A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Commercialization Cluster of Organic and Large Area Electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Programme 9.00 9.15 10.30 10.45 11.00 12.00 13.15 14.45 15.00 16.30
Registration “Introduciton to smart textiles” (Carla Hertleer, UGent,B) “TriTex e-learning course” (Cédric Cochrane, ENSAIT, F) Coffee Break “Stretchable electronics for smart textiles” (Jan Vanfleteren, CMST, Imec,B) Sandwich lunch “Conjugated polymers: Versatile conductorsd and semi-conductors for electronic applications” (Dirk Vanderzande, Uhasselt, Imec, B) Coffee break Discussion round Closing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Why smart textiles?
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A wearable smart textile system comprises • Sensors • Actuators • Data processing unit • Communication system • Energy supply • Interconnections
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart textiles
Embedded electronics Wearable electronics
Interactive clothing
Intelligent textiles
e-textiles
SFIT Smart Fabrics Interactive Textiles
Smart suit
Wearable textile systems Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A combination of materials and processes Materials
Processes
Conductive
Spinning
Optical
Weaving
Chromic
Knitting
Shape memory
Embroidery
Piezo
Laminating
Phase change
Others
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Functional materials
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart use of passive materials
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conductive materials • carbon, metal, polymers • conductive, semiconductive, dielectric properties
Kevlar coated with
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
polypyrrol
copper
gold
Deposition of polypyrrole
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Electroless deposition of copper
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Deposition of gold: exchange with copper
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Adding conductive nanoparticles • Conductivity • Conductivity that changes with fibre expansion: • •
Deformation Swelling
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Obtaining elastic conductivity
Yarn level Fabric level: Knitting, special weaving Stretchable electronics Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart yarns: elastic, conductive (A. Schwarz)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Hollow spindle process
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Printing with conductive inks on textiles (I. Kazani) • • • • • •
Digital or screen Homogeneity Accuracy of paths Washing Deformation Adhesion
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conductive inks on textiles
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Decline due to washing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Connections
Antenna
Power supply Heating
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Incompatibility of materials 30 from experiment
(R-Ro)/Ro
25
from change in dimension
20 15 10 5 0 0
ε=0
0.2
0.4
PU with copper coating ε=6.0 % Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
0.6
strain
knitted fabric with stainless steel yarns
Sensors
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Body
Environment
Textile itself
biopotential
temperature
temperature
temperature
movements
wetness
respiration
biological
stretch
movements
chemical
wear
position
EM/ES fields
abrasion
sweat
water/moisture
odour
radiation
electrical
position
chemical
pressure
biological
sound
pressure acoustic skin properties
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Knitted electroconductive yarns as sensor
Textrodes Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Respibelt
Woven pressure sensor, capacity based
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Complex textile structures can add functionality
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Smart fabrics: knitting • Electrodes for electrostimulation • Connection electrodescontacts • Textile compatible contacts Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Contactless sensor EMG
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Electrode electrostimulation
Textrodes
Actuators
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Actuators Mechanical shape memory materials, pH- and thermo-responsive polymers, electro-active polymers Chemical micro/nano capsules, cyclodextrines, gel based systems Thermal phase change materials, electroconductive fibres, Peltier textiles Optical electrochromic materials, (in)organic LED (OLED) Acoustic piezo electric materials Electrical electrostimulation
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OLED
Textile structure Organic materials Image quality Yield still low Oxidation
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
TITV
Energy supply
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy classification Generation: ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣
Thermal: Seebeck textiles, Peltier elements, Kinetic: piezo electric fibres, Radiation: photovoltaic fibres, Magnetic, Chemical: batteries, Fuel cells.
Storage: electrochemical (flexible batteries), electrical (super capacitor fibres) Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A flexible battery
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Flexible photovaltaics in garments
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics: Dephotex Organic photovoltaics Nanostructures Dyestuffs Challenges: •Materials •Production •Stability •Concept Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Transparent layer/ Electrode N semiconductor
+-
++-
P semiconductor Electrode
Energy from motion: piezo electrics Deformation leads to E field Needs large surface, no thickness PVDF Challenges: •Materials •Concepts •Production (poling) Electrode Piezo electric layer Electrode
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Energy from heat: Seebeck effect Materials: •P semiconductor •N semiconductor •Conductive materials
Infineon demonstrator
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Areas of cooling
Areas of heating
Communication
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Communication Wired-wireless Short-long distance Visual-Auditive-Tactile
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
A selection of the prototypes for integration Into clothing
Into protective clothing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Data processing
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Electronics are required -
rigid PCBs flexible PCBs stretchable PCBs textile electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
MICAS van KULeuven
CSEM voor Proetex
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Fraunhofer, Berlin
Textile electronics through weaving (Sefar)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Fibre transistor (L. Rambausek)
Source
Semiconductor Insulator Gate
Drain
Conductive core: gate Insulating coating Semiconductor coating Electrode: source Electrode: drain
OFET: organic field effect transistor Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Fibre OFET production • Dip coating • thin layer • controlled crystallinity • homogeneous coating
• Vapour deposition • Controlled distance of electrodes
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OFET stability • Characteristics change • Pressure • Bending
Sensor
• Oxydation of semi conductor
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
OFET textile integration Weaving structure Right patterns Right contacts No falso contacts Stable contacts
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
100µm
Interconnections
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Embroidery
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Contacts (T. Linz)
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Standardisation of smart textiles TC 248 WG 31 definitions and framework of regulations Standards electronics: • no deformation, moisture, temperature • manipulation of materials (clamping, deformation, …) Textiles: no electronics
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics
Conclusions • Enormous possibilities • Choice of materials, concepts, structures, production technologies • Application oriented
Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics