Speaking on • Resources available in Sri Lanka for aquaculture • Culture based fisheries in reservoirs • Shrimp farming • Non traditional commercial aquaculture • Ornamental fish farming • Aquaculture for future in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka 1. Water Resources • Availability of unpolluted, good quality water. Marine/ Fresh / Brackish • Sri Lanka’s coast line - 1770 km

Territorial sea 22.2 km

Contiguous zone 22.2 km

103 rivers flow from central hills

Freshwater Resources Large reservoirs Medium reservoirs Minor reservoirs Seasonal Tanks Flood lakes and villus Upland reservoirs Mahaweli reservoirs TOTAL

70,850 ha 17,004 ha 39,271 ha 100,000 ha 4,049 ha 8,097 ha 22,670 ha 261,941 ha

Brackish water Resources 116 Lagoons 160,000 ha

Potential Sea Farming Area estimated about 8,500 ha

Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)

Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)

National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka (NAQDA)

Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation

Cey-Nor Foundation

Development

National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka

Promotion

Regulation

Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production 80,000

69780

67300

59560

50,000 52410 40,000

46560

Intensity of rain

68950

60,000

Intensity of drought

Fish Production (Mt)

70,000

75750

30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2009

2010

2011

2012 Year

2013

2014

2015

1. Culture based fisheries in perennial reservoirs and seasonal reservoirs  Stocking of suitable species of fish fingerlings Species – Tilapia, Indian carps, Chinese carps  Introduce proper fisheries management through community management 40% Stocking of Fish Fingerlings

60000

55410

62480

50000 48930

30000 20000

59190 Intensity of rain

40000

70600

65640

70000

Intensity of drought

Fish Production (Mt)

80000

10000 0

from Government 60% from Fisheries Society of the reservoirs Weigh the harvest

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1.1

Development of culture based fisheries with enhancement of stocking of high valued aquaculture species

Macrobrachium rosenbergii Year

Production (Mt)

Export (Mt)

2012

290

24

2013

572

64

2014

460

131

2015

465

144

• Bigger size – 2 to 4 pieces /kg • Value at reservoirs $ 10 • Appears to be organic product Freshwater Prawn stock enhancement in reservoirs and buy back system established under public private partnership

1.2 a)

Actions taken to increase the fish fingerling stocking in culture based fisheries in Sri Lanka Pen / Cove culture for Fry – Fingerling rearing programme in reservoirs

• Reduce fingerling cost • Reduce fish handling b)

Establishment of water based mini hatcheries 05 reservoirs on pilot scale

Fry from AQDC Stocking in the reservoir

Tilapia

Release fingerling to the reservoir

Fingerling

1.3

Development of culture based fisheries in Villues

• Necessary infrastructure facilities will be developed

Year

Fish seed Stocking (Mn)

Harvest (Mt)

2011

-

2945

2012

0.05

4088

2013

-

2639

2014

0.18

2276

2015

0.03

1078

2

Freshwater fish seed production

Freshwater Aquaculture Development Center

Freshwater Prawn Breeding Center

Iranamadu

Aquaculture Development Centres Kalawewa

Polonnaruwa Dambulla

Pambala

Inginyagala Nuwara Eliya

Uda Walawe

Kahadamodara

Private Ponds Mini Nurseries

Community based mini nurseries, ponds, cages used for grow out fry – fingerling stage

60 Fingerling Production (Mn)

55.12 50

44.82

49.39 40.98

40 30 20

37.39

34.88 27.93

10 0 2009

2010

2011

2012 Year

2013

2014

2015

Cages

2.1 Genetic Improvement of Broodstock • Imported brood fish from far genetic areas, China – Grass carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Black carp Bangladesh – Catla Myanmar – Rohu Thailand - Tilapia

• Tagging of imported brood fish

•

Cohort Breeding

Layout of the breeding scheme Pond 1 1600

1600

Pond 2

Pond 3

Pond 8

1600

1600

1600

200g

Select

Select

Select

200 200

200 200

Select

200 200

200 200

Apply the mating strategies in diagrams 1and 2

Mating scheme 1

To preserve gene pool of GIFT at Dambulla AQDC

Breeding protocol Re-introduce of genetic material from World Fish Centre was taken place

3 2

8

3

7

6

4 5

Diagram 1

4

2

5

1

6

8 7

Diagram 2

Impact of the WSSV to draw down the shrimp aquaculture production 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Ye ar

2005

2004

2003

2002

0

2001

•

2000

•

The shrimp aquaculture industry initially emerged in the Eastern Province It collapsed due to civil war The industry was revived in the North Western Province in 1980 The industry recorded its peak economic performances in the year 2000 by earning Mn USD 69.4 worth of foreign exchange – 4855 mt There was a severe threat from White Spot Disease in the past and it was firstly appeared and affected shrimp aquaculture in 1996. Shrimp production came down up to 1570 mt in 2005

1999

• • • •

Shrimp Farming

Aquaculture production (Mt)

3.

