Menjadi Anggota dalam suatu Panitia/Badan pada Perguruan Tinggi

Berperan serta Aktif Dalam Pertemuan Ilmiah

Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Ioannis Liritzis, University of the Aegean, Greece Associate Editors 1. Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 2. Jinghao Sun, East China Normal University, China 3. Kazuo Yagami, Savannah State University, United States Editorial Assistant 1. Paige Dou, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Reviewers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Asma Nadeem, Mehran University, Pakistan Ariel Tan Gutierrez, Angeles University Foundation, Philippines Arabinda Samanta, The University of Burdwan, India Cheming Yang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan CLV Sivakuumar, Vit University, India Echo H Wu, Murray State University, United States Fahad Mutlaq Al-Otaibi, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

8. Imran Ali Sandano, Zhejiang University, China 9. Indu Swami, Assam University, India 10. Ioannis Karapanagiotis, University Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki, Greece 11. Kazuo Yagami, Savannah State University, United States 12. Kimburley Wing Yee Choi, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 13. Lok Bhattarai, Canada 14. Magda Elnowieemy, Alexandria University, Egypt 15. Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 16. Matthew M Chew, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 17. Ming-yan Lai, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 18. Mohd Sabrizaa Abd Rashid, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia 19. Nawaraj Chaulagain, Harvard University, United States 20. Priyono Priyono, Pgri Adi Buana University, Indonesia 21. Ramir Villaro Sonsona, Mindanao University of Science andege Technology, Philippines 22. Rickey Ray, Northeast State Community College, United States 23. Sachin Madhavrao Kanawade, Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, India 24. Saif Nasser Al-Maamari, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman 25. Salvatore Lorusso, Università di Bologna, Italy 26. Shanthini Pillai, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 27. Suzy Casimiro, Edith Cowan University, Australia 28. Teresita Palencia Pareja, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Philippines 29. Tsu-chia Hsu, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 30. Uqbah Iqbal, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 31. Vladimir Ivanovich Ionesov, Samara Society for Cultural Stuidies, Russian Federation 32. Zeidan Abdelkafi Abdelfattah Kafafi, Yarmouk University, Jordan

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Editorial Team Associate Editors 1. Janet Olwyn Macaulay, Monash University, Australia 2. Sinikka Hannele Pöllänen, University of Eastern Finland Savonlinna Campus, Finland 3. Xiaoqing Gu, East China Normal University, China Editorial Assistant 1. Barbara Sun, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Reviewers 1. Abderrahim Agnaou, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, Morocco 2. Alain Flaubert Takam, University of Lethbridge, Canada 3. Alexandros Georgios Papadimitriou, School of Pedagogical and Technolgical Education, Greece 4. Ali S.M. Al-Issa, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

5. Alina Georgeta Mag, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Romania 6. Alis A Puteh, UUM, Malaysia 7. Amir Rezaei, Azad University and University of Malaya, Iran, Islamic Republic of 8. Anil Soylemez, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey 9. António Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portugal 10. Antonio Causarano, University of Mary Washington, United States 11. Dr. Arif Jawaid Moghal, Linton University College, Malaysia 12. Arif Saricoban, Hacettepe University, Turkey 13. Asghar Soltani Kafrani, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, Islamic Republic of 14. AYDIN BALYER, YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSTY FACULTY OF EDUCATION, Turkey 15. Boris Handal, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia 16. Carolyn N. Stevenson, Kaplan University, United States 17. Chew Cheng Meng, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 18. Ching-chung Guey, I-Shou University, Taiwan, Province of China 19. Ching-Yuan Hsiao, National University of Tainan, Taiwan 20. Clara Vasconcelos, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal 21. Dr. Colleen Colbert, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States 22. Dr. Daesang Kim, Valdosta State University, United States 23. Dheeraj Raju, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States 24. Dr. Dinesh Kumar, Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, India 25. Dirk Michel-Schertges, Aarhus University, Denmark 26. Dora C Finamore, Kaplan University, United States 27. Dr. Dorothy Elizbeth Garcia, Fort Worth ISD, United States 28. Dr. Ee Rea Hong, University of Tsukuba, Japan 29. Mrs. Elena Savu, "Politehnica" University of Bucuresti, Romania 30. Encarnacion Álvarez-Verdejo, University of Granada, Spain 31. Faye Antoniou, University of Athens, Greece 32. Felicia Ann Durden, Maricopa Community Colleges, United States 33. Gourav Mahajan, Sri Sai College of Education, Pathankot, India 34. Han Luo, Lafayette College, United States 35. Hasan Seker, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey 36. Helen Tsakiridou, University of Western Macedonia, Greece 37. Huei-Tse Hou, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 38. Dr. J. Alberto Conejero, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain 39. Jamal khaleel Alkhaldi, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan 40. Jameel Ahmad, King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia 41. Dr. Jan Chrastina, Palacký University, Czech Republic 42. Jane Tobbell, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom 43. Dr. Jianpeng Guo, Xiamen University, China 44. Jiying Han, Shandong University, China 45. Jodie Kline, Deakin University, Australia 46. Dr. Jonathan deHaan, University of Shizuoka, Japan 47. Jose Alberto Lencastre, University of Minho, Portugal 48. Juli-Anna Aerila, Univerisity of Turku, Finland 49. Julie Shattuck, Frederick Community College, United States 50. Junjun Chen, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong 51. Jyoti Bhalla, Lovely professional university, India 52. Keith Bletzer, University of Arizona, United States

53. Kevin John Flint, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom 54. Khairul Anuar Samsudin, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia 55. Larisa Kasumagic Kafedzic, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 56. Dr. Lo Kim Seng, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia 57. Maja Ljubetic, University of Split, Croatia 58. Maria Birbili, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, Greece 59. Maria Olson, Stockholm University & University of Skövde, Sweden 60. Mariana Montiel, Georgia State University, United States 61. Dr. Mário Henrique Gomes, CEMRI – Centre of Studies on Migrations and Intercultural Relations, Portugal 62. Miranda Jane Walker, Ministry of Education, Cyprus 63. Mohamad Fadhili Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis, Malaysia 64. Associate Prof. Engr. Dr. Mohamad Hisyam bin Mohd. Hashim, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia 65. Mohammad Sadegh Bijandi, University of Science and Culture, Iran, Islamic Republic of 66. Mohd Zuri Ghani, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 67. Mustafa Shazali, Al Baha University, Sudan 68. Nataly Loizidou-Ieridou, Frederick University, Cyprus 69. Natalya Churlyaeva, Siberian State Aerospace University, Russian Federation 70. Nikos Papadakis, University of Crete, Greece 71. Noushad Husain, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, India 72. Nina Abdul Razzak, University of Bahrain, Bahrain 73. Osvaldo Romero Romero, Sancti Spiritus University Jose Marti Perez, Cuba 74. Peng-Yeng Yin, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan 75. PESCARU MARIA, Univerity of Pitesti, Romania 76. Priyono Priyono, Pgri Adi Buana University, Indonesia 77. Dr. Rafizah Mohd Rawian, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, Malaysia 78. Reza Gholami, Islamic Azad University of MAshhad, Iran, Islamic Republic of 79. Rita Castro, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil 80. Robert Earle White, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada 81. Rosa Maria Garcia-Fernandez, Granada University, Spain 82. PROFESSOR Roseline Nirmala Jesudas, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia 83. Sai Sabitha, Amity University, India 84. Shaima Ahammed, UAE University, United Arab Emirates 85. Shijuan Liu, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, United States 86. Simeon Tsolakidis, Frederick University, Cyprus 87. Sukardi Weda, State University of Makassar, Indonesia 88. Dr Sun Joo Yoo, Samsung SDS, Korea, Republic of 89. Thomas Jai Gross, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, United States 90. Thomas McLaughlin, Gonzaga University, United States 91. Trisevgeni Liontou, Greek Ministry of Education, Greece 92. Tuulikki Seija Venninen, University of Helsinki, Finland 93. Vasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece 94. Veronica Odiri Amatari, Niger Delta University, Nigeria 95. Victoria Louise O'Donnell, University of the West of Scotland, United Kingdom 96. Dr. Victor Romando Wilburn, Southeast Missouri State University, United States 97. Vighnarajah Selvarajah, Wawasan Open University, Malaysia 98. Wai Ming Cheung, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99. Waldiney Mello, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105.

Wen-chi Vivian Wu, Providence University, Taiwan William C. McCoy, Northern Illinois University, United States Yatendrakumar shriram pal, GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, India Yoon Fah Lay, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Dr. Zafer IBRAHIMOGLU, Marmara University, Turkey Zoran Putnik, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

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FFebruary 5, 2015

Whom It Maay Concern,, To W This is to certify thaat Dr. Pri Priyono seerved as a reviewer ffor Internattional Reseearch in Edducation (IS SSN 2327-55499). Interrnational Research in Education is an Openn Access, peer-reviewe p ed, scholarly ly journal, published p by y Macrothinnk Institutee. The journnal publishees high quality, originall works in education. e Dr. Pri Priiyono was selected s as a reviewerr due to hiss expertise and outstan nding contrribution to the t field. If you havee any questiions, please call me at any a time.

