki University of Technology • Research Unit for Forest Ecology and Management, University of Joensuu • Centre of Excellence in Nuclear and Condensed Matter Physics at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä • Evolutionary Ecology, University of Jyväskylä • The Human Development and Its Risk Factors Programme, University of Jyväskylä • Collagen Research Unit, University of Oulu • Cell Surface Receptors in Inflammation and Malignancies, University of Turku • Process Chemistry Group, Åbo Akademi University • Computational Condensed-matter and Complex Materials Research Unit, Helsinki University of Technology • Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology • Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology • Research Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology • Institute of Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University of Technology • Signal Processing Algorithm Group, Tampere University of Technology • Technical Research Centre of Finland, Industrial Biotechnology, Technical Research Centre of Finland
14
Chart 8
Chart 9
Research personnel* 1992–2000
Number of students in adult education 1992-2000
160,000
7,000
140,000
6,000
120,000 5,000
100,000
4,000
80,000
3,000
60,000 40,000
2,000
20,000
1,000
0 1992
0 1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1994
1996
1998
2000
2000
Open university instrucion, number of students (net total)
* As of 1995 also includes graduate school research students
Continuing education, number of students Source: KOTA
Source: KOTA
technical fields, and expand knowledge exchange and networking. The granting of additional funding has added to the impact of targeted funding in accelerating structural change in the research system. The most important structural change has been the considerable increase in research staff. Much of the additional funding has gone on joint projects between the universities and industry. The universities and new high-tech companies are working closely together in developing innovations and inventions. 50% of additional funding went to the University of Helsinki, Helsinki University of Technology and the University of Oulu. Concentration of resources has given rise to the type of strong research environments essential in international scientific competition. According to the Academy of Finland’s review of scientific research in Finland (‘The State and Quality of Scientific Research in Finland’) completed in autumn 2000, Finnish science is both well known and highly regarded internationally. Analyses of publications and references show positive progress in the effectiveness and influence of Finnish research during the 1990s in all the main research fields. In 2000, almost 7,000 Finnish articles and papers were published in international scientific series.
ADULT EDUCATION
S
ome 80,000 people studied at the open university during the course of the year, and increase of 3.2% on 1999. The University of the Third Age for older people had some 9,500 registered students. The nationwide Internet-based information and guidance services of the open university were in active use, and the number of courses or study programmes available over the web continued to rise. Approximately 550 students were accepted for degree programmes at universities in 2000 on the basis of studies taken through the open university, or around half the target figure set for the year. The total number of courses in continuing education continued to rise, with almost 5,200 courses being arranged. Almost 600 of these were specialization programmes consisting of more than 20 credits. Almost 121,200 students took part in continuing education, a drop of 9.2% on the previous year.
15
Chart 10
Student exchanges 2000
Germany France Spain Italy Russia United-Kingdom USA Estonia
Chart 11
Students entering and leaving Finland under exchange programmes 2000
Poland Hungary
Socrates
Netherlands
Individual exchange agreements at universities
Sweden
Free mover/student exchange or trainee work
Austria Czech Republic
Nordplus
Belgium
Other exchange programmes
Others 0 Finns abroad
200
400
600
800
0
1,000
Finns abroad
Foreigners in Finland Source: CIMO
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Foreigners in Finland Source: CIMO
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
T
he universities further increased their international activities, in both teaching and research. 12% of all Finnish researchers and teachers worked for at least two weeks at foreign institutions of higher education. There was an increase in international student exchange, mainly through multilateral programmes, but the targets set for the year were not achieved. During the course of the year, 3,962 Finnish university students took part in exchange programmes abroad, as against 4,153 in 1999. The number of foreign university students coming to Finland to study rose to 3,202, against the previous year’s figure of 2,882. Almost 3,500 foreign students were studying for degrees at Finnish universities, of whom almost 1,200 were postgraduates. A majority came from countries
in Europe, with the second largest proportion coming from Asia. Work continued on implementing the EU’s Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (1998-2002), within which the universities took an active part in the first application rounds. Finns took part in close on 650 projects. The universities accounted for around 31% of Finnish participants, research institutes for a further 29%, and business enterprises for 33%. The Group for Technology Studies at the Technical Research Centre of Finland assessed the impact of EU research programmes on Finnish universities. Preliminary results suggest EU research cooperation has broadened the range of international cooperation by the universities and led to new cooperation initiatives. 16