Strategies Implemented 4. 3. 1.

Establishment of Shrimp Farm Monitoring & Extension Unit

2.

A Society was formed for each sub zone

7.

Dredging of Dutch canal

Establishment of laboratories

Demarcation of the Dutch canal Reservation

Implement ation of BMPs

Comanagement system and public private partnerships were established with NAQDA

12.

New Regulations

9.

Mangrove Plantation 10.

13.

11.

5.

Zoning

8. 6.

New association was formed and it was comprised with shrimp breeders, shrimp farmers, etc.

Implementation of Hatchery Grading system

14.

Special bio security measures

15.

Implement ation of Crop Calendar

Broodstock screening for WSSV

Implementation of Better Management Practices 

Better Management Practices Shrimp

farming

Shrimp

hatcheries

Shrimp

harvesting

Brood Feed 

Stock Collectors

& Chemical suppliers, feed and feeding

With the implementation of Crop calendar strictly monitored the Better Management Practices (BMP) which have been formulated in consultation with all the stakeholders in the industry

Expansion of Shrimp Farming A. Zonal Plans for Batticaloa and Trincomalee Trincomalee Batticaloa

Present status of shrimp aquaculture industry in Sri Lanka Shrimp Farming Area in Puttalam and Batticaloa

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Area (ha) 696 1137 1505 1098 1386 1240 1641 1544 1695 2081 2164

All these stratergies supported to increase the shrimp production 7090

Future Plans for Development of Shrimp / Coastal Aquaculture species in Sri Lanka Zone B

a) Aquaculture Industrial Park

Zone A

Zone C

Zone D

Proposed land area is around 1500 ha in Mannar district

Zone E

Zone F Zone G

Zone H

Proposed land area is around 1110 ha in Batticaloa district

Shrimp Farming

Fish Culture

Crab Farming Sea Farming

To improve the environment for aquaculture investments and sustainably meet food security and economic development targets without causing environmental degradation by providing suitable environment for the potential investors to develop coastal aquaculture

Out puts

Objective

Increase aquaculture production 9500 Mt Direct and indirect jobs 8000 Increase income Rs. Mn 7000

3.

Development of Non Traditional Commercial Aquaculture

High demand local /Export Hatchery technology available

3.1 Sea bass farming

Sea bass farming in sea cages Oceanpick (Pvt) Ltd. - Trincomalee

• Long term lease • Established under a joint cooperation

Investment – US$ 4.0 Mn Annual Production Target - 600 Mt

Cage Size

04 cages of 40m circumference with up to 5m deep net

Size of the grow out cages

10 cages of 50m circumference with up to 10m deep net

Species

Lates calcarifer

Stocking Density

18 – 30 pieces/m3

Year

Stocking Number

Harvest Mt

2014

99,676

35.41

2015

330,455

3.7

Farming in ponds

Year

Production (Mt)

2012

2

2013

15

2014

25

2015

37

Farming in cages in Lagoons (small scale)

Suitable Sites Trincomalee

Puttalam

Batticaloa Gampaha

Colombo

Galle

Hambantota

3.2 Sea weed Culture

• Target species Kappaphycus sp.

• Source of Carrageenan

Mother stock farm

Out grower

Buy Back

Processing

Export

Local Industries

• Two seed banks – National Aquaculture Development Authority – National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency

• Culture methods - Cylinder Monolines

Production (dry weight Mt) 2012

22.5

2013

25.0

2014

70.0

2015

165.0

1000 farmers engaged in sea weed farming

Suitable Sites

Jaffna Kilinochchi

Mannar

Trincomalee

Colombo

Issue

• Culture only Kappaphycus

• Technical expetise for development of tissue culture of sea weed ( Kappaphycus sp) • No value addition

• Genetic erosion of Kappaphycus spp

Remedial Measure

• Introduce more species. (Spirulina, important food algae • Introduce technology