Sinceerely,

On bbehalf of, The E Editorial Booard of Inteernational R Research in Education Macrrothink Insttitute

Editorial Team Editorial Assistant 1. Selina Young, Macrothink Institute, United States Editorial Board Members 1. Prof Dr Ahmad Rafi, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia 2. Amal Huaaian Alajmi, Kuwait University, Kuwait 3. Dr Amani Hamdan, College of Education, Curriculum and Pedagogy University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia 4. Dr. Amirul Mukminin, Faculty of Education, Jambi University, Indonesia 5. Dr. Apollo M Nkwake, Tulane University, United States 6. Dr. Ashraf Atta Mohamed Safein Salem, Ministry of Education, Kuwait Ministry of Education, Egypt Omalyia University, Egypt 7. Dr Balakrishnan Muniandy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 8. Dr hab. Beata Stachowiak, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland 9. Chang-Hua Chen, National Academy for Educational Research, Taiwan 10. Chia-Ju Liu, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan 11. Daniel Moos, Gustavus Adolphus College, United States 12. Dilek Sezgin memnun, Uludag University, Turkey 13. Dr Effandi Zakaria, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 14. Eric C. K. Cheng, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong 15. Dr. FAROUQ ALMEQDADI, Emirates College for Advanced education (ECAE), United Arab Emirates 16. Filiz Kalelioğlu, Baskent University, Turkey 17. Gulcin Tan Sisman, Akdeniz University, Turkey 18. Janet Omolayo Olajide, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria 19. Dr. Khairulanuar samsudin, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia 20. Dr. María del P. Pablo-Romero, Seville University, Spain 21. Marina Merkas, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia 22. Prof. Mark Davies, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom 23. Makram Zghibi, LASELDI, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France and ISSEP Kef, Tunisia 24. Dr. Michaela Cocca, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Faculty of Sports Management, Mexico 25. Milan Kubiatko, University of Zilina, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Pedagogical Studies, Slovakia 26. Mohamed Abdelmageed Mansour, Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Assiut University, Egypt 27. Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, National Defence University, Pakistan 28. Dr. Natalija Vrecer, Slovenian Institute for Adult Education, Slovenia 29. Hi Nathalis Guy Wamba, Queens College, City University of New York, United States 30. Nicola Pensiero, University of London, Institute of Education, LLAKES centre 31. Nikolaos Metaxas, Evangeliki Exemplary School, Greece 32. Olabanji Emmanuel Obadara, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria 33. Ozlem Karakus, University of Selçuk, Turkey

34. Dr Paul Kwame Butakor, DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP, COLLEGE OF EDUCATIONUNIVERSITY OF GHANA, Ghana 35. Dr. Paul Ngee Kiong Lau, NIIT College, Malaysia 36. pauline mounjouenpou 37. Dr. Poulomee Datta, Australian Catholic University Faculty of Education and Arts School of Education, Australia 38. regards priyono iyon priyono, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 39. Dr Ravi Kant, MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL URDU UNIVERSITY, India 40. Dr Reza Oskrochi, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom 41. Robert Vajda, Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Hungary 42. Roger Benjamin Sages, Lund University, Sweden, Sweden 43. Ruben Comas-Forgas, Balearic Islands University 44. Satish Kumar Kalhotra Pappu, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, India 45. Dr. Sawsen Lakhal, Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Sherbrooke University, Canada 46. Dr. S. Chee Choy, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Malaysia 47. Sharn Donnison, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia 48. Stefania Bocconi, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Educational Technology, Italy 49. Suresh Prasad Singh, Guru Ghasidas Central University, India 50. Tahani Mohammad Alebous, World Islamic sciences and Education University, Jordan 51. Dr. Thomas Strasser, Vienna University College of Teacher Education, Austria 52. Dr Tshepo Batane, University of Botswana, Botswana 53. Dr. Waldiney Mello, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 54. Dr. Waleed Hassan Sultan, Multimedia University, Malaysia, Malaysia 55. Yang Liu, University of Jyväskylä, Finland 56. Dr ZEBUN NISA KHAN, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AMU ALIGARH 202002 INDIA

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Higher Education Studies Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Dr. Derry L. Stufft, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, United States Associate Editors 1. C. K. Cheung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

2. Dr. Debra Lilley, Loughborough University, United Kingdom Editorial Assistant 1. Sherry Lin, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Dr. Abderrahim Agnaou, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, Morocco Ahmad Azman Mokhtar, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis, Malaysia Dr. Ajay Das, Murray State University, United States Dr. Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania Dr. Andrew Courtner, Lincoln Memorial University, United States Dr. Anna Liduma, RTTEMA Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Latvia 7. Dr. Arif Jawaid Moghal, Linton University College, Malaysia 8. Dr. Aurora-Adina Colomeischi, "Stefan cel Mare" University, Romania 9. Ausra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University (Lithuania), Lithuania 10. Dr. Aynur Yürekli, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey 11. Dr. Azizollah Arbabisarjou, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 12. Dr. Bahar Gün, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey 13. Dr. Barba Aldis Patton, University of Houston-Victoria, United States 14. Dr. Binmei Liu, Nankai University, China 15. Dr. Can Tansel Tugcu, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Nevsehir University, Turkey 16. Dr. Carmel Geneva Roofe, University of Technology, Jamaica 17. Carmen Sirbu, Danubius University of Galati, Romania 18. Çelebi Uluyol, Gazi University, Turkey 19. Dr. Chad Mathew Morrison, University of South Australia, Australia 20. Dr. Chia Jung Yeh, East Carolina University, United States 21. Dr. Chris Brown, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom 22. Dr. Colin McCaig, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom 23. Dr. Colleen Colbert, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States 24. Dr. Cristina Sin, Centre for Research in Higher Education Policy, Portugal 25. Dr. Dibakar Sarangi, Directorate of Teacher Education and State Council for Educational research and Training, Odisha, India 26. Dr. Donna Harp Ziegenfuss, University of Utah, United States 27. Dr. Dorothy Elizbeth Garcia, Fort Worth ISD, United States 28. Prof. Edward C. Kokkelenberg, Binghamton University, United States 29. Dr. Evrim Üstünlüoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey 30. Dr. Fahri Fahri Karakas, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 31. Dr. Firouzeh Sepehrian Azar, Orumieh University, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 32. Gabriela I. Virlan, Danubius University of Galati, Romania 33. Dr. Gregory Siy Ching, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Province of China

34. Dr. Gulfidan Can, Middle East Technical University, Turkey 35. Gurpinder Singh Lalli, University of Leicester, United Kingdom 36. Dr. Hadiyanto Said, University of Jambi, Indonesia 37. Dr. Intakhab Alam Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia 38. Dr. Ioanna Papathanasiou, Nursing Department of Technological Educational Institute of Larissa, Greece 39. Dr. Jayanti Dutta, Academic Staff College, India 40. Jisun Jung, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 41. Prof. John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom 42. Dr. John Michael Rafferty, Charles Sturt University, Australia 43. Dr. John Walter Miller Jr., University of Arkansas at Little Rock, United States 44. José Sánchez Santamaría, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain 45. Dr. Karen Charman, Deakin University, Australia, Australia 46. Dr. Karsten Krauskopf, Knowledge Media Research Center, University of Applied Sciences at Magdeburg, Germany 47. Dr Kartheek R Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia 48. Dr. Ken Lau, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 49. Mr Leon Cremonini, University of Twente, Netherlands 50. Dr. Lung-Tan Lu, Fo Guang University, Taiwan, Province of China 51. Prof. Malyadri Pacha, Osmania University, India 52. Dr. Manjet Kaur Mehar Singh, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 53. Dr. Mei Jiun (Michael) Wu, University of Macau, China 54. Miroslaw Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland 55. Dr Mohd - Shakir, Aligarh Muslim University (INDIA), India 56. Dr. Mona Anita K. Olsen, The School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University 57. Mpoki Mwaikokesya, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 58. Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq, Global Institute Lahore, Pakistan 59. Mustafa Kahyaoglu, Siirt University, Turkey 60. Dr. Nancy Maynes, Nipissing University Schulich School of Education, Canada 61. Dr. Nicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus 62. Dr. Ofer Katchergin, Oranim academic college & Levinsky academic college, Israel 63. Dr. Oktavian Mantiri, Asia-Pacific International University Universitas Klabat, Adjunct, Thailand 64. Dr. Osman Cekic, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey 65. Dr. Paonan Chou, National University of Tainan, Taiwan, Province of China 66. Dr. Parviz Alavinia, Urmia University, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 67. Dr. priyono - -, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 68. Dr. Rachida Labbas, Washington state University, United States 69. Dr. Rafizah Mohd Rawian, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, Malaysia 70. Ranjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, Teacher Education Institute, Australia 71. Dr. Ria Hanewald, Deakin University, Australia 72. Dr. Robyn Gibson, University of Sydney, Australia 73. Dr. Ruthaychonnee Sittichai, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 74. Dr. Sahar Ahadi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States 75. Dr. Saheed Ahmad Rufai, Lagos State University, Nigeria 76. Dr. Samuel J. Byndom, Parkland College, United States

77. Dr. Semiyu Aderibigbe, American University in the Emirates, United Arab Emirates 78. Prof. Stephen Rice, New Mexico State University, United States 79. Dr. Susanne Garvis, Griffith University, Australia 80. Dr. Tarek Mostafa, University of London, United Kingdom 81. Dr. Termit Kaur, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 82. Dr Tuija A. Turunen, Charles Sturt University, Australia 83. Dr. Waldiney Mello, Centro Universitário Celso Lisboa, Brazil 84. Dr. Yuni Pantiwati, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia 85. Yvonne Joyce Moogan, Kaplan Higher Education-The Business School, United Kingdom 86. Dr. Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of

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April 1, 2015

CERTIFICATION From March 28, 2015, Dr. Priyono, Program Study Management, Economics Faculty Universities PGRI Adi Buana (Indonesia), has become a member of the editorial board and regular reviewer of the International Journal of Social Science Studies [IJSSS]. IJSSS is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, published by Redfame Publishing.