Chart 12
Educational, research and cultural appropriations in the State budget and supplementary budgets and their distribution by sector in 2000 (%) B Distribution by sector
A Share of State expenditure 4
1
7 1 6 2
2 5 4
3 1 Education, research and culture 14% 2 Social security and health care 22% 3 Other 47% 4 Government debtserving costs 17%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
University education and research 22% Polytechnical education 5% General education 29% Vocational education 10% Adult education 6% Financial aid for students 14% Other 14%
STEERING AND RESOURCES
T
he Ministry of Education and the universities negotiated performance agreements for 20012003 and agreed resources for 2001. Work continued on developing the budgeting system for university funding, and in allocation of basic funding the gradual change-over to an accounting procedure continued. Under a decision-in-principle by the Government, basic funding for the universities was increased by FIM 525 million for 2001-2003. Basic funding was also supported both by funding for regional development of the university system included in the new ‘future package’ and by additional funding from the Academy of Finland towards overheads. International evaluation of the universities continued in accordance with the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council programme. In 2000, the following evaluations were completed: evaluation of teaching at the University of Tampere, evaluation of the Academy of Fine Arts, evaluation of the external effectiveness of the University of Turku, follow-up evaluation on the overall evaluation of the University of Vaasa, and EQUIS evaluation of Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.
The following educational sector-specific evaluations were also completed: evaluation of education and research in Slavonic and Baltic studies, evaluation of degree programmes in the IT sector, and evaluation of teacher training. Two new evaluation projects launched during the course of the year were evaluation of study guidance for students and evaluation of higher education in mechanical engineering. The State budget allocated FIM 5.57 billion for university operating expenses. Special funding was earmarked for national development programmes such as information society projects, a programme for additional measures in the information industry and improvements in the research capabilities of the universities. Operating expenses included a total of FIM 663 million for project funding. Project funding was used to support national areas of emphasis such as the strategy for education, training and research in the information society (FIM 85 million), projects relating to the language strategy (FIM 9.1 million) and research and teaching projects on Russia and Southeast Asia (FIM 8.2 million). FIM 12.8 million was designated for expansion in the training of doctors, FIM 4 million for women’s studies, FIM 188 million 17
Chart 13
Operating expenses of universities (FIM million) per annual accounts data 1992–1999*, appropriations in real terms**
5,100 5,000 4,900 4,800 4,700 4,600
for graduate schools, and FIM 6.8 million for studies in minor subjects. 2.3% of total operating expenses were allocated to the universities on the basis of quality and overall performance. A total of FIM 120.2 million in university operating expenses was allocated on the basis of performance evaluation. Of this amount, FIM 76.8 million was distributed on the basis of research, artistic activity, education and adult education centres of excellence, international operations and graduate job placements. External funding for universities rose by 7.8% on the previous year and accounted for 35.6% of total funding. Growth was particularly noticeable in research funding from domestic and foreign sources and joint funding.The objectives of priced commercial services and joint-funded activities were reviewed and steps taken to develop cost accounting in these areas. The majority of projects from the last EU Structural Fund period were still under way in 2000. Projects funded through the Ministry of Education dealt with extensive training programmes, development of the information society and teaching technology, and cooperation with business & industry by utilizing research findings, anticipating changes in the field of work, and training corporate personnel. These programmes have improved the regional effectiveness of the universities and the projects have advanced the networking of educational institutions and business & industry plus other key strategic operative areas defined by the Ministry of Education. The universities have also taken an active part in the planning and launch of new programmes in their own areas.
4,500 4,400 4,300 1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
* Effects of technical budgeting changes on appropriations eliminated in the analysis of budget trends. Appropriations for 1992–1999 adjusted to correspond to current net budgeting, and changes resulting from real estate management arrangements eliminated from 1995–1999 appropriations. ** Appropriations converted using an index where the State pay expenses index is given a 2/3 weighting and the wholesale price index a 1/3 weighting.
