nd

Abstract book of 2 International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference

PTE, 2016 i

Abstract Book of the 2nd international Interdisciplinary 3D Conference

6-8 October 2016 University of Pécs

Pécs, 2016 2

Editor Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber

Co-Editors dr. Peter Maroti, dr. Peter Varga

ISBN 978-963-429-066-7 Available only electrically.

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Dear Participants, Dear Guests! We are pleased to welcome you in Pécs at the II. International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference! Originated from the great efforts of five Faculties of the Pecs University, and following the last year’s success this is the second 3D conference in Pécs. We hope that this year’s event will further corroborate the tradition of gathering researchers to discuss recent results of 3D applications, the emerging new technologies and future directions of scientific development. We are glad to host approximately 300 colleagues from more than 10 countries in the meeting. We believe that the conference will provide an excellent occasion for investigators of 3D printing methods, scanning techniques and related fields to exchange ideas and scientific information and hopefully to initiate new collaborations. Indeed advancing of the related sciences has increasingly become multidisciplinary and nowadays requires team work. Medical doctors, dentists, artists work together with engineers and designers to put forward the technology and provide beautiful and easy to use products in various areas of everyday life and professional applications. One of the major aims of our meeting is to bring together these specialists and foster new collaborations. As always at our University, special attention goes to young scientists. Their professional education and development do require sharing creativity and learning from each other and from more experienced researchers. On the other hand, apart from its important mission of spreading science this conference is also the kick off meeting of a large scale 3D technology project (GINOP2.3.2-152016-00022) at our University. We believe that not only the teachers and students of the University will benefit from the manifestation of this project but the whole field of innovative and enthusiastic 3D researchers.

We hope that you will find the scientific program exciting, will have plenty of time for discussions with colleagues from the 3D research and applications community and will enjoy the wonderful city of Pécs. We wish you a great time in Pécs! Sincerely, The Organizers Miklós Nyitrai, University of Pécs, Hungary Peter Maroti, University of Pécs, Hungary Peter Varga, University of Pécs, Hungary Pécs, 5th of October, 2016

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Program of the 2nd International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference

6-8 October 2016 Location: Szentágothai János Research Centre, 20. Ifjúság street, Pécs, Hungary Main Patron: Patrons:

Dr. László Palkovics – State Minister for Higher Educations Dr. Zsolt Páva – Major of Pécs Dr. József Bódis – Rector of University of Pécs Dr. Attila Miseta – Dean of UP Medical School Dr. Miklós Nyitrai – Vice Dean for Science, UP Medical School

6TH October 2016 – Thursday 9.00 – 16.30 Materialise Mimics course on medical image based engineering – previous registration required – University of Pécs Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Boszorkány Str. 2. Room A116 10.45 – 11.00 Coffee Break 12.30 – 13.00 Lunch 14.45 – 15.00 Coffee Break 14.00 – 17.00 3D Innovation Challenge – presentation of the applications – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room 19.00 – 21.30 "UP 3D Printing Project Round Table" discussion, welcome champagne* – University of Pécs Medical School Main Building

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7TH – 8TH October 2016 – permanent exhibition of companies specialising in 3D printing and visualisation 3DZ Budapest Ltd. (3D Systems) 3D MediWhere Ltd. Baltic 3D BEDC- Simonyi Business and Economic Development Centre, UP BioBots DDD Manufactory (Evixscan 3D) Dental Trade Ltd. E-Nable Hungary FreeDee Ltd. (MakerBot) GreyPixel – Pickform Herz Hungária Ltd. KTTO – Technology Transfer Office, UP Leopoly Materialise NuitLab Philament Prosfit Regemat Renergy Consulting Ltd. Renishaw Plc. SZKK – Szentágothai János Research Centre Varinex Incorp. (Stratasys, EOS)

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7TH October 2016 – Friday 8.00 – 12:00 Registration 9.00 – 9.30 Conference Opening (Dr. József Bódis, Dr. Miklós Nyitrai) – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room

9.30 – 10.50 Lecture Session 1 – Chairs: Miklós Nyitrai, Florian Thieringer – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room

9.30 – 9.50

Jose L. Pons

3D Printing: Prospects for Personalized Wearable Robotics

9.50 – 10.10

Zoltán Csernátony

How 3D Printing Can Support Musculoskeletal Surgery

10.10 – 10.30

Krisztián Sztojanov

E-Nable Hungary, Printed Prosthetic Limbs for Kids

10.30 - 10.50

Janis Jatnieks

Mass Customization of Assistive Devices

10.50 – 11.10 Coffee Break 11.10 - 12.30 Lecture Session 2 – Chairs: György Falk, Jose L. Pons – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room 11.05 – 11.25 11.25 – 11.45

Judit Pongrácz Jose Manuel Baena

11.45 – 12.05

Simon Vanooteghem

12.05 – 12.25

Ricky Solorzano

Tissue Printing – Dreams and Reality Medical Devices Innovations in Orthopedic Surgery Using 3D Printing - Clinical Cases 3D Printing: the Key Component in the Future of Medical Applications The BioBot 1 – Taking Biology 3D

12.30 – 13.30 Lunch *

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13.30 – 14.50 Lecture Session 3 – Chairs: Judit Pongrácz, Simon Vanooteghem – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room 13.25 – 13.45

David Putrino

13.45 – 14.05

Florian Thieringer

14.05 – 14.25

Olivér Kniesz

14.25 – 14.45

Vittorio Satta

Technology for the Sake of Humanity: 3D Printing for Social and Medical Good Revolutionizing Medicine and Healthcare – 3D Printing in Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 3D Printing Meets Medical Devices Certification The Carlo Cattaneo LIUC Experience with the MakerBot Innovation Center - How 3D Technologies are Reshaping Health Processes in Italy

14.50 – 15.10 Coffee Break 15.10 – 16.30 Lecture Session 4 – Chairs: Péter Bogner, Jose Manuel Baena – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room 15.10 – 15.30 15.30 – 15.50

György Falk Gergely Modor

New Trends in 3D Printing Innovative LaserCUSING® Technology

15.50 – 16.10 16.10 – 16.30

István Háber

3D Printing in the Automotive Industry Art/Sci/Tech: Creating the Material, Revealing the Spiritual (with Reality Capture, CAD, Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing)

Amy Karle

19.30 – Wine Dinner *

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8TH October 2016 – Saturday

9.00 – 10.40 Lecture Session 5 – Chairs: György Fusz, David Putrino – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room

István Hatos 9.00 – 9.20 9.20 – 9.40 9.40 – 10.00

Viktor Erdei Sándor Manó

Tsehai Johnson 10.00 – 10.20

Dániel Német 10.20 – 10.40

9.00 – 11.30 9.00 - 11:00 – Dentistry Bioprinting Workshop Symposium – IN Chair: Krisztián Kvell HUNGARIAN Chair: Gyula Room A102 Marada Room B001 Examples of the 9.00 – 9.30 Marada 9.00 – 9.35 Practical Application Gyula- Digitális Technikák Ricky Solorzano – 3D of DMLS Alkalmazásának Bioprinting: What No Lehetőségei a 3D in the Zsolnay Other Technologies Can Fogászatban Manufacture Achieve 3D Printing Based Bone Substitution Hybrid Identities: Inspiration and Appropriation in Contemporary American Ceramics IOT and 3D Printing - Distributed Economy is The Next Industrial Revolution