James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing

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Editorial Team Editors-in-Chief 1. Dr. Michael BROOKS, North Carolina A&T State University, United States 2. Prof. Máximo Ernesto JARAMILLO MOLINA, Colegio de México, Mexico Editorial Assistant 1. James Young, Redfame Publishing, United States Associate Editors 1. Dr. Jamie E. L. SPINNEY, Saint Mary's University, Canada 2. Dr. Kim STANSBURY, Eastern Washington University, United States 3. Dr. Patricia WIENER, C.E.H.N. La Paz-Bolivia, Bolivia

Editorial Board Members 1. Dr. Manzoor Khan AFRIDI, Department of Politics and International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan., Pakistan 2. Dr. Benedict Chico AGOHA, Covenant University, Nigeria 3. Dr. Jose Antonio AMOZURRUTIA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MÉXICO, Mexico 4. Dr. Aprinalistria APRINALISTRIA, Univerity of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Indonesia 5. Dr. Olufemi Kunle ARAMIDE, Department of General Studies, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria., Nigeria 6. Dr. Michael BROOKS, North Carolina A&T State University, United States 7. Dr. Luigi Andrea BERTO, Western Michigan University, United States 8. Dr Raymond K H CHAN, City University of Hong Kong 9. Prof. Linda A. CHERNUS, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States 10. Prof. Mei-Se CHIEN, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan, Province of China 11. Dr. Robert COSTELLO, Nassau Community College, United States 12. Dr Jianquan CHENG, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom 13. Dr Matthew S. DABROS, Western Connecticut State University, United States 14. Dr. Wendy DOSSETT, University of Chester, United Kingdom 15. Dr. Katja EMAN, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security University of Maribor, Slovenia 16. Dr. Yaghoob FOROUTAN, The University of Mazandaran / Swinburne University of Technology, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 17. Dr. Joan GARCIA GARRIGA, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain 18. Dr. Paula HANASZ, Australian National University, Australia 19. Dr Jasmine HARVEY, University of Oxford, United Kingdom 20. Dr. Shahadat HOSSAIN, University of Technology Dortmund (TU DOrtmund) Germany, Germany 21. Prof. Gassemi KARIM, Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Casablanca Morocco., Morocco 22. Dr. Parveen KAUR, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia 23. Dr. Remigiusz JANUSZ KIJAK, Pedagogical University in Cracow, Poland 24. Dr. Jangraiz KHAN, Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan 25. Prof. Bashar MALKAWI, College of Law University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 26. Prof. Ali MASSOUD, Sohag University, Egypt 27. Dr. Caroline MELLGREN, Department of criminology, Malmö University, Sweden 28. Dr. Anne-Marie MCALINDEN, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom 29. Dr. Mónica MARTÍNEZ, Polithecnyc University of Valencia, Spain 30. Dr Zitha MOKOMANE, Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa, South Africa 31. Prof. Máximo Ernesto JARAMILLO MOLINA, Colegio de México, Mexico 32. Dr. Anna Maria MOUZA, Technological Educational Institution of Serres, Greece 33. Dr. Begoña MONTERO-FLETA, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain 34. Dr. Ghadah AL MURSHIDI, UAE University

35. Dr Placide MUTABAZI, University of Rwanda,College of Medicine and Health Sciences., Rwanda 36. Dr. Mohammed ISMAIL NASARAT, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan 37. Prof. Jehu ONYEKWERE NNAJI, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy 38. Dr. Iván FUMADÓ ORTEGA, Spain 39. Prof. Sudershan PASUPULETI, Department of Social Work,Hartford Geriatric Social Work Faculty Scholar (2008-11) College of Health Science and Human Service (SWOT 1.222) The University of Texas, United States 40. Dr. Joy D. PATTON, University of North Texas Dallas, United States 41. Dr. Jorge MORALES PEDRAZA, Independent Consultant, Cuba 42. Dr. Mariano D. PERELMAN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Argentina 43. Dr. Priyono IYON PRIYONO, PGRI ADI BUANA UNIVERSITY, Indonesia 44. Dr. Lee PUGALIS, Northumbria University, United Kingdom 45. Dr. Satya Paul Kumar PP., Acharya Nagarjuna University, India 46. Dr. Reem Mahmood RAMADAN, Damascus University, Syrian Arab Republic 47. Dr. Ludmila M. L. RIBEIRO, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil 48. Dr. Sirpa Pietilä ROSENDAHL, Mälardalen University, Sweden 49. Dr. Rachita Shrivastava ROY, Govt. VYT P.G. Autonomous College,Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh, India 50. Dr. Imran Ali SANDANO, Center for Nontraditional Security and Peaceful Development, Zhejiang University, China 51. Dr. Daniele SCHILIRO', SEAM, University of Messina & CRANEC, Università Cattolica di Milano, Italy 52. Dr. Luigia SIMONA SICA, Department of humanities, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy 53. Dr. Laura K. TAYLOR, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, United States 54. Dr. Roberto FRANZINI TIBALDEO, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento - Pisa Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Pisa, Italy 55. Dr Kareen N Tonsing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 56. Dr. Rachael WALSH, U.S. Census Bureau, United States 57. Dr. Deirdre WARREN, Kent State University at Stark, United States 58. Dr. Elke WEIK, School of Management University of Leicester, United Kingdom 59. Dr. Mohd. Noor MAT YAZID, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

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JJanuary 29, 2015

Econnomics Facuulty Universsities PGRI adi buana Indonnesia

Dearr Sir or Maadam, This iis to confirm m that Dr. Pri Priyono P has bbeen offered a position at Macrothink Institute. The term is from m January 1, 2015 to Janu uary 1, 2017.

Pri Priyono seerves as a reeviewer of Reesearch in Business and Management M t. During thee term, Dr. P he/she carried out the duties alllotted to him//her with caree and attention to detail.

n, please feel free to contacct me at rbm@ @macrothinkk.org If youu need furtherr information

Sinceerely,

Leonaard Bai On beehalf of: The E Editorial Boarrd of Researcch in Businesss and Manag gement Macrothink Instituute

Research in Business and Management

Editorial Team Editorial Assistant 1. Leonard Bai, Macrothink Institute, United States Editorial Board Members 1. Monika Bazyl

2. Somaye Sadat Akhshik, Ph.D. Student in knowledge and information science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran 3. Dr. Amutha Das, St.Mary’s College (Autonomous), hoothukudi, Tamilnadu, India 4. Professor Pacha Malyadri, Principal Government Degree College, Osmania University INDIA, India 5. Dr Ravi Kumar bommisetti, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineeringn College, India 6. Piotr Siemiątkowski, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland 7. Dr Prabakaran Sellamuthu, Universidad Del Norte, Colombia 8. Ms. Nimisha Kapoor, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India 9. Dr. Hussain Alsamaray, Australia 10. Dr. Naim Ahmad, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia 11. Assoc.Prof.Dr.Elbeyi Pelit, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey 12. Hasan Salih Al-Qudah Dr, Chairman Health Care &Hospital Management King Abdull Aziz University College Of Business KSU, Saudi Arabia 13. Dr. Amit Kumar Singh, Shaheed Bhagat SinghCollege,University of Delhi, India 14. Ra'ed Moh'd Taisir Masa'deh, The University of Jordan, Jordan 15. Dinh Tran ngoc Huy, International University of Japan - GSIM, and Banking University HCMC, Viet Nam 16. UWALOMWA UWUIGBE, Covenant University, Nigeria 17. Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq, University of Padova, Italy, Italy 18. Azadeh Sohrabinejad, University of science and technology of Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of 19. Dr. Davide Scaltrito, University of Turin Italy 20. Dr. Ju-Young M. Kang, University of Hawaii 21. Dr. Mehdi Rahimi, University of Bordeaux, Iran, Islamic Republic of 22. Partha Gangopadhyay, St. Cloud State University, United States 23. Dr. MELTEM GURUNLU, ISTANBUL AREL UNIVERSITY DEPT. OF INT TRADE & FINANCE, Turkey 24. Dr. Carroll Howard Griffin, Valdosta State University, United States 25. Xiang Samantha Liu, California State University, San Bernardino 26. Beenish Ameer, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 27. Iuliana MATEI, IESEG School of Management Paris, France 28. Dr. Wafa Subhi Al Tamimi, United Arab Emirates- Al Fujairah University of Creative sciences Dean of Faculty of Computing and Business,Lecturer and Supervisor of Graduate Studies. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - Amman Member of the Executive Board - Arab trainers Union Certified Trainer for Consulting and Specialized Studies, United States 29. Dr Vikas Gautam, IBS Business School Gurgaon, India 30. Dr Androniki Kavoura, Assoc. Prof. Department of Marketing, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece, Greece 31. Dr. Lin Li, Southwest University, China 32. Dr. ITAI BEERI, University of Haifa, School of Political Science, Israel 33. Dr. Christopher C Butts, K. Parks Consulting, Inc., United States 34. Dr. Anupam Sharma, Thapar University Patiala, India 35. Associate Professor Hengky Sumisto Halim, TRIGUNA, School of Economics; SHINE Institute, Indonesia

36. Dr. Mohammed Ali A Akour, Independent Research Counsultant, Jordan 37. Dr. Jesús Mirás Araujo, University of La Coruña, Spain 38. Dr. Nguyen Phuc Nguyen, The University of Da Nang, Viet Nam 39. Seyed Mahdi Vesal, Iran, Islamic Republic of 40. Dr. Amit Kumar Singh, Department of Management, Mizoram University, India 41. Dr Sathya Narayanan Sivaprakasam, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 42. Dr. Rho Taeseok, Pusan National University, Korea, Republic of 43. MARIUS COSTEL ESI, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava (Romania), Romania 44. Ahmad Mahmoud Ahmad Zamil, Middle East University, Jordan 45. K. M. Anwarul Islam, The Millennium University, Bangladesh 46. Dr. Emmanuel Erastus Yamoah, Valley View University, Ghana 47. Dr. Ali Iranmanesh, Iranian Consulting Group, Iran, Islamic Republic of 48. Dr Sorinel Capusneanu, Associate Professor, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy, "Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University, Romania 49. Dr. Dhiaa Shamki, School of Accountancy (SOA), College of Business (COB) University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 50. Muhammad Awais Bhatti, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 51. Dr. Lili Zheng, Sup de Co La Rochelle Business School, France 52. Karen Lin, University of Massachusetts, Lowell 53. Dr. Hanadi Mubarak AL-Mubaraki, Kuwait University, Kuwait 54. Dr Nazlida Muhamad, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam 55. Makarand Upadhyaya, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia 56. Dr. Jorge Manuel Marques Simoes, INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE TOMAR, Portugal 57. Mostafa Badakhshian, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Canada 58. Dr. Natalia Melgar, Department of Economics, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay 59. - Akif Lutfi Al-Khasawneh, Al-balqa Applied University, Jordan 60. Dr. Jersone Tasso Moreira Silva, FUMEC University Business Administration Graduate Program, Brazil 61. Dr. Huizhen Zhang 62. Dr. Hany H. Makhlouf, University of the District of Columbia, United States 63. regards priyono iyon priyono, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia

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International Journal of Education and Practice Online ISSN: 2310-3868 Print ISSN: 2311-6897

Editorial Board Editor In-chief

Dr. Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia [From 6th June 2016] Co-Editors-in-Chief Dr. Nehad El-Beheri, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Associate Editor Dr. Francis Hull Adams, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Development Editor Dr. Muddasir Hamid Malik, University of Kashmir, India Editorial Advisory Board

Dr Iosif Fragkoulis, Hellenic Open University, Greece Dr. Khuda Bakhsh Malik, Gomal Universioty, Pakistan Dr. Fung Chiat, Universiti Putra, Malaysia Dr. Francesca Cuzzocrea, University of Messina, Italy Dr. Mohd Shakir, Aligarh Muslim University, India Dr. Christopher Chua, Batangas State University, Batangas City Philippines, Philippines Dr. Alexandros Papadimitriou, School Advisor in the Greek Ministry of Education, Greece Dr. Abdullah Aydın, Ahi Evran University, Turkey Dr. Kamal Haider, Federal Urdu University Arts, Science and Technology Karachi, Pakistan Dr. Jake Laguador, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas City, Philippines Dr. Dr. R. Jayakumar, Tamil Nadu Teacher Education University, India Dr. Ravi Kant, M.J.P Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India Dr. Monsuru Babatunde Muraina, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Dr. Jamal khaleel Al-Khaldi, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan Dr. Jitender Kumar, University Murthal (Sonepat), Haryana, India Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, West Bengal, India Dr. Dalia Salah El-Deen Abd El-Moneem, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dr. Mohammad Ali Nasrollahi, Technical & Vocational University of Iran, Iran Dr. Rouhollah Khodabandelou, HELP University, Malaysia Dr. John Enow Tabotndip, Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria, Nigeria Dr. Patricia Pulido Willems, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Dr. Priyono, Graduate programs PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya, Indonesia Dr. Reesi Sistani Roohollah, University of Jiroft, India Romiro Gordo Bautista, University of La Salette, Philippines Lamidi Wasiu Agunbiade, Osun State University, Osogbo Mugalavai Violet Kadenyeka, Chepkoilel University College, Kenya Alexandros Papadimitriou, University of Athens, Greece R. Krishna Kumar, Annamalai University, India Paul Maithya, Thogoto Teachers College, Kenya Arburim Iseni, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Philology, State University of Tetova, Republic of Macedonia Haji Gamal Abdul Nasir Haji Zakaria, University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Eke Oyom Uduma, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Mir Abdullah Shahneaz, University of Creative Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh Paul C. Ondima, Kisii University College, Kenya Arif Mohammad, Akal College of Physical Education, India Ana Pedro, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Kemal Idrizović, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Syed Mashhood-Ur-Rahim, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Previous Editorial Board

Dr. Gamal Zakaria, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei (June, 2015- June, 2016)

International Journal of History and Cultural Studies Editorial Board

Dr Elizabeth Grant The University of Adelaide, Australia

Dr. Manisha Choudhary Department of History Faculty of social sciences,University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Reena Kannojiya Department of Philosophy University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

Dr Priyono Faculty of Economics University PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia

Dr Adeyemi Johnson ADEMOWO General Studies Department Afe Babalola University, Ado--Ekiti, Nigeria

Dr.Okoro Sylvanus Ikwor Department of History and International Relations Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Ali Yakubu Nyaaba History and political Studies PMB, Dept of History & Political Studies, KNUST Kumasi, Ghana, West Africa

Krishna Daiya Vadodaria Department of Humanity and Sciences Government Engineering College, Kalawad Road, Kankot Road, Rjakot Gujarat State, India

Dr. ManjilHazarika Department of Heritage Conservation Institute of Paleoenvironment and Heritage Conservation, Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Lopamudra Maitra Bajpai Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication (UG) Viman Nagar, Pune

International Journal of Economics and Finance Editorial Team Editor in Chief 1. Olajide S. Oladipo, York College, The City University of New York, United States Associate Editors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Alain Devalle, University of Turin, Italy Ali M. Yaftian, Deakin University, Australia Kim Man Lui, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Terrill L. Frantz, Peking University HSBC Business School, China Vasileios Bill Kallinterakis, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Editorial Assistant 1. Micheal Zhang, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. Abdelkader Aguir, University of Sousse; Institute of Political Studies (IEP) Research Laboratory Public Policy, Tunisia 2. Abd-Razak Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia 3. Agnieszka Gehringer, University of Goettingen, Germany 4. Dr. Aleksandar Vasilev, American University in Bulgaria, Bulgaria 5. Ph.D. Alexandre Ripamonti, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil 6. Professor Alina Badulescu, University of Oradea, Romania 7. Amir Arjomandi, University of Wollongong, Australia 8. Andreea Stoian, Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania 9. Anis Ochi, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Tunis., Tunisia 10. Dr. Asmaa I Al-Amarneh, Private Applied science University, Jordan, Jordan 11. Augustin Mbemba, Morgan State University, United States 12. Bakhtear Talukdar, Florida International University 11200 SW 8th ST Miami FL 33199 USA, United States 13. Dr Behrooz Gharleghi, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia 14. Bogdan Gabriel Zugravu, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Al.I.Cuza University of Iasi, Romania 15. Carlo Alberto Magni, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy 16. Cheng-Te Lee, Chinese Culture University, Taiwan 17. Dr. Chinwen Huang, Western Connecticut State University, United States 18. Dr Christos Kallandranis, Regent’s Unversity London, United Kingdom

19. Cosimo Magazzino, Roma Tre University, Italy 20. Cristian Marian Barbu, ARTIFEX University, Romania 21. Cuong Do, Institute of Economics, NPA Hanoi, Vietnam, Australia 22. Mr Daniel Adrian Gardan, Spiru Haret University, Romania 23. Daniel Badulescu, University of Oradea, Romania 24. Dr Daniel Domeher, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), School of Business, Ghana 25. Dien Vu, Kyoto University, Japan 26. Dror Parnes, University of South Florida, United States 27. Dr Duc H Vo, Economic Regulation Authority, Australia 28. Dr Eadala Lokanadha Reddy, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg & Tech, India 29. Elisabet Ruiz-Dotras 30. Esen Onur, California State University, United States 31. Evelyn Shyamala Devadason, University of Malaya, Malaysia 32. Fabrizio Rossi, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy 33. Dr. Fayaz Ahmad Lone, Assistant Professor Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia 34. Francesco Scalera, University of Bari, Italy 35. Francesco Zirilli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy 36. George Abuselidze, Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia 37. George Tzagkarakis, EONOS Investment Technologies, France 38. Dr. Ghassan Hanna, Southern New Hampshire University, United States 39. Girish G P, IBS Hyderabad, IFHE University, India 40. Giscard Assoumou Ella, LEAD Economics Research Center, University of Toulon, France 41. Giuseppe Scandurra, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Italy 42. Dr. Hai Long, Edith Cowan University, Australia 43. Haitham Nobanee, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates 44. Hanna Trojanowska, Siedlce University, Poland 45. Professor Hisham Handal Abdelbaki, Mansoura University, Egypt 46. Huijian Dong, Pacific University, United States 47. Hussain Ali Bekhet, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia 48. Ian McFarlane, University of Reading, United Kingdom 49. Inga Chira, Oregon State University, United States 50. Irene Wei Kiong Ting, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia 51. Ireneusz Jazwinski, University of Szczecin, Poland 52. Jabrane AMAGHOUSS, Cadi Ayyad university, Morocco 53. James E. Cicon, New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States 54. Jeng-Yan Tsai, Tamkang University, Taiwan, Province of China 55. Jin Yong Yang, Hankook university of foreign studies, Korea, Republic Of 56. Assistant Professor, K. M. Anwarul Islam, The Millennium University, Bangladesh 57. Dr Kesseven Padachi, School of Accounting, Finance and Economics University, Mauritius 58. KiHoon Jimmy Hong, University of Technology, Sydney 59. Dr. L. Leo Franklin, JJ. College of Arts and Science, India 60. Luca Sensini, University of Salerno, Italy 61. Marcus Wiens, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany 62. prof. Mansoor Maitah, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic 63. Dr María-Dolores Guillamón, University of Murcia, Spain

64. Maria do Céu Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, Portugal 65. María Elena Tavera, Polytechnic National Institute, Mexico 66. Maria Hilal, ANTONINE University, Lebanon 67. Marisa Faggini, University of Salerno, Italy 68. Mihaela Simionescu (Bratu), Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Romanian Academy from Bucharest, Romania 69. Mohamed Sherif, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom 70. Dr Mohammad I. D. Tayeh, The University of Jordan, Jordan 71. Dr. Mohammed Nur Hussain, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Malaysia 72. Mohammed Seghir Guellil, Poldeva Laboratory, University of Tlemcen, Algeria 73. Moorad Choudhry, Brunel University, United Kingdom 74. Professor Neel Mani Prasad Verma, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, India 75. Patrice Charlier, EM Strasbourg Business School, University of Strasbourg, France 76. Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland 77. Peibiao Zhao, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China 78. Periklis Gogas, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 79. Dr. Pierre Nguimkeu, Georgia State University, United States 80. Piotr Misztal, Technical University of Radom, Poland 81. Dr. Prasad Vemala, McNeese State University, United States 82. Mr. Prince Doliya, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India 83. Dr. priyono - -, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 84. Dr. Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia 85. Mr Qian Long Kweh, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia 86. Richard Paul Gregory, East Tennessee State University, United States 87. Rita Yi Man Li, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong 88. Prof Robin Luo, ALHOSN University, United Arab Emirates 89. Robin Maialeh, University of Economics in Prague, Czech Republic 90. Samuel O. Imarhiagbe, Midwest Finance Association, United States 91. Sang-Bing Tsai, Prof., Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China 92. Shu-Hwa Chih, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, Province of China 93. Dr Socrates Karidis, University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom 94. Dr Son Hong Nghiem, University of Queensland, Australia 95. Sorinel Capusneanu, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Romania 96. Srinivasan Palamalai, Department of Economics, Christ University, India 97. Suleyman Degirmen, Mersin University, Turkey 98. Dr. Svend Reuse, FOM, HRW, Masaryk University Brno, Germany 99. Szabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala 100. Dr Tameur Nachef, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Qatar 101. Dr. Taoufik Bouraoui, ESC Rennes School of Business, France 102. Prof. Dr. Tristan Nguyen, Fresenius University, Munich, Germany 103. Tudor Ciumara, "Victor Slavescu" Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romania 104. Turan Subasat, University of Bath and Izmir University of Economics, United Kingdom 105. Vilas Bhau Gaikar, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Economics, Smt. Chm. College, University of Mumbai, India 106. Dr. Wei Wan, Claflin University, United States

107. 108. 109. 110.

