Counting Carbon: ICLEI’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tools

June 5th, 2008 Urban Environment and Climate Change Thematic Group The World Bank Missy Stults – Senior Program Officer

Presentation Overview Presentation Overview

● ICLEI Background & Methodology ● Overview of Protocols and Inventorying ● ICLEI’s Clean Air and Climate Protection Emissions Software ● Examples from around the World ● New Tools ● Questions

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Mission Our mission is to build, serve, and drive a movement of local governments to advance deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and achieve tangible improvements in local sustainability.

ICLEI - A Worldwide Movement of Local Governments 13 Offices 68 Countries 6 Continents (over 1000 members) • Climate Change Mitigation • Climate Adaptation / Resilience (Pilot) • Sustainability Performance • Water Campaign • Biodiversity Initiative (Pilot) • Procurement (Europe)

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ICLEI International Offices –

Africa – Cape Town, South Africa

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Asia Pacific – Tokyo, Japan

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Canada – Toronto, ON

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Europe – Freiburg, Germany

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Indonesia – Jakarta

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Korea - Seoul

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Latin America & Caribbean – Buenos Aires, Argentina & Sao Paulo, Brasil

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Mexico – Mexico City

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Oceania – Melbourne, Australia

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South Asia – New Delhi, India

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Southeast Asia - Manila, Philippines

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US – Oakland, CA

Over 1,000 participating jurisdictions around the world

How can local governments fight global climate change? Solid Waste

Energy Use

Transportation

Local government policies affect all major sources of greenhouse gas emissions

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Benefits of Local Climate Protection ● Improve air quality ● Reduce municipal operating costs ● Save money ● Reduce traffic congestion ● Create local jobs ● Protect public health ● Improve the quality of life ● Creates legacy of leadership

Where do you begin? From the article “Mayors Take the Lead” in Newsweek’s 2007 Earth Day issue:

“Embarking on an environmental program sounds like a great idea. But if you're a mayor trying to cut greenhouse gases, where do you begin? How do you even know how to measure your current levels? That's where an organization called ICLEI — Local Governments for Sustainability can help.”

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How do municipalities benefit from working with ICLEI? ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

National and international network of peers Emissions Analysis Software and Decision Support Tool Standard Methodology and Technical Assistance ICLEI Trainings and Events Technical, policy, and communications assistance Framework for approaching climate protection Tools and Resources (publications) State Networks (US)

The 5 Milestone Process Make Commitment Milestone 1 Inventory Emissions Milestone 2 Set Target/Goal Milestone 5 Monitor/Evaluate Progress

Milestone 3 Establish Local Action Plan

Milestone 4 Implement Local Action Plan

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Importance of Quantification The Importance of Quantification ¾ Document baseline performance ¾ Compare alternative scenarios ¾ Develop analytical evidence ¾ Illustrate opportunities ¾ Monitor and demonstrate progress toward emission reduction goals

You can’t effectively reduce what you don’t measure.

Milestone 1: Inventory Emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories and Protocols z

What is a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory? –

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What is a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Protocol? –

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An analysis (often summarized in a report) that details the greenhouse gas emissions associated with relevant operations.

A set of standards that dictate the types, quality, and sources of data needed to conduct a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. ICLEI is finalizing International Protocol – County/Regional Supplements coming soon. ***Measures Protocol***

What is an Emissions Inventory Calculator? –

A tool that helps translate energy usage information into relevant greenhouse gas emissions.

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Emissions Inventory Protocols & Calculators ● ● ● ● ● ●

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (WRI & WBCSD) (Corporate) The Climate Registry (State and Private Entities) ICLEI (Local Governments) The California Climate Action Registry (State and Local Governments) Clean Air – Cool Planet (Universities) Chicago Climate Exchange (Private)

ICLEI is working with organizations such as CCAR and TCR to ensure that our Protocols are in alignment – thereby allowing for consistency at all levels of inventorying.

ICLEI’s Emissions Calculator

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ICLEI’s Emissions Protocol „

Blah Geographic boundaries

Community-scale analysis ‰

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Government operations analysis ‰

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Scope 1 ‰

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Internal Emissions

Scope 2 ‰

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All Operations

External Emissions (electricity, steam, etc.)

Scope 3 Other indirect and embodied emissions over which the local government exerts significant control, or that occur as a result of activity within the geopolitical boundary of a community.