9.35 – 10.10 Maite Fernandez Neuronal in Vitro Models: From Primary Cultures to Patterned Neuronal Networks

9.30 – 10.00 Falk György 3D Nyomtatás Jelene és Jövője

10.10 – 10.45 Jose M Baena – 3D 10.00 – 10.30 Modor Printing and Its Applications in Health Gergely - Digitális Jelen és Jövő a Fogászatban Care and the Emerging Field of Bioprinting. The Future is Now. 10.45 – 11.30 10.30 – 11.00 Kövér Krisztián Kvell - 3D Zsanett - Digitális Technikák a Fogászat Bioprinting: Possibilities Határterületein and Pitfalls

11.30 – 12.30 Lunch *

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12.30 – 15.00 Workshop Session 2 Patient Specific Surgical Planning Ceramic Industry Workshop – IN HUNGARIAN Dentistry Workshop - IN Workshop Chair: Florian Chair: György Fusz, Contributor: András Túri – HUNGARIAN Chair: Gyula Thieringer Room A101 Matesz Room A102 Marada Room B001 12.30 – 13.00 Florian Thieringer – 12.30 – 13.00 Falk György - 3D Nyomtatók és Print Your Skull – How to Create Rendszerek a Szilikátipar Részére Printable Anatomical Models from CAD design 13.00 – 13.30 Ködmön István – Porcelán az Medical Imaging Data Elefántboltban - Avagy Egyensúly a XXI. és a XVII. Századi Technológiák Találkozásánál a 13.00 - 13.30 Balázs Gasz – Herendi Porcelánmanufaktúránál Anastomosis Quality Analysis Using 3D Technologies 13.30 – 14.00 Szakács Tibor - Virtuális Valóságtól a Míves Porcelánig - 3D CAM demonstration Technológia Alkalmazása a Herendi 13.30 – 14.00 Péter Varga - 3D Porcelánmanufaktúránál Printing Applications in Realistic Medical Simulation 14.00 – 14.30 Tóth Lajos - A 3D-vel Nyomtatott Tárgyak Különböző Színterelési Lehetőségei, Különös Tekintettel a Kerámia Anyagokra.

14.00 – 15.00 FreeDee - Bespoke Medical Casts with 3D Scanning and Desktop 3D Printing

14.30 – 15.00 Szász András - Kerámia Minta Alkatrészek 3D Scan Alapú Visszamodellezése, Műszaki Dokumentálása

15.00 – 15.20 Coffee Break

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Modor Gergely - D Bego Varseo 3D Nyomtató Bemutató, Marás a Roland DWX-51D 5 Tengelyes Marógéppel

15.20 – 17.50 Workshop Session 3 E-Nable Workshop Chair: Miklós Nyitrai Room A102

Industries Workshop Chair: István Háber Room A101

15.20 – 15.50 Péter Maróti – The Mechanical and Structural Effects of Printing Orientation in 3D Printed Upper Limb Prosthetics

15.20 – 15.50 ifj. Imre Győri - Generative Production Method Through 3D Laser Sintering

15.50 – 16.20 Tibor Sipos – Product Developing and Rapid Prototyping of Enclosure of an Onboard Computer

15.50 – 16.20 Krisztián Sztojanov – How we Make and Build and E-Nable Hand

16.20 – 16.50 Péter Iványi – Generating Voxel Mesh from Surface Models

Chapter: a Case Study

16.50 – 17.20 József Köő – 3D Printer Building as Students Project with Educational Focus

16.50 – 17.50 Interactive Workshop: Print, Build a Prostethic Hand for a Child!

17.20 – 17.50 Gábor Bazsali - 3D Printing from the Service Provider's Point of View

16.20 – 16.50 Róbert Pilisi - Hungarian E-Nable

18.00 – 18.30 Awards Ceremony, Closing Remarks

*The marked programs are available only for the lecturers mentioned in this program and for the exhibiting companies

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International Scientific Committee Chairman: Prof. Dr. Miklos Nyitrai Members: Dr. Zoltan Csernatony Dr. Judit Pongracz Dr. Krisztian Kvell Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber Dr. Gyorgy Fusz

Organizing Committee dr. Peter Maroti, MD dr. Peter Varga, MD Luca Toth Robert Pilisi dr. Gyula Marada, MD Dr. Gyorgy Fusz Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber

Publishing of the Abstract Book has been supported by GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00022 grant.

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Abstracts of the Lecture Sessions, in list of timeline

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How 3D Printing Can Support Musculoskeletal Surgery Z.Csernátony andS. Manó Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary Index Terms: 3D printing, patient specific implant, spacer, musculoskeletal surgery.

We successfully apply 3D printing technology for several medical and surgical applications from 2005 when our Department initiated the technology in this field in Hungary. Our main application area is fabricating custom made cranial defect substitutionsfor neurosurgeons[1][2][3], however we had several musculoskeletal cases as well(Fig. 1). The basic principle of the application is printing a 3D master model of the bone substitution based on CT scans and 3D design then creating a silicone cast from the master model that allows the moulding of bone cement to the replacement or the temporary spacerintraoperatively.

Fig. 1.

Fabrication of a radius spacer based on 3D printing.

Beside fabricating spacers we use 3D printing to create models for surgical planning [4] and for medical device design purposes as well in the field of musculoskeletal surgery. In our presentation showing several patients’ cases we would like to prove that such a high-tech method like 3D printing how could be an extremely useful daily application in surgery especiallyin musculoskeletal surgery. References Z. Csernátony, L. Novák, L. Bognár, P. Ruszthi andS. Manó, “Számítógépestervezésűcranioplastica. Elsőhazaieredmények a térbelinyomtatásorvosialkalmazásával,” Magyar Traumat.Ortop. 2007;50(3) pp.238-243. [2] S. Manó, L. Novákand Z. Csernátony, “A 3D nyomtatástechnológiájánakalkalmazása a cranioplasticában,” BiomechanicaHungarica. 2008;1(1) pp. 15-20. [3] Z. Csernátony Z, S.Manó,“Digitálistechnikák a szájsebészetben,”in A digitálisfogászatalapjai, C. Hegedűs, Ed. Debrecen:MedicinaKiadó, 2016, (In press). [4] J. Szabó, S. Manó, Á. Lőrincz, G. Győrfi, L. Kiss and Z. Csernátony, “The Biological and Biomechanical Comparison of Two Bulk Bone Graft Techniques Used in Case of Dysplastic Acetabulum,” Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol, 2014;24, pp.679– 684. [1]

