DG DemoNetz Validierung Innovative Spannungsregelung von der Simulation zum Feldtest

EnInnov12 - 12. Symposium Energieinnovation, TU Graz 15-17.02.2012

Matthias Stifter, B. Bletterie, H. Brunner, D. Burnier, H. Sawsan, F. Andrén, R. Schwalbe, W. Tremmel , A. Abart, R. Nenning, F. Herb, and R. Pointner

DG DemoNet Keeping voltage limits by integration of distributed generation (DG)

DG DemoNet (1) Distributed control (level control) Control of tap changer according to voltage measurements from the grid (critical nodes) Information about the grid state is required ICT necessary

06.03.2012

3

DG DemoNet (2) Coordinated control (level + range control) Control of tap changer according to voltage measurements from the grid (critical nodes) Control of reactive power (Q) and as a last measurement reactive power (P) Impact of Q/P on the critical nodes (voltage sensitivity) are in a linearised model – the contribution matrix Local controller (in case of failure) Information about the grid state is required ICT necessary 06.03.2012

4

DG DemoNet – critical nodes Nodes which have the highest or lowest voltage within a year Determined by offline power flow calculation based on historical generation and load profiles Representation of the voltage situation in the grid during operation

Voltage drop diagram of node 835 at min_time 28.1.2005 | 19:30

Voltage drop diagram of node 83902 at max_time 8.5.2005 | 03:15

1.01

1.02

1

83902

Voltage (p.u.)

Voltage( p.u.)

1.01

1

0.99

0.98

0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95

0

5 Knoten

06.03.2012

10

15 Distance (km)

kritische Knoten

20

kritische Knoten

25

30 Wasserkraft

835 0

5 Knoten

10

15 20 Distance (km) kritische Knoten kritische Knoten

25

30 Wasserkraft

5

DG DemoNet – contribution matrix Linearised model of the network With the matrices

CN DG

 a P |1,1  aP  P |2,1  M   a P|n ,1

∂U ∂P

CN

a P |1,2

L

a P |2,2 M

L O

a P|n ,2

L

a P|1, m  a P|2, m  M   a P|n , m 

for active power

06.03.2012

DG

 aQ|1,1  aP  Q|2,1  M   aQ|n ,1

and

∂U ∂Q aQ|1,2 L aQ|1, m  aQ|2,2 L aQ|2, m  M O M   aQ|n ,2 L aQ|n , m 

reactive power

6

DG DemoNet – controller concept The following indicators are used: over voltage voltage band lower voltage range: distance between highest and lowest voltage measurement

Two separate controllers: level control: tap changer position at the substation range control: control of Q(P) at the distributed generator (if the range is greater than the voltage band) 06.03.2012

7

DG DemoNet – controller design

Level Control

Range Control

06.03.2012

8

DG DemoNet – level control Level control (centered) U set =U UL − Rng = u

EVB − Rng

max

2 −u

− (u

max

−u

curr

)

(1) ( 2)

min

Effective Voltageband ∆ ∆

∆

0,011 0,7

1,060 1,050 1,040 1,030

Voltage (p.u.)

modes of operation centered upper limit lower limit tap only if necessary

1,020

ucurr

1,010

umax

1,000

umin

0,990

UUL

0,980 ULL

0,970 0,960

UDB-up

0,950

Uset

0,940

UDB-low

0,930 0,920 0,910 06.03.2012

Cases (before / after "Level control" action)

9

DG DemoNet – range control Range control n 2 min ∑ (Qi + ∆Qi ) ∆Q i=1 Qi + ∆Qi ≤ Pi tan(arccos( PFmin )) Qi + ∆Qi ≤

2 2 S n − Pi

max(U i + AQ∆Qi ) − min(U i + AQ∆Qi ) ≤ EVB EVB = VB − ∆U

DB

− ∆U

reserve

(3) ( 4) (5) (6) (7)

standalone (without level control) keep within fixed voltage band fixed critical node limit voltage rise relative to reference node

06.03.2012

10

DG DemoNet implementation (CVCU) System architecture

CVCU system architecture

06.03.2012

12

Optimisation Minimum of a nonlinear function under linear constraints Commercial optimisation library Matlab (Optimisation Toolbox) Intervallarithmetic (with University of Vienna) Open Source Optimisation library (Opt++) Development of an optimisation algorithm (constraints + minimum)