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Local Government Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Protocol Framework

Blah

Pleasantville

Scope 2

Scope 1

Scope 3

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Blat

The Government Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

Local Government Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Protocol Framework Direct/Scope 1 z z z

Fuel used in govt. buildings, equipment Govt. vehicle fleet Govt.-operated power generation, water, and wastewater services

blah

Indirect/Scope 2 z z z

Electricity use from govt. buildings, facilities Streetlights & traffic signals Purchased steam

Other/Scope 3 z z z

Waste from government operations Employee commute/business travel Contractor vehicle fleets

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Required Categories of Emissions Sources* ●

Facilities (buildings)

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Street Lights & Traffic Signals

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Pumps

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Vehicle Fleet

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Equipment

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Power Plants

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Landfills

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Water Delivery Facilities

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Wastewater Treatment Facilities

* De Minimis: one or more emission sources, for one or more gases which, when summed, represent less than 5% of total CO2e emissions. Can be excluded. * Pending completion of Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol

Optional Categories of Emissions Sources*

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Employee Business Travel

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Employee Commute

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Contractor Vehicle Fleets

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Government Waste Generation

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Upstream Production of Materials & Fuels

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Transportation of Materials and Fuels

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Other Emission Sources

* Pending completion of Local Government GHG Protocol

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Blah

The Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

Categories of Data – 5 Sectors

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Residential

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Commercial

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Industrial

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Transportation

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Waste

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Data Sources

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Utilities Regional Planning Agencies Regional Waste Agencies State and National Studies Household Surveys Census Data

$$$

- Varies widely. - 3 – 12 months

Case Studies From Around the World

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Cities for Climate Protection: India Objective: To encourage the spread of innovative and cost effective strategies for urban environment and energy management that also mitigate city level GHG emissions. ¾ Launched in October 2001 and extended in 2004 ¾ Growth from 7 to 16 cities.

Phase I: Inventory and Action Plan Development. Demand for phase II high, cities willing to commit resources - Implementation ¾ CCP Campaign in 17 cities from 13 states ¾ Total Population: > 20 Million ¾ Eight cities with ¾ Energy budget of

> 1 Million population US $ 57 Million

CCP India 16 Cities

4 Years

1Vision

bl a h

CCP India Cities

CCP India Carbon Emission Inventory

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CCP India: Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions City Guntur

eCO2 (T/Y)

Per Capita (T/Y)

466,142

0.84

3,728,895

1.08

Jabalpur

779,964

0.82

Kolkata

4,982,098

1.09

Agra

Ludhiana

3,564,964

1.49

Bhubaneswar

281,552

0.63

2,256,797

1.73

Hyderabad

Sangli Vadodara

City

eCO2 (T/Y)

Per Capita (T/Y)

1,784,848

1.31

934,319

1.27

Coimbatore

1,775,170

1.84

Dehradhun

662,374

1.38

Gwalior

785,107

0.90

Guwahati

597,385

0.68

Madurai

841,165

1.24

Shimla

184,909

1.21

Udaipur

609,247

1.45

CCP India: Energy Efficiency Actions By Participants Guntur - Energy Efficient Street lighting through Power Savers - Energy Pumping System Audit Jabalpur - Retrofit tube light System - Solar Water Heating System - Design based street lighting system - Energy Conservation Awareness Program Kolkata - Water Pumping Retrofit Hyderabad - Traffic junction development alternatives - Energy Management in Street lighting Vadodara - Energy Efficient Street lighting with Timers

Gwalior - Energy Pumping System Audit - Audit result implementation - ESCO Project in Street lighting Bhubaneswar - Building energy efficiency with Power Savers Coimbatore - Energy efficiency Street lighting - Energy efficiency with Power Savers Madurai - Energy efficiency Street lighting - Energy efficiency with Power Savers

Dehradun - Energy Pumping System Audit

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CCP India: Highlight of Network Accomplishments Highlights of Network Accomplishments

5 Network of Political Leaders & Admin. Officers 5 A network of experts: cities helping cities 5 Energy Saved thru 15 Pilot Projects - 10.52 Million Kwh 5 Carbon Emissions Reduced – 13,046 T / Yr 5 Potential Savings – 193.23 Million KWh 5 Potential CERs – 239,609 T/Yr 5 Potential Financial Savings: US$ 15.73 Million 5 5 programs, 1 million nonnon-USAID ODA investment

CCP Thailand 16 Cities

4 Years

1Vision

5 Cities selected to undertake CCP Campaign ●Chiang

Mai

●Nonthaburi ●Paak

Praek (aka, Tungsong) ●Phuket ●Rayong

CCP India Cities

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CCP Thailand ICLEI worked with Cities on: ●

Methods for gathering and analyzing data needed to complete an emissions inventory;

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Means of identifying, prioritizing and quantifying emission reduction measures;

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Business plan development for specific types of emission reduction measures;

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Identifying the impacts of climate protection measures;

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Choosing appropriate emission reduction/avoidance targets; and

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Proposing city resolution to political bodies for the formal adoption of reduction/avoidance targets by the cities.

CCP South America 16 Cities

4 Years

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Pilot program to encourage municipalities in South America to begin formally integrating climate change into daily operations.