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e-Nable Hungary, Printed Prosthetic Limbs for Kids Krisztian Sztojanov e-NABLE Hungary Index Terms: Prosthetics, Children, Community, Volunteer, Free

The e-NABLE Community is a group of individuals from all over the world who are using their 3D printers to create free 3D printed hands and arms for those in need of an upper limb assistive device. They are people who have put aside their political, religious, cultural and personal differences – to come together and collaborate on ways to help improve the open source 3D printable designs for hands and arms for those who were born missing fingers or who have lost them due to war, disease or natural disaster. The e-NABLE Community is made up of teachers, students, engineers, scientists, medical professionals, tinkerers, designers, parents, children, scout troops, artists, philanthropists, dreamers, coders, makers and every day people who just want to make a difference and help to “Give The World A Helping Hand.” The Hungarian group started to operate in 2014 giving the possibility to make this community more known, especially in the region of central Europe. Following the fundamentals of the mother community, e-NABLE Hungary wishes to meet the local requirements and fit to the local needs. Those who need help can be supported in their own language by us. And also teamwork for certain projects appears to be more successful and fruitful with more personal involvement. Since 2014 we have successfully delivered more than five hands and two arms to children in Hungary. Joe Cross, the founder of the Hungarian group could deliver hands to Ghana in February 2016. These hands were made by Hungarian volunteers in order to help children in Ghana. We are continuously looking for an opportunity to find recipients in Hungary. Fortunately nowadays we get more and more publicity. The e-Nable Hungary soon will be formed to an official organization. Our most important goal is to connect those who wish to help with those who need help. Also we would like to be the source of knowledge to make and develop 3D printable prosthetics.

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An improved biofabrication process to enhance cell survival and distribution in bioprinted scaffolds for cartilage regeneration José Manuel Baena Research associate "Advanced therapies: differentiation, regeneration and cancer" IBIMER,CIBM, Universidad de Granada, Spain

Tissue regeneration (TR) is currently one of the most challenging biotechnology unsolved problems. Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary science that aims at solving the problems of TR. TE could solve pathologies and improve the quality of life of billions of people around the world suffering from tissue damages. New advances in stem cell (SC) research for the regeneration of tissue injuries have opened a new promising research field. However, research carried out nowadays with two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not provide the expected results, as 2D cultures do not mimic the 3D structure of a living tissue. Some of the commonly used polymers for cartilage regeneration are Poly-lactic acid (PLA) and its derivates as Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), Poly(glycolic acids) (PGAs) and derivates as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) (PLGAs) and Poly caprolactone (PCL). All these materials can be printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM), a process in which a heated nozzle melt a thermoplastic filament and deposit it in a surface, drawing the outline and the internal filling of every layer. All this procedures uses melting temperatures that decrease viability and cell survival. Research groups around the world are focusing their efforts in finding low temperature printing thermoplastics or restricted geometries that avoid the contact of the thermoplastic and cells at a higher temperature than the physiologically viable. This has mainly 2 problems; new biomaterials need a long procedure of clearance before they can be used in clinical used, and restrictions in geometries will limit the clinical application of 3D printing in TE.

We have developed an enhanced printing processes named Injection Volume Filling (IVF) to increase the viability and survival of the cells when working with high temperature thermoplastics without the limitation of the geometry. We have demonstrated the viability of the printing process using chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration. This development will accelerate the clinical uptake of the technology and overcomes the current limitation when using thermoplastics as scaffolds.

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3D Medical Printing the key component in Future of Medical Applications Simon Vanoothegem Abstract:There is a growing trend towards personalization of medical care, as evidenced by the emphasis on outcomes based medicine, the latest developments in CT and MR imaging and personalized treatment in a variety of surgical disciplines. 3D Printing has been introduced and applied in medical field since 2000. The first applications were in field of dental implants and custom prosthetics [1, 2]. According to recent publications, 3D printing in medical field has been used in a wide range of applications which can be organized into several categories including implants, prosthetics, anatomical models and tissue bioprinting. Some of these categories are still in their infancy stage of concept of proof while others are in application phase such as the design and manufacturing of customized implants and prosthesis. The approach of 3D printing in this category has been successfully used in the health care sector to make both standard and complex implants within a reasonable amount of time. In this study we would like to refer to some of the clinical applications of 3D printing in design and manufacturing of a patient-specific (hip) implant. In cases where patients have complex bone geometries or are undergoing a complex revision on (hip) replacement, the traditional surgical methods are not efficient and hence these patients require patient-specific approaches.There are major advantages in using this new technology for medical applications, however in order to get this technology widely accepted in medical device industry, there is a need for gaining more acceptance from the medical device regulatory offices. This is a challenge that is moving onward and will help the technology find its way at the end as an accepted manufacturing method for medical device industry in an international scale. The discussion will conclude with some examples describing the future directions of 3D Medical Printing. References: [1]Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, et al. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem. 2014;86(7):3240–3253 [2] Cui X, Boland T, D’Lima DD, Lotz MK. Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012;6(2):149–155.

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3D Printing for Research and Social Good: Technology for the Sake of Humanity D. Putrino1,2 1Burke

Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

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Index Terms: 3D Printing, Brain Computer Interface, Upper limb prosthetics.

3D printing technologies are developing at an astounding rate, and we are finding more uses for them every single day. It is a rapidly developing industry that has significantly disrupted business-as-usual in many different fields. In the research world, our ability to use 3D Printing to rapidly prototype and build has made it possible to conduct multiple experiments, or practice complicated procedures more completely. In healthcare delivery, 3D printing has significantly impacted the practice of personalized medicine, as well as giving us a new generation of tools to visualize patient anatomy in three dimensions. Finally, in the humanitarian space, 3D printing has been instrumental in allowing us to build technologies and devices in places where it is difficult to find materials to build. In this presentation, I will discuss my personal experiences with 3D printing technologies. The objectives of this presentation will be to highlight and explain the different ways that my team and I have used3D printing technology for basic research, clinical practice and humanitarian ventures. I will attempt to walk you through all the successes (and failures!) of using 3D printing in the modern medical world.

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The LIUC Experience with the MakerBot Innovation Center How 3D technologies are reshaping health processes in Italy Vittorio Satta1 Eng., Contract Professor, Management Engineering Faculty, LIUC UniversitàCattaneo, Castellanza (VA)

ABSTRACT - 2nd INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY 3D PRINTING CONFERENCE

Index Terms: Additive manufacturing, Communication improvement, Pre surgical phase.