06.03.2012

13

Optimisation algorithm: principle Minimum of a nonlinear function under linear constraints (Q-control) or nonlinear constraint (PQ-control) convex problem • Constraints define convex polyeder, where the valid minimum can be found • Minimum is always definite Solution by declining gradients Two steps to solve two different problems 1. Find the valid area 2. Optimum without leaving the area

06.03.2012

14

Requirement on topology information

03312-010

03336-040

03355

03336-030

04100-200

03600-070

04100-210

03314-010

03302-160

03600-010

0.62MW 03633-010

03314-020

03302-170

03302-180

03347-020

03337

03312-040

03314-030 03314-040

03314-050

03312-020

04200-080

03312-010

03381

04200-060

04100-140

04100-150 04231

04100-130

04100-160

04100-120

04200-070

DEA_0234-KW

04200-040

04200-050

Internal switching

04230-020

04200-020

04230-010

04200-030

normal operation

04230-020

04200-020

04100-110

04134

04100-100

04200-050

04230-010

04200-040

04200-100

04200-090 04139

04136

04100-150

04200-030

04002-040

04002-050

04002-060

04002-070

04002-080

04002-090

04530

04002-100

04002-110

04002-120

04002-130

04002-140

04002-150

04002-160 04002-170

04300-010

04002-030

0411 Predlitzort

04300-020

04002-020

04044

04002-010

04046

04200-010

04001-120

04034

04001-110

04040-010

04001-100

A_ DE

04001-090

04041

04001-080

04035-020

04033-020

04001-070

-KW

04002-160 04002-170

10 04

04002-150

04500-010

04002-140

04037

04002-130

04043

04002-120

04035-010

04002-110

04500-020

04034

_0 D EA

41

W 0-K

04500-020

06.03.2012

04002-100

04033-010

04002-090

04032

04002-080

04300-010

04002-070

PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER

0411 Predlitzort

04300-020

04002-060

04530

04046

04002-050

04044

04002-040

04040-010

04002-030

04041

04002-020

04500-010

04002-010

04037

04200-010

04001-120

04043

04001-110

04035-010

04001-100

04035-020

04033-020

04001-090

04033-010

04032

04001-080

03302-200

0208 Tamsweg

PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER

04001-070

03302-190

03352

03302-150

03339

03302-145

03330

03302-140

03342

03302-130

03347-010

03338

03302-120

03312-060

03313

03600-020

DE A_ 02 35 -K W

03345-020

03600-060

K

22-

_02

04100-190

03600-030

03312-050

03600-040

03633-020

03600-050

03302-110

~ G

0.62MW

W

04160-050

0.49MW 04100-180

03302-100 0821-KKW

0821-Trafo

03345-030

03630

DEA_0270-KW

DEA_0247-KW

DEA_0219-KW

03302-090

03312-030

03302-080

DEA_0216-KW

03383

03336-020 03336-010

03302-070

DEA_0209-KW

03381

04200-060

04100-140

04231

04100-130

04200-070

04100-160

04134

04100-120

03302-060

0.9MW

04100-170

03312-020

04200-080

DEA_0234-KW

04136

04100-110

03302-050

0.346MW

03314-050

03354

03336-050

04160-020

03349

5 0337

04160-010

03302-040

03610-030

04132-020

03302-030

03610-010 03610-020

04137

04132-010

03312-040

04200-100

04100-170

04200-090 04139

04100-100

03302-020

34

03364-020

03302-010

0.384MW

0.54MW

036

03364-010

0208 Tamsweg

03301-180

03344

03301-170

03335

03301-160

04110-020 04110-010(1)

