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Q. Where can we find the Beautiful and Perfect Names of Allah? A. The Names of Allah can only be known through the revelation (Qur‟aan and authentic Sunnah). Shaykh Sa‟dee, rahimahullah mentions this in his book „The Explanation to the Beautiful and Perfect Names of Allah‟ and he continues: “This is because there is no way of the intellect independently coming to know of them. Allah the Exalted says ‘Do not pursue what you have no knowledge of, indeed the hearing, the sight and the hearts will all be questioned.’” [Al-Isra 17:36]
Q. Does this mean that Allah‟s Names are limited to 99? Explain and give proof for your answer. A. The following du‟aa is proof that Allah‟s Names are not limited to 99. Some Names have been revealed and some remain the knowledge of Allah alone. The Names that we know are more than 99 in number and we cannot count those that Allah has not revealed. The Prophet, sall‟Allahu alayhi wasalam taught us this Du‟aa for times of worry or grief: “O Allah, I am Your slave, son of Your slave, son of Your maidservant; my forelock is in Your hand, Your command over me is forever executed and Your decree over me is just. I ask You by every name belonging to You which You have named Yourself with, or revealed in Your Book, or You taught to any of Your creation, or You have preserved in the knowledge of the Unseen with You, that You make the Qur‟an the life of my heart and the light of my breast, and a departure for my sorrow and a release for my anxiety” [Ahmad 1/391, graded Sahih by Al-Albaani] Further Explanation
Q. What does it mean to count the Names of Allah? A. Explanation of the hadith „to count/memorise‟ the Names of Allah Question: Your Eminence, it was reported on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace be upon him) stated: Allah has ninety-nine Names, one hundred less one. Anyone who „ahsaha‟ will enter Jannah. Does the word „ahsaha‟ mentioned in the Hadith mean memorizing or just reading them? Please advise me, may Allah reward you with the best! Response: This Hadith was related in the Two Sahih (authentic) Books of Hadith (i.e. Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from the Prophet (peace be upon him). It was reported in two different wordings: first, “ahsaha” and second, anyone who memorizes them, will enter Jannah. The word „ahsaha‟ means to memorize by
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heart and to act according to them. Thus, whoever learns the Names of Allah by heart and acts accordingly will be admitted to Jannah. However, if one memorizes the Names of Allah by heart, but does not act or believe in them, they will be of no avail. The word „ahsaha‟ means to memorize and act upon them. Therefore, it is Wajib upon whoever memorizes Allah‟s Names to act accordingly…
Q. How can we live in a way that shows we understand and believe in the Names of Allah? Give some examples. A. Points of Benefit regarding the Names and Attributes of Allaah
Q. What are some of the benefits of understanding Allah‟s Names? A. Great Effects of knowing the names and attributes of Allaah upon the servant‟s life
Q. What are some important Arabic terms we need to understand in order to have a correct understanding of Allah‟s Names? A. At-Tahreef, Al-Ta‟teel, At-Takyeef, At-Tamtheel, At-Tashbeeh
Q. Write a definition and explanation for each of these terms. A. AT-TAHREEF In the Language – to change or alter. Technically here – to change the texts in wording or meaning. This is of 3 kinds. 1. Altering the words so the meaning changes: e.g. What some innovators do to the Saying of Allaah in (4):164 – changing the Dammah on the last letter of “Allaah” with a Fathah, in order to change the meaning to “Moosaa spoke to Allaah…” 2. Altering the words with no change of meaning: e.g. changing the Dammah on the last letter of “al Hamd” in (1):2, to a Fathah. This usually occurs out of ignorance.
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3. Altering the Meaning: taking the meaning of the words away from their most apparent meaning without any proof. e.g. Saying Allaah‟s Two Hands means “His Power” or “His Blessing”.
AT-TA‟TEEL In the Language – to discharge and to make empty. Technically here – to reject or deny all or some of that which is obligatory for Allaah regarding His Names and Attributes. This is of 2 types. 1. Complete Ta‟teel – like the Jahmeeyah who deny the Attributes and some of them deny the Names. 2. Partial Ta‟teel – like the Ash‟areeyah who deny some of the Attributes. The first of this Ummah to do this was Ja‟d ibn Dirham. AT-TAKYEEF To try to describe “how” an Attribute is. e.g. To say: How Allaah‟s Hand is, is like this and that, or How His Descending is, is like this and that. Takyeef differs to Tamtheel and Tashbeeh in two ways: 1. Takyeef is to Relate How Something is, with Restriction or Not by way of resembling. While Tamtheel and Tashbeeh indicate how something is in a restricted sense, by way of a likeness or resemblance respectively. - Takyeef is more general. - All who do Tamtheel, are doing Takyeef. But vice versa is NOT the case. 2. Takyeef is Particular to Allaah‟s Attributes, while Tamtheel is concerned with His Decree, Description and Self. AT-TAMTHEEL To affirm something is alike another in every way.