Additive manufacturing is promoting the opportunity of manyapplications in the medical domain. One of the less knownimplications of the use of 3D toolsis the ease for anyindividual to develop new solutions to problems by personallycreating and experimenting the effectiveness of suchsolutionwithout the help of technologyexperts. Within the medicalfield, additive manufacturing isprovinghelpfulboth for routinaryactivities (eg dime for osteotomy or for the application of holes), and in specific and rare cases, suchascreatinganatomicalreplicas for the pre-surgicalstudy of a clinical case, or for the diagnosticstudy of thoseclinicalcaseswhentraditionaldiagnostictechniques for images provideunclearoutcomes. The MakerBot LIUC Innovation Center hascarried out research in this area, alsothrough the investigation of some clinicalcasesavailablethanks to the partnership with Milan Bicocca University, San Raffaele ResearchInstitute, IRCCS Galeazzi, HumanitasResearch Hospital, Aitasit and others. So far, our research highlights the increasingdiffusion of new practices based on the creation with additive technologies of clinicalproblems. The casesweanalyseddemonstratedsignificantimprovements. Oneexampleis a more effectivecommunicationbetweendoctor and patients: when the clinician shows the patient the 3d self printedreplication of the patient’sanatomical part under analysis, shegets a higherawarenessabouthermedicalproblem. Another improvement deriving by the use of additive technologies in the pre-surgicalphase, consists in the lowerrisk of bleeding, and the faster post-surgicaloutcome of the patient. During the presentation, wewillpresented some of thesecaseswhosestudyisundergoingat the LIUC MakerBotInnovation Center.

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3D Printing in the Automotive Industry I. E. Haber* *University

of Pecs/Department of Applied Informatics, Pécs, Hungary

Index Terms: 3d printing, pem fc, cfd, aerodynamics.

3D printing is a relatively new approach to manufacture parts and it can be very well utilized in making energy efficient structures e.g. light weight, new design approaches. Our institute’s, Polack Eco Team has a big experience in making light weight, energy efficient vehicles, where 3D printing is already involved in several ways. The new opportunities which were made possible through the new 3D printing facility, which will built up on our faculty, will help to make a new generation in our researches possible. The basic design has be renewed and the new aim is to make an urban vehicle which uses the results of the former projects. Hereby it should be investigated what parts of the new vehicle can be manufactured by this new kind of process. As pre-study the parts are taken into examination, where 3d printing could be used. At the ORCA car, the steering wheel and some other small parts were finished using this technique, but there are lot more possibilities. Knowing projects from all around the world, it could be used in cooling system design of the electric engines (i.e. BME formula one team), fuel cell design can be altered using 3D printing [1], and also biocomposite parts can be manufactured [2,3]. The printed form in small scale can be used to investigate the design goodness, and the aerodynamic properties [4], as in this case it came out for 2,42 drag coefficient value (CD) for the early phase model by cfd. There is already a first design white board plan for the car, which has been printed for design check, where the overall form can be examined (Fig. 1.). It has showed places where improvements are necessary.

Fig. 2. 3D model and the printed design check in early phase

For first sight the following parts will be made by 3D printing. In the interior, the steering wheel, while it needs a special design, has to be very lightweight, and must contain the unique electronics parts (but it might be reinforced by fiber material and resin) and some other parts of the armature bread. In the propulsion system the engine holders, electronics housings, the fuel cell’s weight reducing replacements (much lighter, but stronger base plates), etc. From the exterior side some design stripes will be applied, which can be made by 3D printing. For all these applications, the SLS technique is perfect, it gives an acceptable surface for prototyping use. References [5]

B.D. Gould, J.A. Rodgers, M. Schuette, K. Bethune, S. Louis, R. Rocheleau, K.S. Lyons: Performance of 3D-Printed Fuel Cells and Stacks, ECS Trans., 2014, Vol. 64(3), pp. 935-944.

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R. A. Giordano, B. M. Wu, S. W. Borland, L. G. Cima, E. M. Sachs, M. J. Cima: Mechanical properties of dense polylactic acid structures fabricated by three dimensional printing, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym., Ed. 8, pp. 64–75, 1996. [7] B. Tisserat, Z. Liu, V. Finkenstadt, B. Lewandowski, S. Ott, L. Reifschneider: 3D printing biocomposites, Plastics Research Online, 2015, pp 1-3. [8] I. Haber, N. Novak: Composite alternative vehicle with solar equipment, Proceedings of the 1 st Regional Conference Mechatronics in Practice and Education, 08-10. 12. 2011, Subotica, Serbia, pp. 192-200. [6]

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Examples of the practical application of DMLS I. Hatos*,1 *Szechenyi

Istvan University/Department of Materials Science and Technology, Győr, Hungary

Index Terms: laser sintering, DMLS

Since the 1970s, SLS has improved from an idea to a prosperous technology. In 1971 Pierre Ciraud described a method for layer manufacturing parts from powdered materials. Six years later Hausholder filed a patent application which included the concept of SLS and SLM systems. SLS was created in the 1980s at The University of Texas. Carl Deckard started to investigate a method, which melted particles of powder together to make a real part by a directed energy beam. The first commercially laser sintering systems were in the market in 1992 from the company DTM. The second commercial laser sintering system was launched by EOS in 1994. At the beginning these systems were limited to work with polymer powders. The companies introduced laser sintering processes for building parts “directly” from metal powders, but in different ways. DTM chose an indirect method by laser sintering a polymer coated metal powder, followed by a heat up process to remove the polymer, finally infiltrated with a secondary metal to fill the metal matrix. The first commercial direct system (DMLS, EOSINT M250) was developed by EOS and Electrolux Rapid Development in 1995. In 2004 EOS introduced the EOSINT M270 system, which uses a dual-focus solidstate fiber laser. In the last years many similar technology developed and offered by other companies (Concept Laser – laser cusing, MCP – selective laser melting, Arcam – electron beam melting etc.) [1-3]. In Hungary, the first industrial DMLS system (EOS EOSINT M270) installed in 2011 at the Széchenyi István University. Since then, we have been working with this technology on research projects and industrial jobs. We made a number of workpieces for industrial partners. During my presentation I would like to introduce the manufacturing and design benefits of the technology. EOSINT M270:  Building volume: 250x250x215 mm  Layer thickness: 0,02 mm  Typical tolerance: ± 0,05-0,2 mm Advantages of the DMLS process: • full dense parts, • efficient material processing – nearly part mass of material is used, • freedom of design, such as complex internal structures, • no tooling, • the volume of parts dictates price instead of complexity, • thin wall and variable thickness components. References E. C. Santos, M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, T. Laoui: Rapid manufacturing of metal components by laser forming, Internal Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 46 (2006), 1459-1468 [10] Yu Wang: Mechanical properties and microstructure of laser sintered and starch consolidated iron-based powders, Dissertation, Karlstad University, Karlstadt, 2008 [11] M. Shellabear, O. Nyrhilä: DMLS – Development history and state of the art, LANE 2004 Conference, Erlangen, Germany, Sept. 21-24, 2004 [9]

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3D Printing Based Bone Substitution S. Manó andZ.Csernátony Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary Index Terms: 3D printing, patient specific implant, mechanical properties, mechanical test.

Our institute successfully applies a special bone cement and silicone based molding method for custom made bone implants from 2005. We’ve already introduced the general workflow and details of the technique one year ago at the 1stInternational and Interdisciplinary 3D Conference, Pécs (Fig 1.)[1][2][3][4]but now we would like to focus on the mechanical aspect of the method.