03301-150

03376

03301-140

03350

03353

03301-130

03366-020

DEA_0830-KW

03345-010

03362-050

03334-020 03334-010

03301-120

04110-030

03332-010

03301-110

03351

03301-111

03301-100

03301-112

03302-230

03311-010

03302-220

03311-020

03302-210

03309

03352

03339

03302-200

03370

03366-010

04133

03314-030 03314-040

03302-190

-KW 0820 A_ DE

0820 Graggaber 0.7MW

D EA

03633-010

03302-180

03368

03385

03334-050

0.62MW

03330

03342

03340-010

03600-010

03314-020

03337

03312-060

03600-020

03302-170 03347-010

03302-160

03347-020

03383

03338

03302-150

03378

03334-040

03 37 9

03314-010

03302-145

03362-040

4160-020

04100-210

03302-140

03362-030

04110-010

03600-070

D E A_

04100-200

03302-130

03362-020

04133

04100-190

03600-030

03312-050

03345-020

W 2-K

022

0.49MW 04100-180

03302-120

03362-010

03312-030

03600-040

03600-060

04160-050

4160-020

0.62MW 03600-050

03302-110

~ G

03345-030

03630

DEA_0270-KW

03302-100 0821-KKW

0821-Trafo

03633-020

03344

DEA_0219-KW

03302-090

03334-030

03336-030 03336-020

03302-080

DEA_0216-KW

0.346MW

04110-010

03302-070

DEA_0209-KW

03313

04160-020

03302-060

0.9MW

DE A_ 02 35 -K W

04160-010

03302-050

03336-010

5 0337

04132-020

03302-040

03610-030

04137

04132-010

03302-030

03349

03302-020

4

03364-020

03302-010

0.384MW

03340-020

0.54MW

03 63

03364-010

03301-180

03335

03301-170

04110-020 04110-010(1)

03301-160

04110-030

03301-150

03376

03301-140

03350

03301-130

03353

03334-010

03301-111

03301-112

03301-120

03309

03301-110

03351

03366-020

DEA_0830-KW

DEA_0247-KW

03370

03366-010

03336-040

-KW 0820 A_

0820 Graggaber 0.7MW

03355

DE

03354

03336-050

03368

03610-010 03610-020

03362-050

03362-040

03385

03378

03362-030

03345-010

03 37 9

03362-020

03334-020

03340-010 03311-010 03311-020

03332-010

03334-030

03340-020

03301-100

03362-010

03334-040

03334-050

Information about Critical Node (CN) / Distributed Generation (DG) connection status feeder assignment (DG CN) intra-feeder changes

15

03302-210

03302-220

03302-230

Simulation Real time behaviour and offline simulation

Simulation and testing 54301-030 54301-040

03354

03355

03312-010

03381

04200-060

204

04231

04100-13004100-14004100-150

04200-020

CN_andere Schaltzustände Regelnden Anlagen

04046

04062 04061

Ko ns tant e_ La st_ BF1 b

04044

04040-010

04034

W

04531

04310 DEA_0840-KW

0840 Kendlbruck 2.39MW

Achtung! Profil 0447 für 0447-LAST & 0427-LAST verwenden

0443

04320

DEA_0443-KW

CN_Normal

04530

04300-050 04300-040 04300-030 04300-020 04300-010

04036-070 04036-080 04036-065

BF 1b konstante Last

04002-01004002-02004002-03004002-04004002-05004002-06004002-07004002-08004002-09004002-10004002-11004002-12004002-13004002-14004002-15004002-16004002-170

10-K 04 A_ DE

04047

04063

04041

04200-010

04001-120

04037

04001-110

PREDLITZ-LÄNGSREGLER

04043

04001-100

04035-010 04035-020

04001-090

04033-010 04033-020

04032

04001-080

0411 Predlitzort

04300-070 04300-060

04100-030

04200-04004200-050 04230-020 04230-010

04200-030

04300-080

04030-030

04001-070

03352

03312-020

223 DEA_0234-KW

04300-100 04300-090

04030-040

04001-060

03339

03312-050

03312-030

03312-040

04040-020

04030-050

04001-03004001-04004001-050 04042

0166-Kupp

04001-020

03330

03342

03383

03338

03347-020 03347-010

03313

03633-020

03600-060

W 22 -K

A_ 02

04100-170

04100-120

03337

03345-010 03345-020 03345-030 03610-010 03610-020 03610-030

03312-060

03349

DEA_0247-KW

03344

DE

03633-010

03314-02003314-03003314-04003314-050

04200-100

03314-010

04100-160

04100-110

04134

04100-100 04136

04135-010 04135-020

0208 Tamsweg 0235 gelöscht

04200-090 04200-080 04200-070

04140

04131

04130 04138

04100-040 04100-05004100-06004100-07004100-08004100-090

208

04330 04300-110

Achtung! Hälfte des Profils von 0108 in 0813 verwenden und die andere Hälfte in 0108