Chart 14 B External funding, breakdown by source in 2000
A Total funding of universities in 2000
5
6
1
1
2 4 2 3 1 External funding, total FIM 3,341.7 million, 35.6% 2 Budget funding and building investments, total FIM 6,048.1 million, 64.4%
1 2 3 4 5 6
Avademy of Finland 17% TEKES 16% Finnish corporate funding 16% Other Finnish funding 41% EU 7% Other foreign funding 3%
18
Statistics 20 Universities in 2000 20 Student selection in 2000 21 Continuing education at universities and open university instruction 1992-2000 22 Fields of study in 2000 22 State-funded research and development funding by receiving organization 1992-2000 23 Academy of Finland funding decisions by university in 2000 23 University personnel working abroad and visits by foreign researchers and teachers to universities in Finland 1992-2000 24 Teaching staff 1992-2000 24 Proportion of women (%) of teaching staff 1992-2000 24 Other personnel 1992-2000 25 Persons with a university-level degree in 1999 25 Main activity of holders of a Master’s degree following graduation 25 Unemployment rate (%) among holders of a Master’s degree or postgraduate degree 1989-1999
19
UNIVERSITIES IN 2000 New students
All students
Students of basic studies
Postgraduate students
Master´s degrees
Doctor´s degrees
Teaching staff
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
University of Helsinki
4,299 21.6
36,834 23.4
30,462 22.9
5,265 25.6
2,367 20.6
390 33.7
1,554 21.0
Re
1,151
University of Joensuu
1,068
5.4
6,325
4.0
5,588
4.2
737
3.6
553
4.8
51
4.4
374
5.1
University of Jyväskylä
1,817
9.1
12,692
8.1
11,073
8.3
1,465
7.1
1,078
9.4
82
7.1
646
8.7
365
University of Kuopio
713
3.6
4,840
3.1
3,690
2.8
774
3.8
379
3.3
56
4.8
294
4.0
211
554
2.8
3,655
2.3
3,354
2.5
291
1.4
324
2.8
10
0.9
181
2.4
49
2,131 10.7
14,014
8.9
11,837
8.9
1,718
8.4
1,119
9.7
107
9.3
841 11.4
428
94
8.1
University of Lapland University of Oulu University of Tampere
1,358
6.8
13,955
8.9
11,643
8.7
1,559
7.6
905
7.9
University of Turku
1,523
7.6
14,267
9.1
11,860
8.9
1,838
8.9
1,080
9.4
University of Vaasa
613
3.1
4,264
2.7
3,853
2.9
411
2.0
279
2.4
11
1.0
154
2.1
21
780
3.8
417
3.6
50
4.3
327
4.4
193
2,606 12.7
869
7.5
90
7.8
481
6.5
863
130 11.2
543
170
7.3
272
742 10.0
407
Åbo Akademi University
894
4.5
6,450
4.1
5,670
4.3
Helsinki University of Technology
1,655
8.3
13,841
8.8
11,235
8.4
Lappeenranta University of Technology
796
4.0
4,445
2.8
3,963
3.0
482
2.3
386
3.4
16
1.4
174
2.4
150
Tampere University of Technology
1,111
5.6
9,996
6.4
8,389
6.3
1,607
7.8
671
5.8
35
3.0
316
4.3
438
Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration
449
2.3
3,834
2.4
3,448
2.6
386
1.9
349
3.0
16
1.4
133
1.8
47
Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration
325
1.6
2,280
1.5
2,148
1.6
132
0.6
216
1.9
4
0.3
96
1.3
15
Turku School of Economics and Business Administration