Fig. 3.

Cranial defect substitution using 3D printing.

The main goal of our mechanical investigation was to prove that the strength of the implant and the mold made by our method is appropriate. Our work has started with the examination of the silicone. We collected as many transparent silicone products as possible and measured the tensile and compression strength and the Shore hardness in different temperatures of them. In the next step we focused on the bone cement so the material of the implant. In this case we compared the strength of the bone cement to dry human skull and fresh pig skull specimens and performed several finite element analysis based on the data. The results of our examinations showed that the mechanical properties of the materials we use to fabricate custom made bone substitutions have the desired level. References Z. Csernátony, L. Novák, L. Bognár, P. Ruszthi andS. Manó, “Számítógépestervezésűcranioplastica. Elsőhazaieredmények a térbelinyomtatásorvosialkalmazásával,” Magyar Traumat.Ortop. 2007;50(3) pp.238-243. [2] S. Manó, L. Novákand Z. Csernátony, “A 3D nyomtatástechnológiájánakalkalmazása a cranioplasticában,” BiomechanicaHungarica. 2008;1(1) pp. 15-20. [3] Z. Csernátony Z, S.Manó,“Digitálistechnikák a szájsebészetben,”in A digitálisfogászatalapjai, C. Hegedűs, Ed. Debrecen:MedicinaKiadó, 2016, (In press). [4] J. Szabó, S. Manó, Á. Lőrincz, G. Győrfi, L. Kiss and Z. Csernátony, “The Biological and Biomechanical Comparison of Two Bulk Bone Graft Techniques Used in Case of Dysplastic Acetabulum,” Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol, 2014;24, pp.679– 684. [1]

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Hybrid Identities: Inspiration and Appropriation in Contemporary American Ceramics Tsehai Johnson, Denver Three-dimensional digital technologies offer new tools for use by visual artists and designers. As material choices and building processes often act as a metaphor in art, this is an important time explore and evaluate how these new tools are influencing both content and techniques in studio ceramics. This paper explores the various manners that CAD/CAM printing technologies have been utilized by ceramic artists and is an evaluation of the influence of three-dimensional printing in the field of contemporary American ceramic art.

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“IOT and 3D printing Distributed economy is the next industrial revolution” Daniel G. Nemet There has been a number of economic paradigm shifts in human history. These all have a common trait: that three breakthrough technologies (or technology families) occur at the same time – which create a general purpose technology platform that fundamentally changes the way we manage, power and move economic activity across the value chains. These are: 

Communication technologies to manage economic activity



Energy sources to power economic activity



Transportation technologies to move economic activity

The third (or sometimes referred to as fourth) industrial revolution is evolving around digitalization, powered by a mature communication internet, distributed renewable energy sources and autonomous transportation technologies. This new industrial revolution is integrated through IOT, acting as a platform between communication, energy and transportation, where all physical data soon will be digitalized by sensors. By 2030 we’ll reach ubiquitous interconnectivity, reaching the complexity of human brain. Today already, the whole world is going online using cheap mobile phones to access real time economic data. Accessibility to technology levels the playing field where Blockhain based transactional validation ensures secure, direct Peer-to-Peer engagement dismissing the middle man. Using advanced analytics and algorithms, mining data Consumers Prosumers and information that’s valuable on your value chain will dramatically increase the overall efficiency of the IP CC economy. Every step of conversion in the value chain will increase productivity while reducing ecological Financial Cap. Social Cap footprint. Increased aggregate productivity will also mean drastically reduced marginal cost, to a level where Competition Cooperation they are near zero. Think of Uber, Solar City, AirBnB. Marginal cost of these services is already near zero. IoT Ownership Access enables the transformation of capitalism towards sharing / distributed economy. We already live in a hybrid Linear Circular economy where we share our own abundant virtual goods, in the shape of information, data, algorithms, platforms or applications. In the following 20-30 years everybody will be connected, all consumers we’ll be transformed to prosumers. Creative commons will replace IP; Social Capital already has a lot more versatility and power then pure financial capital. Ownership will be replaced by access; and vertically integrated companies that fuel the linear economy model will be replaced by laterally scaled companies building on circular economy models.

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Now as IoT is moving into brick and mortar world, additive manufacturing will replace centralized production lines. Along with everything else, aggregate efficiency as shape complexity is virtually free, the marginal cost of production closing onto near zero. You can design anything and with little to no skill just hit the print button. Scalability is still a question, and material sciences are still have a long way to go, but from DNA printing to complex metal printing, new distributed solutions already possess use cases that we could have not imagined even five years ago. There are already 3D printers on the market what use open software, open hardware and can work with all sort of materials. Can you imagine what our world will be like in 2050? References Jeremy Rifkin: “The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism Paperback” - July 7, 2015 [2] Carl Bass, “3D Printing & Design - The Future of How Things are Made” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqABiBtPFuA [1]

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Abstracts of the Bioprinting Workshop, in list of timeline

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Neuronal in vitromodels: fromprimary cultures topatterned neuronal networks M.T. Fernández-Sánchez*1, A. Novelli*, V. Rodríguez-Montequín†and F. Ortega† *University

of Oviedo/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oviedo, Spain of Oviedo/ Project Engineering, Oviedo, Spain

†University

Index Terms: Microelectrode Array, Bioprinting, CNS neurons.

Primary cultures of central nervous system (CNS) cellsare very suitable experimental systems widely used to reveal neurobiological mechanisms. Cultured neurons have been also of great importance to study the neurotoxicity due to exposure to a variety of insults, including environmental toxins, and our group has pioneered the study of the physiological and toxicological effects of excitatory amino acids and seafood toxins on cultured neurons. [1][2][3]. Although very useful, the use of cultured neurons as neurosensors relies often on the detection of neurotoxicity markers rather than on the detection of neurophysiological changes, which can be affected at concentrations of the toxin causing no visible effects on cell viability or morphology. The analysis of signals generated by in vitro neuronal networks growth on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) constitutes a novel approach to create a new concept of neurosensors. We have successfully used this technique to determine the functional effects of subtoxic brief and prolonged exposures to neurotoxicants (see Fig 1).

Fig. 4.

Effect of seafood toxin prorocentroic acid on spontaneous electrical activity of cultured cortical neurons

Recorded data from the activity of the neuronal network in different experimental conditions can be used in the training of cluster algorithms to recognize spatio-temporal patterns in the spike train, and be coupled to motor commands for bio-robotic hybrid devices [4], whose behavior is dictated by the patterns of activity of the network. While this is still a starting up field,the MEA methodology is holding a promising perspective for the understanding of behavioral processes such as learning and memory, at least in their simplest form, and their use in testing useful and dangerous molecules. The experimental control over the topology and connectivity pattern of neurons on the surface is of central interest in MEA studies. For this purpose, microcontact printing represents a simple and efficient approach to achieve the spatial confinement of neuronal structures in the network, helping to improve the neuronelectrode coupling and the quality and reproducibility of the recordings. The use of bio-patterned cultures on MEAs, with a precise organization of neuronal network architecture will also allow for1) a better kwnoledge of how changes in connectivity influence the emergent activity of the network; 2) mathematical modeling of single neuron properties, that may be masked by collective activity in random networks; and 3) the development of more accurate in vitro models of specific brain structures, to improve our understanding of brain functioning and its overall response to neurotoxicants. References [1]

M.T. Fernández, V. Zitko, S. Gascón, A. Novelli, “The marine toxin Okacaic Acid is a potent neurotoxin for cultured cerebellar neurons”, Life Sciences, 1991, 49, PL-157-PL-162.