04100-210

04133

04100-200

03600-070 03 63 4

04110-010 4160-020

0.49MW

04500-050 04500-040 04500-030 04500-02004500-010

04036-060

03335

03350

03301-010

03200-090

03200-080

03100-080

004038-030 04038-040

0402904030-060

0.346MW

04100-180 04100-190

0821-Trafo

0.62MW

03630 03600-05003600-04003600-03003600-02003600-010

DEA_0270-KW

04031-03004031-020 04031-010

DEA_0113-KW

04001-010

04030-010

8- 02

DEA_0219-KW

03302-11003302-12003302-13003302-14003302-14503302-15003302-16003302-17003302-18003302-19003302-20003302-21003302-22003302-230

~ G

247

DEA_0209-KW 04137

04132-01004132-020

04139

03000-030

04030-020

04 03

04036-09004036-100

04038-010

04036-050

03100-030

0156-HILFTR

0.384MW

04160-01004160-020

04100-020

04045

02300-030

03134

213 03302-100 0821-KKW

03100-020

03000-020

02300-020

03100-040 03100-050 03100-060

03000-060

03133-030 03133-010

03001 03160-030

03111-040

03031

156

0132-SS-K.. 0132-SSB 03102

03111-030

0132

03100-010

03000-040 03000-050

03160-010 03160-020

03161

03136-01003136-020

03112-050

03130-030

03133-020

03138

03111-010

179

03111-020

03112-040 03112-030 03110-01003110-020

UW-LUN-NETZ30_O 03112-060

03110-05003110-06003110-07003130-01003130-020

5 0337 03336-010 03336-020 03336-030 03336-040 03336-050

DEA_0850-KW

03362-050 03362-060 03362-070 03362-080

03385

03378 03353

03364-020

03200-100

02100-030

0.54MW DEA_0830-KW

0216 gelöscht

04160-050

03364-010

04110-030 04110-02004110-010(1..

03351

03366-01003366-020

03301-12003301-13003301-14003301-15003301-16003301-17003301-18003302-01003302-02003302-03003302-04003302-05003302-06003302-07003302-08003302-090 03376

03311-020 03311-010

03374

03301-110

03370

03360

03332-04003332-03003332-02003332-010

03301-111 03301-112

03301-07003301-08003301-09003301-100

W 20-K A_08 DE

820

03309

03372

03340-010

03367-01003367-020

03384

03362-01003362-02003362-03003362-040 03368

03340-020

03369

F0327

03 37 9 03334-010 03334-020 03334-030 03334-040 03334-050 03334-060 03334-07003334-080 03334-090

03363-050_1 03363-050_203363-060

03331-020 03331-030 03331-040 03331-050 03331-06003331-070

03348-020

03363-030 03363-040 03301-020

03343-030 03346-020 03346-010

03261

03211-040

03000-080 03200-040

03000-090

02100-040

02002

03200-060

DEA_0306-KW

02001

02110-01002110-020

03361

03346-030

03000-070

02000-020

03200-020 03211-010 03232-010 03232-020

0602-UM1

02101-02002101-030 02101-040 02101-05002101-060

02102-050

02102-030

0602-UM2

0600-UM

03341-010 03341-020 03341-030

DEA_5538-KW

DEA_5540-KW

02140

02130-02002130-010 UW-LUN-110-SSKU UW-LUN-30.. 03101

G ~

04400-07004400-06004036-01004036-02004036-030 04036-040

KATSCHBGTU-LÄNGSREGLER

05110-030

KATSCHBGTU S

03365

03331-010

DEA_5566-KW SL_UW_LUN UM-LUN1

UM-LUN2

183/4-130

05100-130

05002-010

03110-040

03112-01003112-020

02300-010

06001-010

04400-010 04400-030

05100-090

05100-070(1..

0108-SS-KUPP-2 0108-SS-KUPP-1

05100-04005100-05005100-060

03200-070

03301-060

850 03373

03377

04420

05134

05100-030

0304

0304-SS1

03380

03363-02003363-010

0850 Zaunschirm 0.6MW

03100-070

03110-030

~ G

04410

05100-110(1..

