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BI 101: Protists

Protists

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What are Protists? Historically a catch-all kingdom Neither plant, animal, nor fungi

Molecular and biochemical

comparisons are clarifying the evolutionary picture Do not form a clade multiple lineages

RHIZARIANS RHODOPHYTA CHLOROPHYTA AMOEBOZOANS

ALVEOLATES STRAMENOPILE EUGLENOZOA

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Kingdoms and Domains The three-domain system Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

The six-kingdom system Bacteria

Archaea

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Fungi

Animalia

The traditional five-kingdom system Monera

Protista

Plantae

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What are Protists? Unifying characteristic: Eukaryotes Diverse morphology & lifestyles: Multicellular or single celled Autotrophs or heterotroph Covered in shells or cillia/flagella

Protists vs. Prokaryotes Protists  Eukaryotic

 Single-cellular and

Multi-cellular  Heterotrophs and Autotrophs  Asexual or sexual reproduction

Bacteria Prokaryotic Single-cellular Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Reproduces asexually by binary fission

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Alveolates:Diversity Molecular similarities– DNA

Include: Dinoflagellates Malaria Ciliates

Alveolates: Dinoflagellates

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Alveolates: Dinoflagellates Coral is a mutualism between photosynthetic dinoflagellates and a cniderian  Algae in coral called zooxanthelle

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Alveolates: Dinoflagellates  Coral Bleaching a threat  Kills zooxanthelle– the algal component

Alveolates: Dinoflagellates Red Tides Karenia

brevis

The neurotoxin

brevetoxin can kill fish Deplete oxygen in water

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Alveolates: Dinoflagellates Bioluminescent:

Noctiluca

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2xh9-

UPSlU

Alveolates: Ampicomlexans Malaria Caused by Plasmodium spp.

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Alveolates: Malaria

Why might diseases like malaria be more difficult to treat than a bacterial infection? Discuss with the person next to you

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Alveolates: Ciliates Paramecia  http://s258.photobucket.com/albums/hh263/

Gerd-aguenther/?action=view¤t=parafeed.mp4

Euglenozoans  Sleeping sickness, Tetse fly  Trypanosoma

levisi

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Stramenopiles: Diversity Diatoms Brown

Algae Water molds

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Diatoms • Phytoplankton • Chlorophylls a & c for photosynthesis • Intricate two-part Silica shells

Chlorophyll

Chl a

Chl c

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Stramenopiles: Brown algae Sargassum: Important to provide habitat for marine creatures, as well as food.

Stramenopiles: Oomycetes The water molds  Unicellular  cell wall: chitin  Flagella for mobility Diseases: Downy mildew in grapes

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Stramenopiles: Oomycetes The water molds Diseases: Phytophthora  1854 Irish Potato

famine  Sudden Oak death

Sudden Oak death

Phytophthora ramorum

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Rhizaria: Foraminiferans & Radiolarians  Heterotrophs- plankton  Thread-like pseudopodia for feeding

and/or locomotion

Rhizaria: Foraminiferans

 Shells of Calcium carbonate--limestone deposits  Gain new ‘chambers’ to their shell as they age

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Rhizaria: Radiolarians Shells of Silica oxide

Ameobozoans: Diversity Amoeba Slime molds

pseudopods

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Ameobozoans: Amoeba Pseudopods Unicellular Heterotrophs

Ameobozoans: Slime mold Physarum  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leKI

3Cv9YYw&feature=player_embedded  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkV hLJLG7ug&feature=related

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RHIZARIANS RHODOPHYTA CHLOROPHYTA AMOEBOZOANS

ALVEOLATES STRAMENOPILE EUGLENOZOA

Rhodophyta: Red algae Porphyra= nori Chlorophyll a

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Rhodophyta: Red algae Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyta: Derived adaptations Cellulose cell walls Starch for storage Chlorophylls a & b

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Chlorophyll

Chl a

Chl c Chl b

Chlorophyta: Green algae Spirogyra Ulva Chara

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Based on the tree above, is a group which includes the alga (red alga and green alga) alone considered a clade? • Now convince your partner– What do you think? • Why do you think your answer is right? • Did you change your mind?

(Forams and Radiolarians) RHIZARIANS ALVEOLATES RHODOPHYTA CHLOROPHYTA AMOEBOZOANS

STRAMENOPILE EUGLENOZOA

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Chloroplasts & Mitochondria  see article posted on website for homework

Terms to know  Endosymbiosis theory  Diatoms  Dinoflagellates  Protist  Prokaryote  Eukaryote

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