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A. Novelli, J. Kispert, M.T. Fernández-Sánchez. A.Torreblanca, V. Zitko, “Domoic acid-containing toxic mussels produce neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures through a synergism between excitatory amino acids”, Brain Res., 1992, 577:41-48 [3] H.J. Domínguez, J.G.Napolitano, M.T. Fernández-Sánchez, D. Cabrera-García, A. Novelli, N. Norte, J.J. Fernández, A. H. Daranas, “Belizentrin, a highly bioactive macrocycle from the dinoflagellateProrocentrumbelizeanum”,Org Lett. 2014 16:4546-4549. [4] T. DeMarse, D.A. Wagennar, A.W. Blau, S.W. Potter.“The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting with Simulated Bodies”. Autonomous Robots, 2001, 11, 305–310. [2]

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Creating Human Personalized Functional Thymus Tissue from peripheral Blood on 3D Scaffold Krisztian Kvell MD PhD Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs Index Terms: thymus, scaffold, imunity Summary Our plan outlines a complex 3D bioprinting- and biotechnology-based process. It allows for creating functional thymus tissue using an biocomptible scaffold. Cellular elements are prepared from a byproduct of blood-transfusion (buffy coat) that is person-specific and thus has potential for personalized therapy in specific cases of i.e. acute immune deficiency. Our research group has expertise in all the necessary steps. 3D bioprinted scaffold Our research group has hands-on experience working with 3D bioprinter systems. We are capable of printing 3D scaffold that is optimal for culturing adherent cells (like epithelial or fibroblast cells). Scaffold material is bioPCL (polycaprolactone) that is sterile-printed, antigen and LPS-free, both biocompatible and biodegradable, suitable for the suggested immunological application. Creating cellular components of thymus tissue from peripheral blood Buffy coat is a byproduct of blood transfusion that contains nuclear cells enriched from 500ml human peripheral blood. Two cell types will be purified and further processed: Establishment of thymic epithelial and fibroblast cells Peripheral blood monocytes are easily purified by adherence. A special trans-differentiation protocol allows for the production of blood-borne fibroblasts (fibrocytes). Fibroblasts can then be efficiently further differentiated into first cortical thymic epithelial cells (by over-expressing FoxN1) then into medullary thymic epithelial cells (by over-expressing AIRE). These will be seeded on 3D bioprinted scaffolds providing the necessary niche to support thymocyte development. We have experience in handling human peripheral blood products, their stable transfection and trans-differentiation. Establishment of thymocyte progenitors Buffy coat preparations also contain hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), albeit at very low frequencies. Yet they can be efficiently enriched by magnetic separation, a technique regularly used by our research group. Once HSCs are provided with the proper micro-environment (3D scaffold with epithelial and fibroblast cells from above) they readily begin T-cell lineage commitment to develop into thymocytes. Maturation and functional analysis T-cell lineage commitment is a well characterized, precisely orchestrated process that requires regulated micro-environment and also sufficient time. During this functional thymus tissue may require dynamic (rather than static) culture conditions. Bioreactors required for steady flow tissue culturing will soon be available to our research group. We also have experience evaluating in vitro thymocyte development. Applications The outlined complex process represents the current state-of-the-art in both 3D bioprinting and biotechnology. On one hand it provides a unique research tool for regenerative immunology for basic research. On the other hand it also holds promise for future personalized therapy of certain acute immune deficiencies as an outcome of applied research. REFERENCES 30

[1] [2] [3]

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/z694673 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19818792 https://www.stemcell.com/media/files/wallchart/WA10006-Frequencies_Cell_Types_Human_Peripheral_Blood.pdf

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Abstracts of the Dentistry Symposium, in list of timeline

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Digitális Technikák Alkalmazásának Lehetőségei a Fogászatban Dr. Marada Gyula Pécsi Tudományegyetem Fogorvostudományi Szak Fogpótlástani Tanszék

Az előadás célja, hogy összefoglalja a digitális technikák és technológiák felhasználási lehetőségeit a fogorvosi, illetve fogtechnikai gyakorlatban. A különböző felhasználási irányok mellett ismerteti azok előnyét illetve hátrányát a jelenleg alkalmazott technológiákkal összehasonlítva különös tekintettel a digitális technikák jelenlegi korlátaira. A fogorvosi felhasználás mellett külön hangsúlyt fektetünk a fogtechnikai vonatkozásokra és odontotechnológiai és anyagtani szempontokat figyelembe véve történik az eltérő rendszerek ismertetése és bemutatása.

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Abstracts of the Patient Specific Surgical Planning Workshop, in list of timeline

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Anastomosis Quality Analysis Using 3D Technologies B Gasz, P Varga and P Maróti University of Pécs

Index Terms: computational fluid dynamics, 3D scanning, surgical skill education

In surgical practice the quality of surgically created connections between vessels (vascular anastomosis) can be hardly controlled and there are only a several irrespective data about the quality and long term result of vascular anastomoses. It was aimed to develop a method for comprehensive analysis of vascular anastomosis. Using analysis of 3D morphology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) broad-spectrum of information can be acquired about the anastomosis quality and this method is aimed to be used in surgical skill education. During training courses, surgeons can ascertain a comprehensive analysis of 3D morphology of their anastomosis. On the other hand blood flow through the anastomosis can be simulated in different conditions and long-term function of the anastomoses can be assessed. Anastomosed vessels are scanned using high precision 3D scanner following reconstruction of inner surface of vessels and anastomosis. After extensive meshing process CFD is performed for simulating pressure, velocity, turbulent flow, vorticity in vessels, furthermore wall shear stress and oscillatory shear stress analysis method are applied to prognosticate longterm behaviour of the anastomosis. Different pressure and flow situations are simulated according to conditions obtained by real cases. Patient specific situations and anatomical, pathological variances ofvesselare imitated by 3D printed simulators.

Fig. 1.

Representative appearance of wall shear stress analysis on vascular anastomis performed by a course attending surgeon.

Using the anastomosis quality analysis surgeons are able to practice their technique according to 3D, CFD analysis. Surgeons can correct the technique of anastomosis according to comprehensive analysis and better long term results of vascular anastomoses are suspected.