272
1.4
1,961
1.2
1,751
1.3
210
1.0
177
1.5
9
0.8
90
1.2
39
Academy of Fine Arts
30
0.2
216
0.1
208
0.2
8
0
24
0.2
0
0
44
0.6
0
Sibelius Academy
145
0.7
1,427
0.9
1,319
1.0
108
0.5
123
1.1
3
0.3
239
3.2
6
Theatre Academy
47
0.2
332
0.2
300
0.2
32
0.2
54
0.5
0
0
32
0.4
0
University of Art and Design Helsinki
119
0.6
1,567
1.0
1,439
1.1
128
0.6
145
1.3
2
0.2
127
1.7
0
133,230 100
20,537
100
1,156 100
7,388
100
4,825
TOTAL 19,919 100
157,195 100
11,515 100
Source: KOTA
STUDENT SELECTION IN 2000 Applications
Examinees
Admitted
Entrants
Theology
1,018
866
301
278
Humanities
16,212
11,292
3,775
2,991
Art and design
3,123
1,121
406
243
Music
883
659
151
145
Theatre and dance
2,318
2,116
74
56
Educational sciences
21,589
6,089
2,502
2,071
Sport sciences
1,066
371
99
82
Social sciences
10,778
6,963
2,415
1,889 202
Psychology
2,482
1,597
220
Health sciences
1,705
509
365
337
Law
2,966
2,337
536
545
Economics
9,427
6,511
2,527
2,126
Natural sciences
18,675
10,722
6,537
3,278
Agriculture and forestry
1,311
1,186
515
409
Engineering
11,804
8,265
5,199
4,239
Medicine
2,202
2,029
515
485
Dentistry
190
157
79
82
Veterinary medicine
343
285
54
54
Pharmacy
1,402
935
458
377
Fine arts
638
50
26
30
TOTAL
110,132
64,060
26,754
19,919
Source: KOTA
20
Master´s degrees
Doctor´s degrees
Teaching staff
%
%
%
2,367 20.6
390 33.7
1,554 21.0
Research staff
1,151
Other staff
%
Students at graduate schools %
23.9
356 26.0
3,593 27.8
553
4.8
51
4.4
374
5.1
170
3.5
1,078
9.4
82
7.1
646
8.7
365
7.6
379
3.3
56
4.8
294
4.0
211
4.4
92
324
2.8
10
0.9
181
2.4
49
1.0
10
1,119
9.7
107
9.3
841 11.4
428
8.9
125
9.1
94
8.1
905
7.9
1,080
9.4
279
2.4
130 11.2 11
1.0
543
56
%
Expenditure FIM 1,000 mk (chageable services excluded) % 1,498,556 24.8
University of Helsinki
4.1
513
4.0
264,671
4.4
University of Joensuu
137 10.0
951
7.4
465,683
7.7
University of Jyväskylä
6.7
627
4.9
249,612
4.1
University of Kuopio
0.7
305
2.4
120,153
2.0
1,425 11.0
University of Lapland
639,115 10.6
University of Oulu University of Tampere
7.3
272
5.6
63
4.6
750
5.8
391,475
6.5
742 10.0
407
8.4
105
7.7
939
7.3
512,820
8.5
University of Turku
21
0.4
11
0.8
185
1.4
99,731
1.6
University of Vaasa
72
5.3
501
3.9
226,795
3.7
Åbo Akademi University
1,409 10.9
580,593
9.6
Helsinki University of Technology
154
2.1
417
3.6
50
4.3
327
4.4
193
4.0
869
7.5
90
7.8
481
6.5
863
17.9
386
3.4
16
1.4
174
2.4
150
3.1
0
0
151
1.2
141,226
2.3
Lappeenranta University of Technology
671
5.8
35
3.0
316
4.3
438
9.1
119
8.7
869
6.7
287,855
4.8
Tampere University of Technology
349
3.0
16
1.4
133
1.8
47
1.0
12
0.9
204
1.6
124,507
2.1
Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration
216
1.9
4
0.3
96
1.3
15
0.3
12
0.9
91
0.7
54,322
0.9
Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration
184 13.4
177
1.5
9
0.8
90
1.2
39
0.8
2
0.1
124
1.0
57,533
1.0