• Technology for development of value added products • Establishment of a Carrageenan Factory • Improve varieties developed through tissue culture

3.3 Sea cucumber Farming

Farm Gate Price USD . 153/kg

Export Price USD 250/kg

High demand / very high price (export market)

Hatchery technology available

Year

Juveniles Production

Production (Kg)

2013

75,000

3200

2014

424,000

595

2015

250,000

-

Issue

• Lack of adequate seed supply

Remedial Measure

• Established more Private Hatcheries

Farming in pens

Farming in ponds Pond culture of Sea cucumber Pulichchikulam

3.4 Mud Crab Hatchery / Farming

• Mud crab – Scylla serata  Sri Lanka export 2000 Mt of crabs annually  High demand  High price

• Restaurants in some countries  Special dishes “Sri Lankan Crab”

• Natural stocks – decreasing

Crab Farming One Hatchery at Ambakadawila, Chilaw

Rearing facility at Ambakadawila, Chilaw Total Production after establishing the hatchery

108,000 crab lets

Amount sold

2000

Stocking free of charge

6000

Stocking density of the hatchery 15,000 larvae /4 ton tanks

Year

Cultured Production Mt)

2011

11.93

2012

10.01

2013

10.28

2014

10.41

2015

23.51 Issue

• Lack of adequate seed supply

Remedial Measure

• Established more Private Hatcheries

Suitable Sites

3.5 Mollusc Culture

Mollusc Culture - cont…..

• Unpolluted water • Availability of natural stocks • Areas with good spatfall to ensure availability of seed for culture • Good growth • Farming with community participation • Buy back • Processing / Marketing

Suitable Sites Mannar Trincomalee

Puttalam

Colombo

3.6 Multi Species Marine Finfish Hatchery - Batticaloa

Allocation from EU/FAO – Rs. Mn 150

5.

Development and Expansion of Ornamental fish Farming

• This industry is totally driven by Private Sector, however overnment facilitate this industry. Government Government has two Breeding Centers

NAQDA facilitated Ornamental fish industry through,

Golden Head

• Supply Quality Broodstock

• Production of new strains of ornamental fish • Research and Development • Import and distribute quality broodstock Dual Blue neon Laser ray

Rambadagalla SSN

• Training of ornamental fish farmers • Provision of Technical advice

• Support in fish health management

• Establishment of Ornamental Fish Exchange and Information Centre • Conduct National Exhibition “Min Visithuru” , Ornamental Fish and Aquatic Plant Exhibition every year

• Tissue culture of Aquatic Plants Tissue culture lab operate by Government

• Established Public Private Partnership for Marketing of Tissue Culture

Live Rock Culture

Year 2012 2013 2014 2015

Export Export Value Quantity (USD) 7,264 19,394.88 29,678 80,799.46 21,421 56,156.02 9,644 -

Ornamental Fish Export 3000

Export Value (Rs.Mn)

2500

2392

2000 1383 1500 1112 1636 1000 979 865

919

500

0 2009

2010

2011

Year

2012

2013

2014

2015

Aquaculture Regulations Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996 & National Aquaculture Development Authority Act No. 23 of 2006 (Amended) • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aquaculture Management Licenses 1996 Disease Control Regulations 2000 Residual Monitoring Regulations 2002 Aquaculture Brackish water and Marine Prawn Culture Regulations 2007 (Preventing unfavorable in shrimp aquaculture zones) Shrimp Aquaculture Management (Operation of Crop Cycle) Regulations, 2008 Registration of Aquaculture Societies Regulations, 2009 The Brackish water Shrimp Hatcheries (Issue of Post Larvae) Regulations, 2010 Live Rock Culture for Export Regulations, No. 1 of 2011 Aquaculture Management Regulations, 2011(Amended) Shrimp Hatchery Grading 2012 Live fish exporters premises Regulation 2014 Collecting and Supply of brood shrimps in order to breed brackish water shrimps (Penaeus species) 2016 Culture of Coral Species on artificial substrates for export regulation 2016

Future • Fish fingerling production – Now 90% from NAQDA – Future – Fingerling production by Private Sector NAQDA - Broodstock and Post larvae NAQDA will carry out monitoring and extension activities

• • • • • • • •

Mariculture Aquaculture Park (Land/water based) Promote stock enhancement in lagoon Coral farming Marine Ornamental fish breeding Indigenous Food Fish Promote Non-traditional aquaculture Estate ponds/other pond culture Utilization of new reservoirs for inland fish production

Thank You