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3D Printing Applications in Realistic Medical Simulation P. Varga1, P. Maroti1, A. Schlegl1, M. Nyitrai2, Sz. Rendeki1, G. Jancso3, B. Gasz3 Medical Skills Lab, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine 3 Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine 1

2

Index Terms: 3D printing, 3DP, simulation, skills lab, medical education, innovative

Background: Simulation is playing more and more important role in healthcare higher education. It can improve the students’ self-confidence, satisfaction in their education thus patient safety1. Financial side of hands on trainings and scenario-based education must be noted though just like the level of fidelity of the commercially available simulators. We hypothesize that 3D technologies like 3D printing (3DP) can prove to be useful and cost-effective solutions in the field of healthcare simulation. Summary of Work: Patient-specific data was segmented from DICOM images captured during routine patient care using an open-source semi-automatic segmenting software (Slicer 3D 4.5) for different applications (development of intraosseus access simulator, demonstration of complex pathological cases in the field of vascular surgery and orthopedics, etc.). Post processing was done with an open-source software (Blender). Having the printable 3D models we used selective laser sintering, fused filament fabrication and PolyJet printing technologies. In simulator development the process ended in molding based on the 3D printed models. Fidelity and cost-effectiveness was monitored and in-depth interviews were made with the testers. Results: All the participating testers of different expertise levels (students, resident doctors and medical specialists) reported that the models made the understanding of each procedures or pathologies easier and some of them were considered to be more realistic than the commercially available models. In the case of the intraosseus trainer we made a financial study and got the results of involving 3DP in simulator development can decrease the costs by 60 %. Discussion: Involving 3D printed models in medical simulation has advantages for both teachers and students. It helps understanding the procedures and visualizing complex pathological abnormalities. It also can assist the development of more realistic and cost-effective simulators. Conclusion: The patient specific 3D printed models proved to be excellent tools for medical simulation both in education and in equipment development.

References: 1.

Reducing avoidable deaths from failure to rescue: a discussion paper. Waldie J1, Tee S2, Day T3

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Abstracts of the ENable Workshop, in list of timeline

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The mechanical and structural effects of printing orientation in 3D printed upper limb prosthetics Péter Maróti1, János Móczár1, Péter Varga2, Zoltán Meiszterics3, Tamás Zsebe3, Hajnalka Ábrahám4, Miklós Nyitrai1 [1]University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12. [2] University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12. [3] University of Pecs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, H-7624 Pécs, Boszorkány. u. 2. [4]University of Pecs, Medical School, Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12.

Background: 3D printed, open-source upper limb prosthetics have become very popular worldwide inthe last few years. The free .stl files are easy to scale, modify and they are cost-effective to print and can help a lots of patients with congenital and traumatic limb-loss. Despite of this, there are no scientific publication focusing on the different statical and dynamical mechanical properties of the used 3D printing materials and methods. Aim: In our study we compared how do the different printing orientations (marked with X,Y,Z) can affect the statical and dynamical mechanical properties of various3D printing materials (FDM ABS, PolyJet© ABS and Vero Grey©, , SLS Poliamide,FDM ULTEM). All of these materials can be used producing upper-limb prosthetics, however ABSis one of the most common ones. Our aim was to compare the values characteristic for the different materials to give an overview about the possible application of the different 3D printing technologies. Methods: We used Charpy-impact test, 3-point bending test for dynamical and statical evaluation of the printing orientations. We measured the Shore D hardness and used scanning electronmicroscopy for structural evaluation. Test-specimens according to ISO179-1 were used.

Conclusion: 3D printing orientation has a significant effect onthe stiffness of the structure of the 3D printed upper-limb prosthetic parts. Comparing the different orientations, Z direction showed the less strength and hardness values. X and Y orientations are significantly stronger. We also found connection between printing resolution and the mechanical properties in FDM/FFF technology.

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Production and development of cost-efficient, 3D-printed upperlimb prostheses Robert Pilisi

Introduction Prostheses show constant advancementsincetheirfirstapplication in the antiquity. We wish to lay the foundations of the nextgeneration of artificialextremities. There are almost 2.000.000 people living with lost extremities inthe USA, and there are 185.000 amputationsperformedannually. The leadingtechnology of ourpresentday is 3D printing, whichgainsgrowingattention in the medicalfield. We wish to jointhis trend bydevelopingpersonalizedprosthesesforemost in Hungary.

Summary of Work Open-source prostheses, manufacturedbyeasilyaccessibleprinters, regardingtheir cost-efficiency, functionality and the waytheyimprove the user’squality of lifewereexamined. We utilized anXYZ DaVinci 1.0 and a Lambda 200Fprinter. To operate the printerXYZware software, for 3D-designing the Blender and Autodesk Inventor Professional 2016 were used. The subject of our pilot study is an 8 years old child with left arm missing from the elbow. We manufactured two hybrid models for her.

Summary of Results Construction costed 32€, 10%-2% of the 320-1600€ price of official prostheses. Activities of daily life (AODL) showed no significant change for the first prostheses, but they improved for the second one.Positive psychological benefitsoccured. We encountered problems in the measurement of the affected limb. There is no precise method of scaling with open-source models.

Conclusion 3D-printed prostheses may improve the quality of daily life and also have beneficial psychological effects. There is no cost-efficient testing method currently available. With the research team we propose a new, affordable, 3D-printable assessment kit and a scoring system.We wish to improve further 3D-printed prostheses based on patient’s feedback.

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Abstracts of the Industries Workshop, in list of timeline

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High-Tech Investment Casting I. Győri Jr.* *MAGYARMET

FinomöntödeKft., Bicske, Hungary

Index Terms: Rapid Prototyping, Polystyrene, Precision Investment Casting, SLS Process, Exotic Alloys.

Complex servicing of the client’s demands. This motto has been leading the MAGYARMET Finomöntöde Kft. for 35 years now, and makes us a prominent and worldwide acknowledged company of the casting industry. The requirements of the clients are growing steadily, meeting them we have to continuously keep watching the markets, the directions for technology development. Most important requirements, which foundries are facing today are:more complex designs and geometries of castings, special alloys, short delivery time, even in 1-2 weeks. Being it a new development or a product, which has not been produced for a long time, and no tooling is available for it, in both cases the 3D technology is a solution. If beyond these the surface finish and the price-performance ratio are important, then the solution is served by MAGYARMET Finomöntöde Kft.: 35 years of experience with lost wax casting united with high-tech SLS (selective laser sintering) process. In this case we are talking about high-tech precision casting, above this is only one level left, the direct metal printing. But the DMLS process has only distant similarities to the conventional casting process. There are various alternatives to create geometric, functional or technical prototypes of a newly developed product using generative production methods. Depending on accuracy, properties of the material, needed quantity, required surface quality and complexity the most appropriate chain of operations should be chosen. The implementation of all this procedures, starting with the CAD-model, going through the generative production process, as well as through the steps of the production technology (assembly of the casting unit, shelling, pouring of metal, grinding, blasting, machining), up to the final quality approval, is determining for the contribution of the ready-to-assemble castings to the success in reducing the time of development.It is extremely important to get these parts through the production process as quickly as only possible.