05110-020

05100-020

05100-070

05132-030

05132-010

05132-020

05100-010

05130

05031

05002-050

05110-010

KW- HIM

05100-100

03310

0304-SSKU 03200-050

03200-010

04100-010

05100-080

05001-03005001-040 05001-050

0104

03200-M4

1

03211-030

03200-030

03000-010

DEA_KW-MUR

05001-015 05001-020

03211-020

03371

03301-04003301-050 03301-030

0313 Mauterndorf

DEA_0308-KW

UW-LUN-NETZ30_W

04400-020

05002-030 05002-020

13

05002-040

05030-010 05030-020

05001-010

KW- RTG

02101-010

02100-020

DEA_0114-KW

05033

05032-010

06001-020

05100-110 05100-120

06030-010 06030-020

06045

06031

06001-080 06001-090

06001-105 06001-100

06001-140

06001-07006001-06006001-05006001-04006001-030

06033

06037-010 06037-020

06035

06034

06001-250

06001-130

0310 Twengort

03343-020

03359-010

DEA_KW-HIM

UW-LUN-30-SS1

KW- ZED

DEA_KW-RTG

DEA_5535-KW

54301-110 54301-100 54301-090 54301-080 54301-070 54301-060 54301-050 54302-040 54302-030 54302-020 54302-010 54302-050

02100-010

SL_LUN_110

06001-110

03343-010

02000-03002000-04002000-05002000-060 02000-070 03000-110 03000-100

02

UW-LUN-110-SS2

06001-120 06036

06002-050 05032-020 05032-030

187

DEA_KW-ZED

54302-070 54302-080 54302-090

54531-010 54531-020 54311-080

54311-075 54311-070

54312 54311-050 54311-060

54311-020 54361-010 54361-020

54360-050

0602-10-SSB 0602-10-SSA

UW-LUN-30-SS2

135

0600-10-SS

UW-LUN-NETZ110

DEA_0814-KW

06002-040 06002-030 06002-020 06002-01006001-24006001-23006001-22006001-21006001-20006001-19006001-18006001-17006001-16006001-150

DEA_0600-KW

02101-070

54700

04400-050 04400-040

p up -K 21 183/4-100

DEA_0167-KW

0602

02000-010

01

46

Störkabel .. 54110-080

02102-02002102-015 02102-010

54360-04054362-010 54362-020 54362-030 54362-040

183/4-080

5493

54302-060

0600

0602-10-SSKU

183/4-070

54102-270 54102-280

183/4-120

01130-010

183/4-110

188 54110-070

06.03.2012

02102-08002102-07002102-060

UW-LUN-110-SS1

0 06

54110-060

54110-050

54110-010

54334

54102-290

5478 LS/TR Sch..

0812-SS-KUPPL

183/4-060

5478-SS1

54333

54360-010 54311-01054311-005

183/4-040 54110-02554110-020 Störkabel 5478-LS-Tauri ski.. 183/4-050

54144-010

54144-030 54110-030

54311-030

54360-03054360-020

DEA_5562-KW

52338-110

52336

0812-SSB

54311-16054311-150

54105

52338-120

54110-040

54365

54311-130 54311-120 54311-110 54311-140

54311-170 183/4-030

54136 54102-22054102-230 54102-260 54102-25554102-25054102-240

52338-06052338-05052338-04552338-04052338-030

54137

0812-SSA

54044

183/4-020

54131

54102-140 54102-130 54102-12054102-110 54102-100

54112

54102-210

54102-200

54311-090

534

10

52332

54063-030

54311-100

52335

52337

54063-020

54133

54139

54138

54132

54150

52338-070

54032-05054032-040 54061

54102-17054102-16054102-150

52338-020 52338-010 54102-190 54102-180

52300-040

54111-02054111-03054111-04054111-05054111-06054111-07054111-080

52338-10052338-09052338-080

54500-08054500-08554500-09054500-10054500-11054500-12054500-13054500-14054332-01054332-020 54032-030 54032-020

54063-010 54032-060

54500-010

54142-040 54102-04054102-030

5457-kupp 54111-090 54111-100 54111-11054111-120 54111-130 54111-140

52047 52362

52010-010

52300-10052300-09052300-080

52334

54500-070

8-0

52339

52333-010

54500-04054500-05054500-060

54143

54134-020 54134

52330-01052330-02052330-03052330-040

52300-06052300-050 54111-010 52300-070

52061

52333-03052333-020

52300-030

54500-030

34 03

52300-21052300-200 52300-190 52300-180 52300-17052300-160 52300-150 52300-140 52300-130 52300-125 52300-12052300-110 52010-040 52010-030