Yinghong Zhang, Lally School of Management and Technology, United States Dr Yong Kang Cheah, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Yu Chen, Texas A&M International University, United States Zhensheng Huang, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China

International Journal of Economics and Finance ISSN 1916-971X (Print) ISSN 1916-9728 (Online) Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.

International Journal of Business and Management

Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief

1. Dr Mehdi Zahaf, University of Ottawa, Canada Associate Editors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Amalia Carrasco Gallego, Seville University, Spain Cyril Foropon, University of Manitoba, Canada Francesco Scalera, University of Bari, Italy Ki-Hoon Lee, Griffith University, Australia Mattia Iotti, University of Parma, Italy

Editorial Assistants 1. Minny Wang, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada 2. Stephen Lee, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. Abdallah Mohamed Elamin, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia 2. Dr Abdul Kadir Othman, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia 3. Adnan Iqbal, Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia 4. Agnieszka Zakrzewska-Bielawska, Lodz University of Technology, Poland 5. Dr. Ahmad Rafiki, University College of Bahrain, Bahrain 6. Ajay Garg, TUT Business School, South Africa 7. Dr Alberto Posso, RMIT University, Australia 8. Amalia Carrasco Gallego, Seville University, Spain 9. Dr Anant R Deshpande, SUNY Empire State College, United States 10. Andre Uhde, University of Paderborn, Germany 11. Dr Andreas Alexander Jobst, Bermuda Monetary Authority (BMA), Bermuda 12. Dr Anne-Laure Mention, Centre de recherche public Henri Tudor, Luxembourg 13. Dr. Asha Sharma, Jai Narain Vyas University, India 14. Mr. Ashish Gupta, Department of Business Management Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP Near Nepal Palace, New Building, Sagar, MP (India)470003, India 15. Andrea Stocchetti, Ca' Foscari University, Italy 16. Dr. Arvind Kumar Bhatt, Addis Ababa Science & Technology University, Ethiopia 17. Ashraf Mohammad Alrjoub, Al Balqa Applied University- Jordan, Jordan 18. Azam Malik, Aligarh Musilm University Aligarh, India 19. Bande Subhan, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India 20. Dr Banjo Roxas, University of Southern Queensland, Australia 21. Dr Behrooz Gharleghi, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia 22. Professor Benjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, Nigeria 23. Bharti Venkatesh, VNS, Instituteof Management, India 24. Dr Bhavik Panchasara, Gujarat Technological University, India 25. DR. Biqing Huang, Angelo State University, United States 26. Biswajit Satpathy, Sambalpur University, India 27. Bommisetti Ravi KUMAR, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, India 28. Assistant Professor Brain Ping-Fu Lai, United International College, Hong Kong 29. Britta Boyd, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

30. Carlo Alberto Magni, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy 31. Dr. Chahir Raouf Zaki, Cairo University, Egypt 32. Dr. Charles G. Kamau, County Government of Bungoma, Kibabii University College, JKUAT, Kenya 33. Dr Christiana Ierodiakonou, University of Cyprus, Cyprus 34. Christoph Markert, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia 35. Dr. Claudia De Fuentes, Saint Mary's University, Sobey School of Business, Canada 36. Cristina Mele, University of Naples Federico II, Italy 37. David Ferreira Lopes Santos, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista (Sao Paulo State University), Brazil 38. David Knox Aylward, University of Technology, Australia 39. Diane L Ferry, University of Delaware, United States 40. Dr Dieu Hack-Polay, London South Bank University (UK), China Agricultural University (China) 41. Dr Dimitrios Vortelinos, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom 42. Dodi Wirawan Irawanto, Brawijaya University, Indonesia 43. DonHee Lee, Keimyung University, Korea, Republic Of 44. Dzingai Nyahunzvi, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe 45. Dr. Ehsan Khansalar, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom 46. Eleonora Paolocci, IULM University, Milan, Italy, Italy 47. Dr. Elina Eleni Michopoulou, University of Derby, United Kingdom 48. Ewa Ziemba, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland 49. Eric Jean, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada 50. Fabio Zona, Bocconi University, Italy 51. Federica Palumbo, Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), Italy 52. Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania 53. Giuseppe Granata, Univeristy of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy 54. Dr. Haidar Abbas, Aligarh Muslim University, India, India 55. Francesca Visintin, University of Udine, Italy 56. Francesco Ciampi, Florence University, Italy 57. Francesco Rizzi, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Istituto di Management, Italy 58. Dr. Francine Vachon, Goodman School of Business, Brock University, Canada 59. Dr. Francisco Liébana-Cabanillas, University of Granada, Spain 60. Frederik Kunze, NORD/LB Norddeutsche Landesbank, Germany 61. Dr. Gabriel Dwomoh, Kumasi Polytechnic, Ghana 62. Dr GD Singh, Indian Management Academy-IMA, India 63. Prof. George S. Oreku, TIRDO/North West University, Tanzania, United Republic Of 64. Gérard Hirigoyen, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux 4, France 65. Dr. Ghassan F Hanna, Southern New Hampshire University, United States 66. Hafizi Muhamad Ali, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 67. Hanna Trojanowska, Siedlce University, Poland 68. Harun Kaya, Faculty of Business, Istanbul University, Turkey 69. Helge Löbler, University of Leipzig, Germany 70. Associate Professor Hengky Sumisto Halim, TRIGUNA, School of economics; SHINE Institute, Indonesia 71. Huijian Dong, Pacific University, United States 72. Hyung Seok Lee, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Republic Of 73. Dr. Indradevi Balasundaram, VIT UNIVERSITY, India 74. Ionel BOSTAN, "Al. I. Cuza" University Iasi, Romania

75. Dr. Jalil Khavand Kar, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Iran, Islamic Republic Of 76. Jamal Hasan, University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia 77. Javier Delgado Ceballos, University of Granada, Spain 78. Dr Jayalakshmy Ramachandran, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia 79. Jesús Mirás, University of La Coruña, Spain 80. Johan Håkansson, Dalarna University, Sweden 81. dr Joanna Radomska, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland 82. Jose Carlos Sanchez Garcia, Salamanca University, Spain 83. Dr. JOSE SOLANA IBÁÑEZ, University Centre of Defence at the Spanish Air Force Academy;Spanish Ministry of Defence - Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT)., Spain 84. Juan Manuel San Martín Reyna, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico 85. Dr. Kapil Jain, Devi Ahilya University, India 86. Kenneth Kungu, Tennessee State University, United States 87. Dr. Kleanthis K. Katsaros, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece 88. RSRK Kiran Kumar, Sri Vasavi Engineering College, India 89. Kurtulus Yilmaz Genc, Giresun University Faculty of Business and Administrative Sciences, Turkey 90. Dr. Laszlo Sajtos, The University of Auckland Business School, New Zealand 91. Dr. Léopold Lessassy, University of Grenoble, France 92. Dr. Lew Sook Ling, Multimedia University, Malaysia 93. Liem Viet Ngo, University of New South Wales, Australia 94. Llandis Gareth Barratt Barratt-Pugh, Edith Cowan University, Australia 95. Prof. Luisa Helena Pinto, University of Porto School of Economics, Portugal 96. Dr Luke Downey, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 97. Dr. Mahdi Salehi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 98. Dr Mamilla Rajesh, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India 99. Asst. Prof Manish Roy Tirkey, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, India 100. Dr. Manoj Mohanty, India 101. prof. Mansoor Maitah, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic 102. Ass. Prof. Mara Del Baldo, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Italy 103. Professor Marc D. Weiner, The State University of New Jersey, United States 104. María-Teresa Méndez, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 105. Marius Iulian Mihailescu, Romania 106. Dr. Mark Alan Heuer, Susquehanna University, United States 107. Dr. Maureen Muller-Kahle, The Pennsylvania State University York, United States 108. Dr Mehdi Zahaf, University of Ottawa, Canada 109. Mercedes Inda, University of Oviedo, Spain 110. Md Samim Al-Azad, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Korea, Republic Of 111. Miguel-Ángel Galindo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain 112. Mihaela Simionescu (Bratu), Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Romanian Academy from Bucharest, Romania 113. Dr Mohamed Osman Shereif Mahdi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia

114. Dr. Mostafa Mohamed Alkerdawy, Damietta University, Faculty of Commerce, Business Administration Department, Egypt., Egypt 115. Mohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia 116. Dr. Mpho Mmannana Pheko, Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Botswana 117. Muhammad Madi Bin Abdullah, Multimedia University (MMU) Malaysia, Malaysia 118. Muhammad Mohiuddin, School of Business and Economics Thomson Rivers University, Canada 119. Munther Barakat Al-Nimer, Applied Science University, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Science, Accounting Department Jordan-Amman (11931), P.O. Box (166), Jordan 120. Murad Ali, Inha University, Korea, Republic Of 121. Dr N Maruti Rao, Rani Channamma University, India 122. Dr Nadir Ali Kolachi, Skyline University, United Arab Emirates 123. Nedal Sawan, Liverpool Business School, United Kingdom 124. Professor Neeraja Vijay, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute,Maduravoyal, India 125. Nermeen Fathy Shehata, Cairo University, Egypt 126. Dr. Nermine Magdy Atteya, State University of New York at Oswego, United States 127. Nitin Simha Vihari, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Roorkee, India 128. Nguyen Phuc Nguyen, Da Nang University of Economics, Viet Nam 129. Dr. Niccolò Gordini, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy 130. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noor Mohammad, Universitiy Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) & Founding Chairman, Humanity Research Foundation Jhenidah (HRFJ), Bangladesh, a registered NGO approved via: Jheni 914/14; Serial No: 0122749 & Date: 06-03-2014., Malaysia 131. Prof. Olivier Colot, UMONS, Belgium 132. Ömür Tosun, Akdeniz University, Turkey 133. Dr.Ozgur DEMIRTAS, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey 134. Dr. Parul Malik, Stratford University, India 135. Paul William Combs, Marymount University, United States 136. Pedro Ferreira, IPAM, Portugal 137. Peter Kien-hong Yu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 138. Dr Phyra Sok, Charles Sturt University, Australia 139. Ponsan Rojanapanich, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand 140. Dr. Pragya Sharma, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Management, India 141. Dr Praveen Kumar, Bharath School of Business, Bharath University, India, India 142. Dr. priyono - -, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 143. R Jayam R Jayam, Dr MGR Educational & Research Institute, University, India 144. Rabia Khatun, International Management Institute, India 145. Ramaiyer Subramanian, Multimedia University Malaysia, Malaysia 146. Dr. Ramil Maano Perez, Eastern Visayas State University, Philippines 147. Dr. Renata Korsakiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania 148. Ricardo Alejandro Rodríguez de la Vega, Rafael Clavijo Canary Foundation, Spain

149. Prof. Dr. Ricardo Rodrigues, NECE - University of Beira Interior, Portugal 150. Dr. Ritu Gupta, Kamla Lohtia S.D. College Ludhiana, India 151. Roberto Bruni, University of Salerno, Italy 152. Dr. Robert C. Paul, Kennesaw State University, United States 153. Robert Smith, The Robert Gordon University, United Kingdom 154. Dr. Roberto Bergami, Victoria University, Australia 155. Dr. Run Niu, Webster University, United States 156. Dr. Sachin Madhavrao Kanawade, Pravara Rural Education Society’s, Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, A/PChincholi,Tal-Sinnar,Dist-Nashik,MS, India – 422101. www.svitnashik.in, India 157. Sang-Bing Tsai, Prof., Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China 158. Dr. Sathya Swaroop Debasish, Utkal University, India 159. Simona Mina, University Ovidius of Constanta, Romania 160. Simone Caschili, University College London, United Kingdom 161. Simone Selva, University of Bologna, Italy 162. Dr Sorinel Capusneanu, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Romania 163. Syed Tehseen Jawaid, IQRA University, Pakistan 164. Stephen Duarte, Concordia University, United States 165. Dr. Sung-Hee "Sunny" Park, Dalton State College, United States 166. Syed Ali Raza, IQRA University, Pakistan 167. Dr. Tawei (David) Wang, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States 168. Terrill L. Frantz, Peking University HSBC Business School, China 169. Tony Wijaya, IEU Business School, Indonesia 170. Ubaldo Comite, University of Calabria, Italy 171. Vanesa Solís Rodríguez, University of Oviedo, Spain 172. Vera Palea, Department of Economics and Statistics "Cognetti de Martiis", University of Turin, Italy 173. Virginia Barba-Sánchez, Castilla-La Mancha University, Spain 174. Dr Viswanadhan K G, NSS College of Engineering, India 175. Wi Saeng KIM, Hofstra University, United States 176. Xiangzhou Zhang, Sun Yat-sen University, China 177. Xiaoqun Zhang, Bowling Green State University, United States 178. Xiumei Shi, Dalian university of Foreign Languages, China 179. Dr. Xuewu Wesley Wang, Bucknell University, United States 180. Yasean Tahat, Al Al-bayt University, Jordan 181. Dr. Yee Yen Yuen, Multimedia University, Malaysia 182. Yener Kandogan, University of Michigan-Flint, United States 183. Dr. Yuhui Gao, Dublin City University, Ireland 184. Mr. YunHwa Chiang, Department of Business Adminstration MingChuan University, Taiwan, Province of China

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March 8, 2015 Program Study Management Economics Faculty Universities PGRI adi buana Indonesia Dear Dr. Pri Priyono, It is with great pleasure that we are able to offer you a position at the Canadian Center of Science and Education as a reviewer of Modern Applied Science (ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852). The term is from March 7, 2015 to March 7, 2016. We are very pleased to offer you the position and are sure that you will make a superb addition to our journal. If you have any questions, please contact me at any time. Sincerely,

Sunny Lee On behalf of: The Editorial Board of Modern Applied Science Canadian Center of Science and Education

Modern Applied Science

Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Salam Bash AlMaliky, AlMustansiriya University Ohio University, United States Associate Editors 1. 2. 3. 4.

Carlos Alberto Bazan, San Diego State University, United States Carolina Font Palma, University of Leeds, United Kingdom Jill Smith, University of York, United Kingdom Jin Zhang, University of California, United States

Editorial Assistant 1. Sunny Lee, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. Abdelhakim EL OUADIH, Royal Air Academy, University of CADI AYYAD , Marrakesh, Morocco, Morocco 2. Dr Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Universiti Sains Malaysia 3. Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia 4. Dr Aiping Zeng, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States

5. Alessandro Filisetti, European Centre for Living Technology, S.Marco 2940 - 30124 Venice (IT), Italy 6. Alhussein Mohammed Assiry, Agricultural Engineering Department, Saudi Arabia 7. Ashraf Maher Abdel Ghaffar, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt 8. Anna Grana, University of Palermo, Italy 9. Antonio Camarena-Ibarrola, Mexico 10. Antonio Comi, Italy 11. Arvin Emadi, Maxim Integrated Inc. 160 Rio Robles 95135 CA San Jose USA, United States 12. Atul Singh, Harvard Medical School, United States 13. Dr. Bakytzhan Kallemov, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, United States 14. Bayram KIZILKAYA, ÇANAKKALE ONSEKIZ MART UNIVERSITY, Science and Technology Application and Research Center-CENTRAL LAB., Turkey 15. Christakis Constantinides, Cyprus 16. Cristian Lussana, ARPA Lombardia, Italy 17. CHI-LUN Gillan Huang, Department of Public Administration, National Chengchi University, Taiwan 18. Cristina Damian, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Faculty of Food Engineering, Romania 19. Christoph Maria Ravesloot, Rotterdam University of Applied Science, Netherlands 20. Cheng Zhang, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China 21. Daniela Popescu, Technical University "Gheorghe Asachi" of Iasi, Romania 22. Danilo Godone, Turin University - Research Centre on Natural Risks in Mountain and Hilly Enviroments (NatRisk), Italy 23. Professor Daniel Kammen, University of California, United States 24. Professor David Johnson, University of Waterloo, Canada 25. Dinesh Sathyamoorthy, Science & Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE), Ministry of Defence, Malaysia 26. Dr Dhiral Shah, United States 27. Dr. Encarnacion Álvarez-Verdejo, University of Granada, Spain 28. Florica Manea, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Inorganic Compounds and Environment, Romania 29. Francesco Caruso, ETH Zürich, Institut für Baustoffe (IfB), Switzerland 30. Francisco Regateiro, Technical University of Lisbon Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal 31. Gagan Kumar, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, United States 32. Gobithaasan R.U, School of Informatics & Applied Mathematics, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia 33. Guy L Plourde, University of Northern BC, Canada 34. Hi Dr. Hani Abdullah Alhadrami, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department of Medical Technology, P.O.Box. 80324, Jeddah 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,, Saudi Arabia 35. Hatem M. Gaber, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Egypt 36. hussein hade, Physics department, college of sciences, Thi-qar university 37. Hui Zhang, University of California San Diego, United States 38. Hwee-San Lim, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia

39. ILki KIM, North Carolina A&T State University 40. Ioannis Gkigkitzis, Mathematics Department East Carolina University, United States 41. Isidro Machado, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Spain 42. Jacek S. Leszczynski, Professor AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Energy and Fuels Deprtment of Hydrogen Energy, Poland 43. Jackson Jackson Souza-Menezes, Brazil 44. Jae Woo Lee, Inha University, Korea, Republic Of 45. James Manwell, University of Massachusetts in Amherst, United States 46. Professor Jehn-Ruey Jiang, National Central University, Taiwan 47. Jiantao Guo, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, United States 48. Ji Ma, Kent State Univeristy, United States 49. John Eric Nestler Jensen, Harvard Medical School, United States 50. jonathon Chambers 51. Jude A Abia, Northeastern State University, United States 52. Julien Wist, Universidad del Valle, Colombia 53. Junjie Lu, Harvard Medical School / Brigham & Women's Hospital, United States 54. Julio Javier Castillo, National University of Cordoba / National Technological University, Argentina 55. Kai Wei, University of Massachusetts, United States 56. Kenier Castillo, Universidade Estadual Paulista- IBILCE/UNESP, Brazil 57. Krishna Bahadur Chetry, Western Digital , Fremont California, United States 58. Lazaros Elias MAVROMATIDIS, France 59. Lei Zhou, Department of Molecular Cardiology Texas Heart Institute, United States 60. Levent Kurt, Borough of Manhattan Community College The City University of New York, United States 61. Liang Yu, Washington State University, United States 62. luigi di sarno, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy, Italy 63. Dr Ly-Fie Sugianto, Monash University, Australia 64. prof. Mansoor Maitah, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic 65. Marc-Eric Halatsch, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Germany 66. Marek Brabec, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic 67. Mattia De Agostino, Italy 68. Dr. Meenu Vikram, Texas A&M University, United States 69. Miroslaw Majkut, Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Poland 70. Mohd Ashraf Ahmad, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia 71. Miguel Angel Carvajal Rodriguez, Departament of Electronics Uiversity of Granada, Spain 72. Miguel Nuno Miranda, National Laboratory of Engineering and Geology (LNEG), Portugal 73. Milan Vukicevic, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro 74. Mingxin Li, University of Delaware, United States 75. Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh 76. Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt

77. Mohamed A Sharaf, Suez Canal University, Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Engineering Science Department., Egypt 78. Prof. Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 79. Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi, University Technology Malaysia Urmia University, Malaysia 80. Mohammed Al-Abri, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman 81. Mohd Afizi Mohd Shukran, Malaysia 82. Dr Mohd Hafizi Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 83. Monica Caniupan, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile 84. Monica Carvalho, Universidade Federal da Paraíba UFPB, Brazil 85. Monika Maksymiliana Gontarska, Poland 86. Muhammad Raza, Sweden 87. Musa Mailah, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 88. Dr Narayan Ramappa Birasal, KLE Society's G H College, Haveri - 581110, Karnataka state, India, India 89. Natalya Sergeevna Ivanova, Botanical Garden of Ural Branch RAS, Russian Federation 90. Ovunc Ozturk, Celal Bayar University, Turkey 91. Dr. PAVAN KUMAR, Department of Mathematics, IIS UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR302020. 92. Panqing Gao, University of North Dakota 93. Paul Cleveland, Griffith University, Australia 94. Dr. priyono - -, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 95. Profº Pauli A. A. Garcia, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil 96. Paul William Hyland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia 97. Peter Kusch, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany 98. Dr. Peng Zhang, Stony Brook University, United States 99. Prabir Daripa, Texas A&M University at College Station, United States 100. Prabir Sarker, Curtin University of Technology, Australia 101. Qiang Bai, CH2M HILL, United States 102. Rajiv Pandey, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, India 103. Ricardo Ondarza-Rovira, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Department of Physics, Mexico 104. Dr. (Eng) Rostyslav Sklyar, Ukraine 105. Rosa Maria Garcia-Fernandez, Granada University, Spain 106. Robello Samuel, Halliburton, University of Houston Texas Tech University, United States 107. Sang-Bing Tsai, Prof., Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China 108. Dr Sankaranarayanan Murugan, Professor Department of Information Technology Sathyabama University, India 109. Saeed Doroudiani, Canada 110. Dr. Samendra Prasad Sherchan, University of Arizona, United States 111. Sanjar Abrarov, York University, Canada 112. Sarhan Musa, Prairie View A&M University, United States 113. Sevgihan YILDIZ BIRCAN, United Kingdom 114. Shan Jiang, University of Missouri, United States 115. Shivanand R Wasan, Catholic University, Belgium, Belgium 116. Srikanth Pilla, Stanford University, United States 117. Stanislaw Paul Maj, Edith Cowan University, Australia

118. Stefanos Dailianis, University of Patras, Greece 119. Suchada Chanprateep, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand 120. Sujatha C.H, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India 121. Supakit Wongwiwatthananukit, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii, United States 122. Sutopo Hadi, Department of Chemistry, University of Lampung, Indonesia 123. Takuya Yamano, Kanagawa University, Japan 124. Tathagata Mukherjee, Seagate Technology, United States 125. Tharek Rahman, Universiti teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 126. Tugba Ozacar, Celal Bayar University, Turkey 127. Umer Rashid, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Malaysia 128. Valentina Ferretti, Politecnico of Torino, Italy 129. Valter Aragao Nascimento, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 130. Veera Gnaneswar Gude, United States 131. Veerakumar Venugopal, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, United States 132. Veeranun Pongsapukdee, Silpakorn University, Thailand 133. Vembu Ananthaswamy, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, India 134. Dr Venkatesh Govindarajan, Researcher, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway - 7491, India 135. VIJAY KARTHIK SANKAR, Seagate Technologies LLC, United States 136. Volodimir Michaylovich Simulik, Institute of Electron Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 21 Universitetska Str. 88000 Uzhgorod Ukraine, Ukraine 137. Wenzhong Zhou, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States 138. Docotor Yonghong Meng, Shaanxi normal university, China, China 139. Yating Hu, Middle Tennessee State University, United States 140. Yijun Liu, Shaw Energy & Chemicals Inc., United States 141. Yilun Shang, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 142. Dr. Yogesh Bhagwan Patil, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India 143. Yu Dong, Curtin University of Technology, Australia 144. Yuriy Evgenyevich Gorbachev, Russian Federation 145. Mr Zairi Ismael Rizman, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 146. Zhenze Li, University of Ottawa, Canada

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Review of European Studies

Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Michael W. Popejoy, Florida International University, United States Associate Editors 1. Ifigeneia Vamvakidou, University of Western Macedonia, Greece

2. Ioannis Liritzis, University of the Aegean, Greece 3. Sonia Hirt, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States 4. Vania Ceccato, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Editorial Assistant 1. Paige Dou, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. Adrian James Barton, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom 2. Agnieszka Szpak, Nicolas Copernicus University, Poland 3. Alberto Dell'Acqua, Sda Bocconi School of Management, Italy 4. Alireza Salehi Nejad, University of Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 5. Dr Ana Souto, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom 6. Anirban Sengupta, Director Analysis Research Planning Corporation, United States 7. Anna Grana, University of Palermo, Italy 8. Professor Annalisa Pavan, University of Padova, Italy 9. Anwar Khan, COMSATS University of Information Technology, Pakistan 10. Apostolos G. Papadopoulos, Harokopio University, Greece 11. Borja Ruiz-Apilánez, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain 12. Camilla Matera, University of Florence, Italy 13. Carmen Ramos, University of Oviedo, Spain 14. Chiara Feliziani, University of Macerata, Italy 15. Davide Ponzini, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Italy 16. Efstathios Stefos, University of the Aegean, Greece 17. Emilio Greco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy 18. Eugenia Panitsides, University of Macedonia, Greece 19. Fernando Brandão Alves, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto, Portugal 20. Florica Brasoveanu, Ovidius University Constanza, Romania 21. Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania 22. Francine C Jellesma, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands 23. Galina Surovitskaya, Moscow State University named after K.G. Razumovsky, Russian Federation 24. Geomina Turlea, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Romanian Center for Economic Modelling, Spain 25. Doctor George Earl Touche, Texas A&M University, United States 26. Gethin Rees, University of Southampton, United Kingdom 27. Greta Squire, University of Brighton, United Kingdom 28. Hongyu Wang, University of International Business and Economics, China 29. Iliana Olivie, Complutense University of Madrid / Elcano Royal Institute, Spain 30. Iuliana Botezan, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain 31. Ivana Dobrotic, University of Zagreb, Croatia 32. Jason Roach, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom 33. Dr. Jessica L. McManus, Carroll College, United States

34. John A Winterdyk, Mount Royal University, Canada 35. José Noronha Rodrigues, Azores University - Portugal, Portugal 36. Juan Jose Jimenez-Anca, Aston University, UK 37. Karina Oborune, University of Lucerne, Switzerland University of Oxford, UK 38. Katja Eman, University of Maribor, Slovenia 39. Kimberly Schutte, State University of New York, United States 40. Lena Arampatzidou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 41. Leonardo Menchini, UNICEF, Egypt 42. Levi Pérez, University of Oviedo, Spain 43. Luz Paramio, University of Azores, Portugal 44. Ioannis Kyriakakis, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus 45. prof. Mansoor Maitah, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic 46. Maria Partalidou, ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI GREECE, Greece 47. Marinko Skare, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia 48. Meirong Liu, Howard University, United States 49. Michal Kruk, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland 50. Mihalis Mentinis, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de CHile, Chile 51. Miroslaw Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland 52. Murat Oturakci, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey 53. Nunzia Di Cristo Bertali, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom 54. Paulo Vila Maior, University Fernando Pessoa, Portugal 55. Dr. priyono - -, pgri adi buana university, Indonesia 56. Rense Nieuwenhuis, Stockholm University, Sweden 57. Ronald James Scott, Leading-Edge Research Institute, United States 58. Dr. Saijun Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States 59. Salem abdulateef Thawaba, Birzeit University, Palestinian Territory, Occupied 60. Sandro Serpa, University of the Azores, Portugal 61. Satu Uusiautti, University of Lapland, Finland 62. Serdar Yilmaz, World Bank, United States 63. Stephen Tripodi, Florida State University, United States 64. Dr Tasha R Howe, Humboldt State University, United States 65. Tryfon Korontzis, Hellenic National School of Local Government, Greece 66. Dr. Will Miller, Flagler College, United States

Review of European Studies ISSN 1918-7173 (Print) ISSN 1918-7181 (Online) Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.

Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Dr Caroline J Speed, Monash University, Australia Associate Editors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Dr. Andrew Courtner, Tennessee Technological University, United States Prof. Annalisa Pavan, University of Padova, Italy Dr. Charles H Belanger, Laurentian University, Canada Dr Charles Kivunja, University of New England, Australia Associate Professor Dawn Joseph, Deakin University, Australia Nina Sergeyevna Evstropova, Samara University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Russian Federation 7. Prof. dr. Wilfried Admiraal, Leiden University, Netherlands Editorial Assistant 1. Susan Sun, Sciedu Press, Canada Editorial Board Members 1. 2. 3. 4.