Fig. 1. Solidification simulation with SoftCAST.

Fig. 2.SLS process with polystyrene.

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Product development and rapid prototyping of enclosure of an onboard computer. †

*

Tibor SIPOS , Dr. István Ervin Háber *

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Pécs, Hungary † University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Index Terms: Enclosure, Rapid prototyping, product developing, 3D Printing, Milling, Drilling, Functional Analysis

This enclosure is contain the cover parts of an onboard computer on the vehicles of public transport.

Fig. 2.

First version of design. The enclosure is transparent and show the inner content.

A few years ago a local company approached us with a request to them to develop an on-board computer cover. The starting point of our development of the client's previous similar products, previously established plan and design that was available on the market. The first step in the development was the information research. We collected data on the usage and the manufacturing of the product from the stakeholders. We revealed the needs for the product and after we made an brainstorming to the functions, which are fulfill these needs. In this term we used the function analysis too. Then we started the conceptual development. We made sketches, determined the basic shape and made some mock-up model to increase the effectiveness of brainstorming. The next step was the virtual prototyping. Special attention was paid to the thermal conduction process and achieve the maximum space utilization. We analysed the completed prototype manufacturing and virtual in terms of use. We made a FEM test on the product in terms of load capacity. The production of prototypes was divided into two phases:  

Either of them the 3D printing and finishing, The another was the sand-casting and subsequent finishing.

From the sand-cast aluminum parts built the first functional prototype which aim was the functional testing. Electromagnetic compatibility testing and certification was required models from equivalent materials. After the first tests the enclosure was improved and to this we prepared the documentations of the manufacturing. This product development required about 24 months from the first needs assessment to the finished products. References [5] [6]

Function Analysis: http://www.value-eng.org/value_engineering.php Stakeholders: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html

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Voxel mesh generation from surface meshes P. Iványi* *University

of Pécs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of System and Software Technology, Pécs, Hungary

Index Terms: Voxel mesh, Surface mesh, Parallel execution.

Voxelization is a method, where a surface mesh enclosing a volume is filled with solid hexahedron (cube) elements. Some versions of the method require that the surface meshmust be water-tight, no gaps and no overlapping between surface elements. This conditioncan be satisfied usually by engineering models, however in the case of game modelsthis can be problematic, since the models used in games may not have the same precisionrequirements as in engineering models. The reason why this is important is that themost important question during the generation of voxels is whether the voxelelement is inside or outside of the surface mesh. Voxelization has many different application areas: object simplification[1],volume visualization[2], finite element simulation[3]. The voxelization algorithm in this paper is based on one of the simplest geometric theorems, whichdetermines whether a point is inside or outside a polygon. The method uses a ray-castingtechnique and it determines the number of intersections between the rays and the enclosingsurface shell. If the point is inside then the number of intersections between the ray, startingfrom the given point, and the surface elements is an odd number. The advantage of the method that it can handle holes and highly non-convex shapes easily, howeverthe method has a precision problem. For example if the ray intersects the surfaceexactly at the edge of two surface elements then theoretically the number of intersectedsurfaces is two which would place that point outside of the surface. To avoid this precisionproblem in the current algorithm a predefined number of rays are considered at every point.This number should not be too large since that would result in a high number of intersectioncalculation. The developed technique uses a pipeline model, where there are five simple stages:  First, lets consider the surface mesh and determine its maximum dimensions in x, y and zdirections.  As a second step the finite element mesh with hexahedron elements has to be generated, that encloses thesurface mesh.  Next, the centre points of the generated hexahedron elements must be written out into a file.  The most time consuming algorithm reads the centre points of the hexahedron elements, readsthe surface mesh and determines for every point whether it is inside or outside of the surface mesh.At this stage another file is generated, which only contains 0 and 1 numbers denoting whether the pointis inside (1) or outside (0) of the surface mesh.  Finally, based on the information generated at the previous step the algorithm and the finiteelement mesh with hexahedron elements the algorithm removes all those elements that their correspondingvalue is zero. In this way the algorithm is very simple and explicit thus it can be more easily parallelised.The number of generated voxels can be very large and in this case thefull finite element mesh may not fit into the memory. To avoid this problem with the currentfile-based approach it is possible to process the file in parts. In this case the filesare processed in chunks. References [1]

T. He, L. Hong, A. Kaufman, A. Varshney and S. Wang, “Voxel-based object simplification” in Proceedings of IEEE Visualization, pp. 296–303, 1995.

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S. I. Vyatkin, B.S. Dolgovesov, A. V. Yesin and R. A. Schervakovl, “Voxel volumes volumes-oriented visualization system”in Proc. of International Conference on Shape Modeling, 1990. [3] X- Chai. M. van Herk, M.C. Hushof and A. Bel, “A voxel based finite element model for the prediction of bladder deformation” Med Phys, vol. 39, 2012, pp. 55–65. [2]

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3D Printer building as student project, with educational focus József Köő*, Dr. István Ervin Háber† *

†

University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Index Terms: Keyword1, Keyword2, Keyword3.

Building a self-designed FFF 3D printer is a really good way to get knowledge about 3D printing technologies[1] and its surrounding technologies[2]. As a project work it not only include building procedure, but designing, project managing, measuring, documentation writing, testing, electrical designing, and programming as well. These parts of the project are essential for creating a working product, and for a student they give a huge amount of experience about the lifecycle of a product. My project has been started at January of 2016. First of all it was necessary to design a project plan to state the working phases and the deadlines for each. In the first phases I needed to write documents about the desired 3D printers system. After the designation of logical construction, I started to model the physical appearance of the product (Fig. 1.). I followed material-based design guideline, because I tried to use recycled materials, for make the project cost-efficient.

Fig. 3.

First version of design. Shows that it has a moving bed (y-axis) for increasing stability by lowering the center of gravity.

After physical modeling, I designed the electronic system. For this I use a microcontroller, surrounded by particular modules for every separated function, like motor controller[3], temperature control, temperature measurement, etc… This modular design allows a student experimenting on particular parts and on the whole system as well. Constructing the system, needs a deeper knowledge to learn about complex systems. During a project like this, a student can face a lot of errors and fails, but solving these will give a huge experience. Because the complexity of the project, it allows to develop the students problem solving skills, and he/she can use this knowledge for greater and more complex projects. After finishing a project like this, the student will own an interdisciplinary experience and knowledge, which can make him/her a better designer, and developer. References Bluemax, “A Comprehensive Introduction to 3D Printing Technology” http://3dprintingforbeginners.com/3d-printingtechnology/ , 17 March 2014. [5] Dr Háber István Ervin, “3D adatfeldolgozás és gyártás”, Pécs 2015 [6] Brian Schmalz “Easy Driver Stepper Motor Driver, An Open Source Hardware Stepper Motor Drive Project” http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/ [4]

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Copyright University of Pécs

2016 46