52010-020

54500-020

5458-LS 54111-150 54102-05054102-06054102-07054102-08054102-090

52043

52000-20052000-21052000-22052000-23052000-24052000-25052000-260 52033

52000-190

52046

52000-16052000-17052000-180

52045

52035 52042

52060

52034-01052034-020

52036

52300-020 52300-010

52032-010 52032-02052032-030

53230-09052032-04052032-04552032-05052032-060

54142-030 54142-020

52037-02052037-010

183/4-010

54102-010

54142-010

52000-270 52000-28052000-290 52000-300 52000-310 52000-320

Distribution network „Lungau“

17

Simulation and testing Application in planning and operation

R EAL PROC ESS MV N etwork

IEC 104 Telecontr ol interface

R eal Tim e Sim ulation

Power F actory SIM ULAT ION

06.03.2012

SICAM 230

COM

Process Interface via SC AD A

COM OPC

Offline Sim ulation

CVCU

OPC VOLT AGE CONT R OLLER

18

Offline simulation

RANGE - EVB (p.u.)

RANGE - EVB (p.u.)

Offline-Simulation: Simulation and analysis of functionality One year 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06

Q (kvar)

0

-500

-1000 JAN

06.03.2012

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

19

Realtime simulation Dynamic simulation controller cycles latency in communication generators and transformer (OLTC)

06.03.2012

20

Field tests Open loop and closed loop tests

Requirements on ICT Overview Vorarlberg

06.03.2012

22

Communication Großes Walsertal

Different communication media fibre cable PLC WiMax radio link 06.03.2012

23

Field test - DG Brunnenfeld / Substation Bürs

06.03.2012

24

Field test DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) Without range control

Voltage on 10kV side

Voltage on 0,4kV side

Reactive Power (Q) Active Power (P)

06.03.2012

25

Field test DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) With range control

Voltage on 10kV side

Voltage on 0,4kV side

Reactive Power (Q) Active Power (P)

06.03.2012

26

Experiences from the field tests dUTap: Voltage step of a tap is not linear: 1,667% at 110kV/30kV nominal Depending on primary voltage and the current tap position Lungau: Narrow voltage band. Range not controllable and higher than EVB Danger of „Hunting“: Adaption of the controller algorithm Different communication bandwidths and delays of measurements Event filtering and analysis of timestamps Tresholds to reduce communication bandwidth and keep the dynamic low Filtering of measurement samplings Deviations of setpoints and actual measurements – robustness

06.03.2012

27

Comparision of the tap steps

Salzburg

Vorarlberg

dUTap

Minimales UDeadband

dUTap

Minimales UDeadband

Nennwert Neutralstellung

1,667%

2,000%

1,062%

1,274%

-10 Taps von Neutralstellung

1,96%

2,35%

1,17%

1,40%

+10 Taps von Neutralstellung

1.43%

1,72%

0,96%

1.15%

06.03.2012

28

„Hunting effect“ (wrong dUTap)

Real dUTap is higher than estimated and voltageband is violated

06.03.2012

29

DIgSILENT

Control strategy: Effective voltage band (independent) 1,0300

1,0200

1,0100

1,0000

Range control tries to keep voltages within EVB with Q from the DG

0,9900

0,9800 2.045E+5

2.049E+5

2.053E+5

2.057E+5

[s]

2.061E+5

2.049E+5

2.053E+5

2.057E+5

[s]

2.061E+5

0,80

0,40

0,00

-0,40

-0,80

-1,20 2.045E+5

06.03.2012

30

DIgSILENT

Control strategy: Full voltage band (cooperative) 1,0300

1,0200

1,0100

1,0000

Range control only activates Q when voltage limits are to get violated

0,9900

0,9800 2.045E+5

2.048E+5

2.051E+5

2.054E+5

2.057E+5

[s]

2.060E+5

2.048E+5

2.051E+5

2.054E+5

2.057E+5

[s]

2.060E+5

1,00

0,50

0,00

-0,50

-1,00

-1,50

-2,00 2.045E+5

06.03.2012

31

„Hunting effect“ (wrong dUTap)

Real dUTap is higher than estimated and voltageband is violated

Range control activates DG to consume Q to keep voltages within limits

06.03.2012

32

Communication delay of measurements

06.03.2012

33

Filtering E.g.: 1min RMS CVCU_MEAS_20120208_12-10-00.csv/CVCU_MEAS_20120208_12-10-00 1,02