Turku School of Economics and Business Administration
24
0.2
0
0
44
0.6
0
0
0
0
27
0.2
17,246
0.3
Academy of Fine Arts
123
1.1
3
0.3
239
3.2
6
0.1
8
0.6
125
1.0
112,368
1.9
Sibelius Academy
54
0.5
0
0
32
0.4
0
0
5
0.4
104
0.8
70,599
1.2
Theatre Academy
145
1.3
2
0.2
127
1.7
0
0
0
0
25
0.2
133,198
2.2
University of Art and Design Helsinki
1,156 100
7,388
100
4,825
100
1,369 100
12,918
100
11,515 100
6,048,058 100
CONTINUING EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES AND OPEN UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTION 1992-2000 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
Continuing education, number of courses
2,401
3,339
4,267
5,209
5,196
- short courses ( 5 days or less)
1,412
1,502
1,977
2,597
2,690
- other courses
816
1,837
2,290
2,612
1,942
- special studies*
564
Students
70,957
96,024
108,951
133,622
121,189
Course days (1 day = 6 classroom hours)
26,705
50,809
59,318
66,791
55,292
Open university instruction, Students
49,918
67,971
74,934
77,477
80,002
*From 1999 onwards Source: KOTA
21
FIELDS OF STUDY IN 2000 New students
All students
% Theology Humanities
278
Degrees, total
%
1.4
2,471
1.6
2,991 15.0
Bachelor´s degrees
% 189
Master´s degrees
%
1.1
13
0.5
2,424 14.4
Licentiate´s degrees
% 136
Doctor´s degrees
%
1.2
17
%
2.3
23
2.0
97 13.0
112
9.7
26,162
16.6
604
24.0
Art and design
243
1.2
2,366
1.5
332
2.0
113
4.5
200
1.7
0
0
3
0.3
Music
145
0.7
1,427
0.9
158
0.9
25
1.0
123
1.1
7
0.9
3
0.3
Theatre and dance
56
0.3
366
0.2
55
0.3
1
0
54
0.5
0
0
0
0
2,071 10.4
2,296 13.7
75 10.0
60
5.2
5
0.4
Educational sciences
13,830
8.8
0.4
666
0.4
111
1,889
9.5
15,803
10.1
202
1.0
1,852
1.2
Health sciences
337
1.7
2,614
Law
545
2.7
4,613
Economics
2,126 10.7
15,400
9.8
Natural sciences
3,278 16.5
22,965
14.6
Sport sciences
82
Social sciences Psychology
Agriculture and forestry Engineering
409
1,611 14.0
497
19.8
0.7
17
0.7
84
1,587
9.5
298
11.8
1,119
9.7
83 11.1
87
7.5
215
1.3
5
0.2
176
1.5
18
2.4
16
1.4
1.7
378
2.3
11
0.4
319
2.8
17
2.3
31
2.7
2.9
583
3.5
63
2.5
477
4.1
35
4.7
8
0.7
1,591
9.5
112
4.5
1,376 11.9
47
6.3
56
4.8
2,218 13.2
454
18.0
1,345 11.7
2.1
3,423
2.2
4,239 21.3
32,916
20.9
2.1
14
0.6
2,506 14.9
350
0
0
1,451 12.6
277
0.7
5
0.7
176 23.5
2.4
9
2,189 19.0
1.2
50
156 20.9
4.3
485
2.4
7,542
4.8
1,201
7.2
0
0
352
3.1
0
0
82
0.4
492
0.3
104
0.6
0
0
61
0.5
0
0
16
1.4
Veterinary medicine
54
0.3
474
0.3
57
0.3
0
0
44
0.4
0
0
6
0.5
Pharmacy
377
1.9
1,597
1.0
379
2.3
261
10.4
97
0.8
6
0.8
15
1.3
Fine arts
30
0.2
216
0.1
52
0.3
28
1.1
24
0.2
0
0
0
0
19,919 100
157,195
100
16,786 100
2,516
100
261 22.6
748 100
1,156 100
*specialist degrees in medicine, dentistry or veterinary medicine, separate studies in educational sciences. Source: KOTA
STATE-FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING BY RECEIVING ORGANIZATION 1992-2000, AT CURRENT PRICES, FIM MILLION Universities