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AT-TASHBEEH To affirm a resemblance in most attributes. Note: The terms Tamtheel and Tashbeeh are sometimes interchangeable. Tashbeeh is of two kinds: 1. Tashbeeh of the creation with the Creator – to affirm for the creation that which is particular to the Creator (1) Tashbeeh concerning His Rights – e.g. to say that others have the right to be worshipped alongside Allaah. (2) Tashbeeh concerning His Lordship – e.g. to say that there are other creators alongside Allaah. (3) Tashbeeh concerning His Attributes – to give others His Attributes that are particular to Him – e.g. see quoted poetry. 2. Tashbeeh of the Creator with the creation – to affirm for Allaah, concerning His Self and Attributes which are particular to Him, the likes of attributes of the creation. e.g. to say that Allaah‟s Two Hands are like the creation‟s hands. The first of this Ummah to introduce this was Hishaam ibn al-Hakam ar-Raafidee. Source: The above definitions are taken from “Creed of Hamawiyyah”, Author: Shaikh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah
Q. List the Names and Attributes of Allah that relate to … A. For a list of Names and Attributes of Allah with explanation and related ayat please refer to [PDF] „Explanation to the Beautiful and Perfect Names of Allah‟ by Shaykh Abu Abdur-Rahman Nasir As-Sa‟dee, rahimahullah.
Q. Some people hang the Names of Allah in their houses, in their cars or even on their body as a form of protection. Explain why this is haraam. Give evidences for your answer.
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A. Fataawee on Respecting the Names of Allah (It) is not permitted to do that under any pretext, such as decoration, seeking blessing, using it as a means of reminding and admonition or for any other purposes the common and ignorant people think of. This is an act of Bid`ah (innovation in religion) that has no origin in the Qur‟an or Sunnah, and Allah does not make it an act of worship. Moreover, writing Qur‟an in that way entails insult to the Names and Attributes of Allah and not keeping them above inappropriate handling. Perhaps, this leads the person to Shirk (associating others with Allah in His Divinity or worship) when he uses it as an amulet that brings about good and wards off evil merely by writing it. Allah does not teach us his Names and Attributes to be written on sets, notices or cars. Had this been permissible, Allah‟s Messenger (peace be upon him) would have guided us to it. Rather, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) revealed His Names and Attributes to inform His slaves of Him so that they affirm them as He revealed in the Qur‟an or to His Messenger (peace be upon him) and believe in all perfection and majesty they convey. Muslims should also give Allah His due praise and supplicate to Him in easy and hard times by virtue of His Names and Attributes. Every Muslim must believe in these Names, realize them in their creed and work and keep them in letter and spirit. A Muslim should attribute them to Allah properly without Tahrif (distortion of the meaning), Ta`til (denial of Allah‟s Attributes), Tamthil (likening Allah‟s Attributes to those of His Creation), Takyif (questioning Allah‟s Attributes) or Tashbih (comparison), and guard their sanctity against abuse and inappropriate things. Allah (Exalted be He) says, And (all) the Most Beautiful Names belong to Allâh, so call on Him by them, and leave the company of those who belie or deny (or utter impious speech against) His Names. They will be requited for what they used to do. (Surah Al-A‟raf 7:180) May Allah grant us success! May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and Companions!
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Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta‟ Member
Member
Bakr Abu Zayd Al Al-Shaykh
Member
Salih Al-Fawzan
Deputy Chairman
Chairman
`Abdullah ibn Ghudayyan
`Abdul-`Aziz
`Abdul-`Aziz ibn `Abdullah ibn Baz
Further Evidences The Prophet, sall‟Allahu alayhi wasalam said: “Whoever does an action that does not agree with our affair (the deen), it is rejected from him.” [Sahih Muslim and Ahmad]
“Indeed, the best speech is Allah‟s Book and the best guidance is Muhammad‟s guidance. The worst affairs are the innovations, for every innovation is an act of misguidance leading to the Fire. [Sahih Muslim and others. The last statement is recorded by an-Nasa‟i]
ِض فَ ََل ََك ِش َف َ َُل إ هَّل ه َُو ۖ َوإن ُي ِرد َْك ِ َِب ْ رْي فَ ََل َرإ هد ُ َوإن ي َ ْم َس ْس َك ه إَّلل ب ُ ّر ِ ِ ُِ ِ ِا َ ْ ِ ِ ۚ يُ ِ ُي ِب ِ َ َ َ ُا ِ ْ ِ َ ِد ِ ۚ َوه َُو إاْ َ ُ ُور هإار “And if Allah touches you with harm, there is none who can remove it but He, and if He intends any good for you, there is none who can repel His Favour which He causes it to reach whomsoever of His slaves He wills. And He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.” [Yunus 10:107]
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