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By the end of 2002, successful recruitment of eight project cities (Avellaneda, Betim, Buenos Aires, Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Tome, and Volta Redonda). CCP India Cities

1Vision

CCP India Carbon Emission Inventory

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CCP South America City

Population

Area Km2

Base Year

GHG Emissions (ton CO2e)

GHG Emissions per Capita (ton CO2e/pc)

Avellaneda, Argentina

350,000

55

2000

2,284,164

6.53

Betim, Brazil

323,118

345.9

2000

209,071

0.65

Buenos Aires, Argentina

3,500,000

220

2000

13,387,958

3.83

Goiania, Brazil

1,100,000

757.6

1999

1,092,486

0.99

Palmas, Brazil

186,205

2,752

2001

151,595

0.81

Porto Alegre, Brazil

1,360,590

496

2000

2,017,628

1.48

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

5,480,778

1.255

1998

9,549,333

1.74

Sao Paulo, Brazil

10,406,000

1.509

2002

19,799,018

1.9

Tome, Chile

51,328

55

2000

24,784

0.48

Volta Redonda, Brazil

250,000

168

2000

482,226

1.93

CCP South America Outcomes z

Awareness and understanding increased among participating cities regarding their specific contributions to climate change and the benefits of reducing GHG emissions.

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Improved capacity of participating municipalities to: a) collect and analyze data; b) identify, evaluate, and implement climate policies and programs. Implementation of CCP action plans underway in a minimum of 5 of the participating cities.

z z

Network established of climate change practitioners from participating cities and cities involved in city-to-city exchanges.

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Information about successful climate change policies and programs disseminated within participating countries and other Latin American countries.

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New Tools Climate and Air Pollution Planning Assistant

STAR Community Index

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Globally recognized green standards system for cities

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Accountability in data and actions

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Prioritized and informed decision making

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A roadmap for cities to track and achieve climate and sustainability goals

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Peer-to-peer learning among communities and citizen engagement

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Project 2° Emissions Tracking, Planning, and Management System

Project History Project History ●

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2005: ICLEI Develops HEAT for

sss India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Brazil Sept 2006: Clinton Climate Initiative and ICLEI engage in partnership to develop a new software for its cities, drawing from knowledge base acquired from the HEAT application. May 2007: CCI engages Microsoft to build the new software. July 2007: Site design begins. Fall 2008: Project Two Degrees is launched.

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Future Plans & Roll Out Future Plans ● ●

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Roll Out

R1 (2008): Inventory and Action Planning R2 and R3 (2009): ● Web 2.0 networking ● Advanced reporting ● User-managed content ● Decision support ● Visualization and 3-D modeling Project Two Degrees is using an adaptive development process to accommodate changing user needs.

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Controlled roll-out to cities worldwide Country-by-country Starting with C40 and ICLEI networks Cities will be invited to use the Emissions Tracker software and designated administrators will be given a user name and password for access

Release 1: What does it do? ●

Manage emissions inventories Community and Government ● Plan reduction measures ● Reporting to public & internally ● Optional: share data and compare with other cities ● Works the same as existing calculators (input data usage, etc.) ●

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Browser-based interface

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100% web based- nothing to download. Available 24/7.

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Compliant with IE, Firefox, and Safari

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Calculating Emissions ● ● ●

IPCC 2006 Based Algorithms All relevant sectors, including industrial processes and forestry. Country Pack ● ● ● ●

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Emission Factors Fuels Vehicle Types Waste characteristics

Customize your own emissions factors and other data Fully transparent ● ●

Know how the software computed Verification ready

GHG Accounting Protocol ●

P2D is “Protocol Neutral” ¾ ¾

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A flexible accounting system for GHG emissions and planning Not hard-wired to a specific reporting standard

Designed to accommodate modular reporting to meet the requirements of multiple protocols, e.g.: *CCAR *ICLEI Local Government Protocol

*WRI/WBCSD *CCX

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Visual Action Planning

Manage Your Own Users Distribute your GHG management responsibilities to your staff

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Create Your Own City Networks ¾ ¾

Any site participant can create a network. Manage network membership ● ●

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Invite any Two Degrees participating city to join your network. Add and remove cities from your network.

Compare reporting data from members who have opted to share data with your network.

Share Your Achievements With the WORLD! ¾

Using Microsoft Virtual Earth, visitors to the Two Degrees web site can: ●

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Search for any city and see if the city is a public participant on the Two Degrees site; View emissions, action plan, and measure data the city has made public; Navigate to the cities’ public home page;

Opt-in model: cities choose whether or not to publish to the Two Degrees web site.

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City Data and Privacy

“Project Two Degrees is governed by the principle that all cities can control if any data is to be made available for public use.” ¾ All data is protected in a secure environment. ¾ Cities are not required to share data with anyone, nor be represented in the public pages of Project Two Degrees. ¾ Cities control the data that can be modified by each individual user. ¾ This is to ensure that cities feel comfortable and in full control of the application.

Thank You! Questions?

Missy Stults ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability 617.635.3853 [email protected]

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