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
%
1,335.4
1,268.1
1,277.9
1,456.6
1,537.3
1,816.4
1,864.0
1,922.0
2,059.7
26.7
University hospitals
0
0
0
0
0
360.0
360.0
360.0
353.2
4.6
Academy of Finland
449.7
448.8
490.7
458.7
501.8
823.8
849.7
924.8
914.4
11.8
Technology Development Center
1,039.9
1,346.5
1,410.0
1,564.0
1,464.0
1,944.3
2,228.8
2,442.7
2,345.5
30.4
State owned research institutes
1,294.4
1,221.4
1,181.8
1,183.1
1,166.2
1,166.7
1,214.9
1,237.0
1,283.0
16.6
Other public funding
873.8
954.7
914.1
869.5
912.3
928.2
912.7
695.5
771.0
10.0
TOTAL
4,993.2
5,239.5
5,274.5
5,531.9
5,581.6
7,039.4
7,430.1
7,582.0
7,726.8
100
Funding for the Academy of Finland includes grant authorizations and appropriations from 1997 and Tekes funding from 1993 Source: Academy of Finland
22
21
161 13.9
Dentistry
11,515 100
1
243 21.0
Medicine
TOTAL
d
58
2
85
s s
Licentiate´s degrees
%
%
Doctor´s degrees
ACADEMY OF FINLAND FUNDING DECISIONS BY UNIVERSITY IN 2000*, FIM MILLION
Other* degrees
%
%
2
17
2.3
23
2.0
0
0
Theology
0
97 13.0
112
9.7
0
0
Humanities
7
0
0
3
0.3
16
1.9
1
7
0.9
3
0.3
0
0
Music
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Theatre and dance
75 10.0
6
% 37.4
University of Joensuu
29.3
3.9
University of Jyväskylä
40.2
5.3 4.9
Art and design
University of Kuopio
37.2
University of Lapland
5.8
0.8
University of Oulu
64.2
8.5
60
5.2
University of Tampere
51.6
6.8
5
0.4
0
0
Sport sciences
University of Turku
98.6
13.1
7
83 11.1
87
7.5
0
0
Social sciences
University of Vaasa
0.1
0
5
18
2.4
16
1.4
0
0
Psychology
Åbo Akademi University
24.5
3.2
8
17
2.3
31
2.7
0
0
Health sciences
9.2
1
35
4.7
8
0.7
0
0
Law
9
47
6.3
56
4.8
0
0
Economics
243 21.0
0
0
Natural sciences
4.3
0
0
Agriculture and forestry
161 13.9
0
0
Engineering
7
4
0
5
176 23.5 9
1.2
156 20.9
50
1
0
0
5
0
0
16
1.4
27
3.2
Dentistry
4
0
0
6
0.5
7
0.8
Veterinary medicine
8
6
0.8
15
1.3
0
0
Pharmacy
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fine arts
2
0
748 100
261 22.6
1,156 100
588 69.1
Educational sciences
Mmk 282.0
0.7
7
213 25.0
University University of Helsinki
Medicine
Helsinki University of Technology
69.1
Lappeenranta University of Technology
7.7
1.0
Tampere University of Technology
31.0
4.1
Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration
5.5
0.7
Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration
4.2
0.6
Turku School of Economics and Business Administration
0.1
0
Sibelius Academy
1.9
0.3
University of Art and Design Helsinki
1.3
0.2
YHTEENSÄ
754.4
100.0
851 100
*Including estimates of the costs associated with research posts Source: Academy of Finland
UNIVERSITY PERSONNEL WORKING ABROAD AND VISITS BY FOREIGN RESEARCHERS AND TEACHERS TO UNIVERSITIES IN FINLAND 1992-2000 (WORKING OVER ONE MONTH) Researchers/ teachers abroad, number of persons
Length of stay (mean), months/person
Foreign researchers/ teachers, number of persons
Length of stay (mean), months/person
1992
875
5.0
1,057
4.3
1993
963
4.9
1,152
4.5
1994
958
5.1
1,309
4.7
1995
986
5.0
1,357
5.0
1996
992
4.6
1,065
4.4
1997
939
4.1
1,201
4.2
1998
912
4.1
1,108
4.6
1999
825
4.3
1,170
4.6
2000
743
4.6
1,154
5.3
Source: KOTA
23
TEACHING STAFF 1992-2000* TOTAL
Professors
Senior assistants
Assistants
Lecturers
Full-time untenured teachers
Calculated hours of teaching
1992
7,828
1,924
629
1,808
1,854
523
1,090
1993
7,814
1,959
615
1,805
1,897
466
1,072
1994
7,722
1,980
614
1,805
1,853
401
1,069
1995
7,550
2,023
623
1,772
1,909
341
882
1996
7,737
2,070
657
1,750
1,953
348
958
1997
7,706
2,126
686
1,721
1,947
330
896
1998
7,290
2,011
649
1,530
1,891
312
897
1999
7,270
2,048
672
1,489
1,870
298
893
2000
7,388
2,111
689
1,472
1,921
278
917
*1998 onwards: number of person-workyears, before 1998: number of posts and positions Source: KOTA
PROPORTION OF WOMEN (%) OF TEACHING STAFF 1992-2000 Professors
Senior assistants
Assistants
Lecturers
Full-time untenured teachers
1992
14.6
29.1
36.4
46.3
62.0
1993
15.6
28.1
39.2
46.2
57.3
1994
15.0
29.6
37.8
44.4
67.6
1995
15.9
27.9
40.9
47.9
65.1
1996
16.4
28.6
38.3
48.8
57.2
1997
17.7
30.0
39.2
54.9
66.7
1998
18.4
30.0
42.7
51.0
59.6
1999
17.9
33.4
45.4
53.9
59.7
2000
20.1
36.9
52.3
58.2
80.9
Source: KOTA
OTHER PERSONNEL 1992-2000* TOTAL
Budgeted Academy of Other posts Finland sources
1992
13,770
8,134
929
4,707
1993
14,650
8,101
1,020
5,529
1994
14,675
7,805
1,173
5,697
1995
15,791
8,315
1,266
6,210
1996
17,284
8,730
1,393
7,161
1997
17,514
9,040
1,296
7,178
1998
19,043
9,852
1,709
7,482
1999
19,800
10,167
1,896
7,737
2000
18,970
9,698
2,043
7,229
*Budgeted number of full-time equivalents (fte) including posts and appointments up to 1993. The budgeted number of full-time equivalents (fte) in 1995-2000 includes vacancies at graduate schools. Source: KOTA
24
PERSONS WITH A UNIVERSITY-LEVEL DEGREE IN 1999 (ADVANCE DATA) Whole population
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployed as % of labour force
Bachelor’s degree
103,203
67,012
63,129
3,883
5.8
Master’s degree
216,550
181,072
173,840
7,232
4.0
Licentiate’s degree
9,888
7,626
7,363
263
3.4
Doctor’s degree
13,543
11,264
11,073
191
1.7
Source: Statistics Finland, advance data for 1999
MAIN ACTIVITY OF HOLDERS OF A MASTER’S DEGREE FOLLOWING GRADUATION MAIN ACTIVITY ONE YEAR AFTER GRADUATION (%) Year of graduation
Master’s degree
1991 1992
Students
Other
Unemployed two years Unemployed after graduation (%)
Employees
Entrepreneurs
8,411
75.5
2.0
8.3
6.1
8.1
9.4
8,714
70.3
2.0
8.6
7.3
11.8
8.0
1993
9,427
72.2
2.1
9.4
6.4
9.9
13.8
1994
9,616
61.1
1.6
19.2
3.6
14.6
5.3
1995
9,784
77.6
1.5
7.5
7.2
6.2
4.5
1996
10,227
81.8
1.3
7.7
3.8
5.3
3.5
1997
10,661
83.2
1.7
6.0
4.9
4.2
3.5
1998
11,306
83.3
1.1
5.1
5.1
3.7
...