Dr. Bradley H Smith, University of South Carolina, United States Dr. Caulyne Barron, Dunlap-Stone University, United States Dr David Ison, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide, United States Dr. Elise Langan, Middle Georgia State College (USG) & New York University, United States 5. Dr. Eric Pappas, James Madison University, United States 6. Professor Fátima Pereira, Porto University, Portugal 7. Dr Gunawardena Egodawatte, Ryerson University, Canada 8. Dr. Heike Behle, University of Warwick, United Kingdom 9. Dr Ingrid Harrington, UNE, Australia 10. Dr. Jeffery Wilson, University of Memphis, United States 11. José Sánchez-Santamaría, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain 12. Dr. Lisa D Weaver, Lock Haven University, United States 13. Dr. Louis S. Nadelson, Utah State University, United States 14. Professor María Rosario Hernández, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Mexico 15. Dr Marianna Papastephanou, University of Cyprus, Cyprus 16. Dr. Michaela Cocca, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico 17. Associate Professor Dr. Mohamad Hisyam Mohd. Hashim, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia 18. Nerina Fernanda Sarthou, University of Central Buenos Aires, Argentina 19. Dr. Nicholas James Shudak, University of South Dakota, United States 20. Nowreyah Ahmed Al-Nouh, College of Basic Education, Kuwait 21. Dr. Patricia Stringer, Emirates College for Advanced Education, New Zealand 22. Mr. Priyono Iyon Priyono, Universities Bina Darma Palembang, Indonesia 23. Dr Shaynah Neshama-Bannister, Azusa Pacific University, United States

24. Sonia Maria Gomez Puente, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 25. Dr Sorrel Penn-Edwards, Griffith University, Australia 26. Dr Stephen Keast, Monash University, Australia 27. Mr. Uqbah Iqbal, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 28. Victor Aleksandrovich Pushnykh, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation 29. Ying Huang, Michigan State University, United States

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The Editorial Board of International Business Research Canadian Center of Science and Education 1120 Finch Avenue West, Suite 701-309 Toronto, ON., M3J 3H7, Canada Tel: 1-416-642-2606 Fax: 1-416-642-2608 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://ibr.ccsenet.org

August 4, 2016

Certification Pri Priyono, Dr., Universitas Bina Darma, has become a member of the editorial board and

regular reviewer of the International Business Research (IBR). IBR is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.

If you have any questions, please contact me at any time. Sincerely,

Kevin Duran On behalf of: The Editorial Board of International Business Research Canadian Center of Science and Education

International Business Research Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief 1. Rafael Hernandez Barros, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Associate Editors 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ahmad Mahmoud Ahmad Zamil, Middle East University, Jordan Manlio Del Giudice, University of Rome "Link Campus", Italy Michaela Maria Schaffhauser-Linzatti, University of Vienna, Austria Olszak Celina, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland

Editorial Assistant 1. Kevin Duran, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada Reviewers 1. Ahmad Shukri Yazid, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia 2. Ahmed H. Tolba, The American University in Cairo, Egypt 3. Ajit Kumar Kar, WOMS India & BIITM, India 4. Alina Badulescu, University of Oradea, Romania 5. Alina Cristina Nuta, Danubius University, Romania 6. Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean Univeristy, Cyprus 7. Alireza Miremadi, Iran, Islamic Republic of 8. Amaresh C. Das, Southern University at New Orleans, United States 9. Amran Awang, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia 10. Anant R. Deshpande, SUNY Empire State College, United States 11. Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, Danubius University, Romania 12. Anna Helena Jankowiak, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland 13. Anna Paola Micheli, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy 14. Antônio André Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, Brazil 15. Arash Riasi, University of Delaware, United States 16. Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, United States 17. Aurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania 18. Badar Alam Iqbal, Aligarh Muslim University, Switzerland 19. Behrooz Gharleghi, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia 20. Benjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, Nigeria 21. Biljana Petrevska, Goce Delcev University of Stip, Macedonia 22. Biqing Huang, Angelo State University, United States 23. Carlo Alberto Magni, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy

24. Carlo Amenta, University of Palermo, Italy 25. Cristian Marian Barbu, ARTIFEX University, Romania 26. Eleonora Paolocci, IULM University, Milan, Italy 27. Emilio Congregado, University of Huelva, Spain 28. Eva Mira Bolfíková, Univerzity of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Slovakia 29. Ewa Ziemba, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland 30. Fabrizio Rossi, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy 31. Fadi Alkaraan, Grafton College of Management Sciences, Ireland 32. Feng Shen, Saint Joseph's University, United States 33. Fevzi Esen, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey 34. Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania 35. Foued Hamouda, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Tunisia 36. Francesco Ciampi, Florence University, Italy 37. Francesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy 38. Gengeswari Krishnapillai, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia 39. Georgeta Dragomir, Danubius University, Romania 40. Giovanna Michelon, University of Padova, Italy 41. Giuseppe Russo, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy 42. Grzegorz Zasuwa, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland 43. Guillaume Marceau, University of Aix-Marseille, France 44. Hanna Trojanowska, Siedlce University, Poland 45. Herald Ivan Monis, Milagres College, India 46. Huijian Dong, Pacific University, United States 47. Ionela-Corina Chersan, University of Iasi, Romania 48. Ivo De Loo, Nyenrode Business University, Netherlands 49. Iwona Gorzen-Mitka, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland 50. Janusz Wielki, Opole University of Technology, Poland 51. Javier Aguilera-Caracuel, University of Valencia, Spain 52. Joanna Katarzyna Blach, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland 53. Jolita Vveinhardt, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania 54. Jonathan Oyerinde Adewoye, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria 55. José Antonio Miranda, Universidad de Alicante, Spain 56. Josir Simeone Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 57. Karen Gulliver, Argosy University, United States 58. Ladislav Mura, Pan-European University in Bratislava, Slovakia 59. Laura Danilescu, Danubius University, Romania 60. Leo Franklin, JJ College of Arts and Science, India 61. Luisa Helena Pinto, University of Porto, Portugal 62. Mahdi Shadkam, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia 63. Malgorzata Koszewska, Lodz University of Technology, Poland 64. Mansour Esmaeil Zaei, Panjab University, India 65. Manuela Rozalia Gabor, “Petru Maior” University of Tîrgu Mure, Romania 66. Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo, Brazil 67. Maria do Céu Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, Portugal 68. Maria J. Sanchez-Bueno, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Spain), Spain 69. Maria Madela Abrudan, University of Oradea, Romania 70. Marian Lucian Achim, University of Bucharest, Romania 71. Marta Joanna Ziólkowska, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland 72. Maryam Ebrahimi, Azad University, Iran

73. Mihaela Simionescu (Bratu), Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Romanian Academy from Bucharest, Romania 74. Miriam Jankalova, University of Zilina, Slovakia 75. Modar Abdullatif, Middle East University, Jordan 76. Mohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia 77. Mohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia 78. Monica Maria COROS, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania 79. Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland 80. Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, United States 81. Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq, Global Institute Lahore, Pakistan 82. Munther Barakat Alnimer, Applied Science University, Jordan 83. Mustafa W Nourallah, European Centre for Economic Studies of the Arab Orient, Sweden 84. Nathalie Janson, Rouen Business School, France 85. Nermine Magdy Atteya, State University of New York at Oswego, United States 86. Niccolò Gordini, University of Milano, Italy 87. Nitin Simha Vihari, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Roorkee, India 88. Noor Mohammad, Universitiy Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 89. Odemir Vieira Baêta, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Brazil 90. Ozgur Demirtas, Inonu University, Turkey 91. Philippe Van Cauwenberge, Ghent University, Belgium 92. Prasad Vemala, McNeese State University, United States 93. Priyono pri Priyono, Bina Darma University, Indonesia 94. Radoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, Slovakia 95. Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia 96. Raphaël Dornier, Isc Paris, France 97. Roberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, Chambre of Deputies and University Center IESB, Brazil 98. Romana Korez Vide, University of Maribor, Slovenia 99. Rosa Lombardi, University of Rome "Link Campus", Italy 100. Roxanne HelmStevens, Azusa Pacific University, United States 101. Sam C Okoroafo, University of Toledo, United States 102. Samuel Allen Broyles, California State University, United States 103. Sang-Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China 104. Seyed Shahram Ahmadinejad, University of Southern Cross, United States 105. Sumathisri Bhoopalan, Sastra University, India 106. Tajul Ariffin Masron, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 107. Tamizhjyothi Kailasam, Annamalai University, India 108. Terrill L. Frantz, Peking University HSBC Business School, China 109. Tu Anh Phan, CanTho University, Viet Nam 110. Umayal Kasi, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 111. Valdir de Jesus Lameira, INESC Coimbra, Portugal 112. Valeria Stefanelli, University of Salento, Italy 113. Valerija Botric, The Institute of Economics, Croatia 114. Vassili Joannides, Queensland University of Technology, Australia 115. Vinit Parida, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden 116. Yee Yen Yuen, Multimedia University, Malaysia 117. Zaid Ahmad Ansari, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Economic Research

Published By : Serials Publications Frequency : Quarterly ISSN : 0972-9380 Price : Click Here

Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief SAMIR HAMMAMI Director of Centre for Entrepreneurship Department of Management InformationSystems College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman Editorial Board Member Prof. Mohammad Alawin Dept. of Economics The University of Jordan Amman, Jordan Priyono, Master of Management Graduate Program, University of Bina Darma Palembang, Indonesia. Teddy Chandra, STIE Pelita Indonesia, Pekanbaru Riau, Indonesia. Rahayu Puji Suci, Master of management graduate program, University of Widya Gama Malang, Indonesia.

International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research

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Editorial Board Editor in Chief Ding Haoyuan Shanghai University of finance of Economics, Shanghai, China Email: [email protected] Managing Editor Vijay Kumar Jha Serials Publications New Delhi Editorial Board Members XIE Wenjing, Department of Economics, Baptist University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected] HU Yichuan Department of Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected]; YANG Yixin, Department of Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,

Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected]; XU Xinyi, Department of Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected]; Liu Ziyuan Ph.D candidate in Department of World Economy, School of International Business and Administration, Shanghai U of finance and Economics. Shanghai, China E-mail: [email protected] Yi Guanxi UCLA Anderson Business School 110 Westwood Plaza. Suite C-310 Los Angeles, CA 90095 Email: [email protected] Wang Danli Wang Chinese University of Hong Kong HYS 509, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Email: [email protected] Prof. N.Narayana Consulting Editor, Asian-African Journal of Economics and Econometrics Department of Economics, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 705 Gaborone, BOTSWANA Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Prof. Mohammad Alawin Dept. of Economics The University of Jordan Amman, Jordan Dr. Pratap Chandra Mandal Priyono, Master of Management Graduate Program, University of Bina Darma Palembang, Indonesia. Teddy Chandra, STIE Pelita Indonesia, Pekanbaru Riau, Indonesia. Rahayu Puji Suci, Master of management graduate program, University of Widya Gama Malang, Indonesia.