1,015

1,01

1,005

06.03.2012

08.02. 14:21

08.02. 14:20

08.02. 14:19

08.02. 14:18

08.02. 14:17

08.02. 14:16

1

34

Outlook Next steps

Outlook DG DemoNet Validation Open und closed loop operation in „Großes Walsertal“ and „Lungau“ experiences and long term tests Mastering different network states topology recognition Interaction with local controller Strategies to start and stop the controller Analyse influence of the HV grid Interoperability with other simulation and SCADA systems Communication based on IEC61850 Optimise overall losses (reactive power) Consider thermal constraints in addition to voltage constraints Dynamic assessment of voltage sensitivity / topology coupling with state estimator 06.03.2012

36

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology your ingenious partner Matthias Stifter Energy Department Electric Energy Systems AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Österreichisches Forschungs- und Prüfzentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H. Giefinggasse 2 | 1210 Vienna | Austria T +43(0) 50550-6673 | M +43(0) 664 81 57 944 | F +43(0) 50550-6613 [email protected] | http://www.ait.ac.at

Zusätzliche Folien Backup

„Range Control“: Beitragsmatrix-Konzept ∂U ∂P  a P |1,1  aP  P |2,1  M   a P |n ,1

∂U ∂Q

a P |1,2

L

a P |2,2 M

L O

a P |n ,2

L

a P |1, m  a P |2, m  M   a P |n , m 

 aQ|1,1  aP  Q|2,1  M   aQ|n ,1

aQ|1,2 L aQ|1, m  aQ|2,2 L aQ|2, m  M O M   aQ|n ,2 L aQ|n , m 

In der Beitragsmatrix wird in der CVCU hinterlegt wie groß die Auswirkung einer regelbaren Erzeugungsanlage auf die Spannungen an den einzelnen kritischen Knoten ist (Basis für die Verkleinerung der Spreizung) Entsprechend der Reihung in der Beitragsmatrix werden Blindleistungssollwerte an die Anlagen gesendet bis die Spreizung der Spannung der kritischen Knoten wieder innerhalb des zur Verfügung stehenden Spannungsbandes liegt bzw. so klein ist, dass eine Stufenschaltung (über den Level Controller) möglich ist 06.03.2012

39

„Range Control“: Berechnung der Blindleistungssollwerte für die zu regelnden Anlagen n _ DG

2 ( Q + ∆ Q ) Minimiere ∑ i i i

unter den Randbedingungen U CN 1   ∆U CN 1  U CN 1   aQ|1,1 U   ∆U  U  a Q|2 ,1 0.94 <  CN 2  +  CN 2  =  CN 2  +   M   M   M   M        U CNn   ∆U CNn  U CNn  aQ|n ,1

aQ|1, 2 aQ|2 , 2 M aQ|n , 2

L aQ|1,m   ∆Q1  L aQ|2, m   ∆Q2    < 1.03 O M  M    L aQ|n ,m   ∆Qm 

Qi + ∆Qi ≤ Pi tan(arccos( PF min))

Qi + ∆Qi ≤ Si2,max − Pi 2

06.03.2012

40

Topologieerkennung Ausgehend von einem Normalschaltzustand des Netzes müssen Änderungen der Topologie dem Regelalgorithmus mitgeteilt werden, damit die CVCU mit dem richtigen Netzmodell (Beitragsmatrix) arbeiten kann. Die Änderung des Einflusses eines regelbaren Kraftwerks auf die korrespondierenden kritischen Knoten (Messpunkt) kann zu falschen Berechnungen führen. Die Anforderungen für den zuverlässigen Betrieb der CVCU an die Fernwirktechnik werden in vier Stufen eingeteilt, wobei die Informationen für die ersten beiden Stufen unbedingt notwendig sind: 1. Kritischer Knoten (KK) oder regelbares Kraftwerk (rKW) am Netz. 2. Kritischer Knoten (KK) oder regelbares Kraftwerk (rKW) im Einflussbereich des Umspanners 3. Änderung der Zugehörigkeit zum Abzweig eines kritischen Knotens (KK) oder eines regelbaren Kraftwerks (rKW) 4. Dynamische Ermittlung der Beitragsmatrix nach Änderung der Topologie 06.03.2012

41

Field test - DG Brunnenfeld (Substation Bürs) Set points for reactive and active power [math.] 1.0000

V[V] 500.000

kV[kV] 50.000

kW[kW] 500.000

400.000

40.000

300.000

300.000

30.000

100.000

200.000

20.000

-100.000

100.000

10.000

-300.000

0.0000

15:05:37 15.09.2011

06.03.2012

15:19:17 15.09.2011

15:32:58 15.09.2011

15:46:38 15.09.2011

16:00:19 15.09.2011

42