Source: KOTA
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) AMONG HOLDERS OF A MASTER’S DEGREE OR POSTGRADUATE DEGREE 1989-1999* (POPULATION AGED 20-64)
*)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Master’s degree
0.9
0.9
2.0
3.7
5.1
4.9
4.3
5.4
4.5
4.0
1999*) 4.0
Men
0.8
0.9
2.1
3.6
4.8
4.4
4.0
4.9
4.0
3.6
3.6
Women
1.0
0.9
2.0
3.8
5.5
5.4
4.7
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.4
Postgraduate or comparable degree
0.6
0.5
0.8
1.4
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.7
3.0
2.5
2.4
Men
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.1
Women
(1.0)
(0.6)
(1.0)
1.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.1
Preliminary figures, ( ) = less than 30 unemployed persons
Source: Statistics Finland
25
Contact information University of Helsinki P.O. Box 33, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki tel. +358 9 1911 (exchange), fax +358 9 1912 3008 http://www.helsinki.fi
Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration P.O. Box 1210, FIN-00101 Helsinki tel. +358 9 431 31 (exchange), fax +358 9 4313 8707 http://www.hkkk.fi
University of Joensuu P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu tel. +358 13 251 111 (exchange), fax +358 13 251 2050 http://www.joensuu.fi
Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration P.O. Box 479, FIN-00101 Helsingfors tel. +358 9 431 331 (exchange), fax +358 9 4313 3404 http://www.shh.fi
University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä tel. +358 14 2601 211 (exchange), fax +358 14 2601 021 http://www.jyu.fi
Turku School of Economics and Business Administration Rehtorinpellonkatu 3, FIN-20500 Turku tel. +358 2 338 311 (exchange), fax +358 2 338 3299 http://www.tukkk.fi
University of Kuopio P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio tel. +358 17 162 211 (exchange), fax +358 17 162 131 http://www.uku.fi
Academy of Fine Arts Yrjönkatu 18, FIN-00120 Helsinki tel. +358 9 680 3320 (exchange), fax +358 9 6803 3260 http://www.kuva.fi
University of Lapland P.O. Box 122, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi tel. +358 16 341 341 (exchange), fax +358 16 341 2207 http://www.urova.fi
Sibelius Academy P.O. Box 86, FIN-00251 Helsinki tel. +358 9 405 441 (exchange), fax +358 9 405 4600 http://www.siba.fi
University of Oulu P.O. Box 8000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu tel. +358 8 553 1011 (exchange), fax +358 8 554 4551 http://www.oulu.fi
Theatre Academy P.O. Box 163, FIN-00531 Helsinki tel. +358 9 431 361 (exchange), fax +358 9 4313 6200 http://www.teak.fi
University of Tampere Kalevantie 4, FIN-33014 University of Tampere tel. +358 3 215 6111 (exchange), fax +358 3 213 4473 http://www.uta.fi
University of Art and Design Helsinki Hämeentie 135 C, FIN-00560 Helsinki tel. +358 9 756 31 (exchange), fax +358 9 7563 0223 http://www.uiah.fi
University of Turku FIN-20014 University of Turku tel. +358 2 333 51 (exchange), fax +358 2 333 6363 http://www.utu.fi University of Vaasa P.O. Box 700, FIN-65101 Vaasa tel. +358 6 324 8111 (exchange), fax +358 6 324 8208 http://www.uwasa.fi
Ministry of Education Meritullinkatu 10, Helsinki, P.O. Box 29 FIN-00023 Government, Finland tel. +358 9 1341 71 (exchange), fax +358 9 135 9335 http://www.minedu.fi
Åbo Akademi University Domkyrkotorget 3, FIN-20500 Åbo tel. +358 2 215 31 (exchange), fax +358 2 251 7553 http://www.abo.fi
Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council P.O. Box 20, FIN-00501 Helsinki tel. +358 9 7748 8411, fax +358 9 7748 8414 http://www.minedu.fi
Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02015 TKK tel. +358 9 4511 (exchange), fax +358 9 451 2063 http://www.hut.fi
Arts Council of Finland Maneesikatu 7, FIN-00170 Helsinki tel. +358 9 1341 71, fax +358 9 1341 7069 http://www.minedu.fi/artcoun
Lappeenranta University of Technology P.O. Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta tel. +358 5 621 11 (exchange), fax +358 5 621 2350 http://www.lut.fi
Academy of Finland Vilhonvuorenkatu 6, FIN-00500 Helsinki tel. +358 9 774 881, fax +358 9 7748 8299 http://www.aka.fi
Tampere University of Technology P.O. Box 527, FIN-33101 Tampere tel. +358 3 365 2111 (exchange), fax +358 3 365 2170 http://www.tut.fi
Centre for International Mobility CIMO P.O. Box 343, FIN-00531 Helsinki tel. +358 9 7747 7033, fax +358 9 7747 7064 http://www.cimo.fi
27
FINNISH 2000 UNIVERSITIES MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
